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Similar to AmHist ch.14 the civil war
AmHist ch.14 the civil war
- 1. The Civil War WarBetween the States Ch. 14
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- 3. Causes of War Unionvs. Independance • Do states have a right to leave the union if they do not agree with Federal Gov't.? • North – "Preserve union!" • South – "Preserve states rights!"
- 4. Causes of War Economics •North – industry & manufacturing • South – agriculture • cotton, rice, tobacco, hemp, sugar • Tariff – North- YES • protect industries from competition – South- NO! • econimics depended upon foreign trade • tariff made everything more expensive!
- 5. Causes of War Slavery •South – was integral to the way of life in South – many southerners argued that slavery was "positive good" • North – anti-slavery sentiment gaining more power
- 6. Causes of War Patriotism •Many Americans torn between patriotism to their country vs. state. • Robert E. Lee – Southerner – officer in army – opposed succession and slavery – did not accept Lincoln's offer to lead Union troops • Robert Anderson – VA slave owner – believed in consitutional right of succession – fought on loyalty to US Army
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- 8. Resources North • population – 2x •food – Midwest • wheat,corn,oats • industrial output – factories – railroads South • population – 9 million • crops – cotton & tobacco – non-edible
- 9. Leaders North • went throughmany military leaders • none as stellar as Southerners South • superior military leadership • trained at West Point national military academy – Robert E. Lee – Stonewall Jackson – J.E.B. Stuart
- 10. Strategy North • invade theSouth • Anaconda Plan – slowly cuttin off ability of South to wage war – blockade – control the Mississippi River – cut off transportation routes – Capture Richmond, VA South • deffensive fighting • protect home and family • motivation
- 11. War in theEast
- 12. • Virginia – WashingtonD.C. and Richmond • Believed quick decisive battle would end the war – soldiers hired for 3 months
- 13. First Manassas (July 1861) •"Battle of Bull Run" – Union initial advantage – Confederate back ups arrive • Victory for confederates! • Confederates – confidence! • Union – defeat and demoralized • Both realized this would not be a quick battle
- 14. Army of thePotomac (March-July 1862) • General Maclellan takes over Union Army – Replaces McDowell • Trains & reorganizes army • Wants to attack Richmond – confederate capital city • Stonewall Jackson stands in the way – defeats two separate Union armies – Valley Campaign
- 15. Battle for Richmond (April-July 62) • McLellon pushes towards Richmond • Union holds him off – heavy casualties – Gen. Johnston injured • Jefferson Davis asks Robert E. Lee for help – Lee pushes Union army back towards Washington D.C.
- 16. Second Manassas (August '62) •Lee sends JEB Stuart to attack Pope's army before Maclellan could join him – JEB Stuart raids headquarters and steals • payroll • battle plans • dress coat • Confederate victory sends Pope's army back to Washington D.C. • All of Virginia rid of Union armies
- 17. Battle of Antietam •A draw for both sides, – turned the tide of war because Europe made decision not to support the South • Strategic victory for the Union • Bloodiest single day of the war • Led to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation – Freed slaves in Southern states – Made slavery officiall an issue of the Civil War – lead to 13th Amendment
- 18. Battle of Gettysburg (July'63) • Union victory • Turning point in Civil War – South on defensive for the rest of war • Casualties = 50,000 • Gettysburg Address – Lincoln keeps trying to keep country together
- 19. War in theWest
- 20. Western Battles • MississippiRiver • Kentucky-Tennessee • More Union victories • Better Union Generals – Ulysses S. Grant – William Sherman
- 21. Grant's Genius • usedarmy and gunboats to capture important Confederate forts – Fort Henry – Fort Donelson • Grant fights until forts "unconditional surrender" • Union takes Kentucky and moves on to Tennessee
- 22. Fall of Vicksburg •important river port • middle held the south together – transportation between West & East • high bluffs, swampy land • Grant's persistence paid off – July 4 Vicksburg surrenders to Union army ** Union controls Mississippi River
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- 24. • Beginning- rushof volunteers • lived in camps – songs, stories, baseball, letters – drills, marches, bad food • Reality of War – suffered great losses – new guns-better accuracy – trench warfare – overwhelmed hospitals-soldiers lay dying
- 25. Women & theWar • new jobs – teachers, office workers, sales clerks, factory workers, government workers, • losses – husbands, sons, brothers, fathers • wove blankets, rolled bandages, made ammo, collected food, clothing, meds, $ • spies- Rose O’Neal Greenhow, Belle Boyd, Loretta Velazquez
- 26. • Served asnurses – improper – too delicate • Dorothea Dix • Clara Barton – organized nurses – American Red Cross
- 27. Not Everyone onBoard • some in favor in North • some opposed – Copperheads- “like poisonous snakes” – suspected of aiding Confederacy • President suspends habeas corpus – right to a hearing before being jailed – keep people from aiding the enemy
- 28. Wanted: men willing todie • volunteers almost gone • draft initiated in South – 3 year term, 18yr – 35 yr • could hire a sub • slave holders with 20 or more did not have to serve “rich mans war, poor mans fight” • bounties in North – $100 to volunteers – didn’t work – went to draft, 25-45 yr olds • hire a sub or pay government $400
- 29. War & theEconomy • Strained both sides • North better equipped than South • Both raised money by: – borrowing money • $2 billion in war bonds-North, • $700 million in South – raising taxes – printing paper money • Greenbacks – North • South printed 2X as much
- 30. up, up, up! • •Prices rose higher than wages = inflation • more prosperous in North • South suffered more – more fighting occurred in South – land ruined – thousands homeless – cities burned – blockades – shortage of supplies
- 31. Do the math... North80% Inflation Cost of Bread .10 Now Cost .18 South 9000% Inflation Cost of Bread .10 Now Cost $9.10
- 32. General Sherman • CapturesAtlanta • Marches to Savannah • Total War – cut off from Northern supply lines – lives off land, devastating land – takes Savannah
- 33. War nears theend... • Lee tries to meet up with Sherman – blocked by Union advances • realizes it is hopeless – surrender at Appomattox Courthouse • Grant generous in his terms – keep horses- get home, put in a crop – 3 days rations
- 34. • May 10,1865 •Civil War Is Over
- 35. • ......but thework of reconstruction is just beginning...