Here are brief answers to your questions:
- The Industrial Revolution started in the late 18th century, around 1760-1840.
- It began in England because of England's natural resources like coal and iron, developed trade networks, growing middle class, and innovations in technology.
- Key causes included mechanization enabled by steam power, development of factories, growth of commerce and trade, agricultural revolution increasing farm output and freeing up labor.
- It transformed economies from agriculture to industry, rural societies to urban ones, and home production to factories. It increased production through machines.
- Negative consequences included poor working conditions, pollution, urban overcrowding, public health issues, wealth inequality, social/economic
A docuement based on Industrial revolution, origins of movement, Important technological developments, Social effects, Impact on women and family life, food and nutrition, transfer of knowlege, concluding thoughts
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
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Learn about how the Industrial Revolution started, from the steam engine to the railway. Gain insights into the historical significance of the revolution - how it lead to the unification of Germany and Italy, the revolutions of 1848, the redrawing of the European map, and eventually how it all led to the start of the First World War.
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Fossil fuels, steam power, and the rise of manufacturing: journey through a transformation in human society.
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A docuement based on Industrial revolution, origins of movement, Important technological developments, Social effects, Impact on women and family life, food and nutrition, transfer of knowlege, concluding thoughts
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
The Industrial Revolution - AS Level HistoryArm Punyathorn
Learn about how the Industrial Revolution started, from the steam engine to the railway. Gain insights into the historical significance of the revolution - how it lead to the unification of Germany and Italy, the revolutions of 1848, the redrawing of the European map, and eventually how it all led to the start of the First World War.
For AS Level History students
Fossil fuels, steam power, and the rise of manufacturing: journey through a transformation in human society.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
The Industrial Revolution in Britain can be seen as radical changes which took place during short period of time mainly in three fields: textile industry, iron industry and the coal industry.
Check out these 10 cultural, political, and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and around the world! You may listen to this presentation in order to get the information that you need for our Gallery Walk in Social Studies and to prepare for assessments.
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Industrialization
1.
2.
3. COALBROOKDALE BY
COALBROOKDALE BY
NIGHT (1801)
NIGHT (1801)
by Philippe de Loutherbourg
Coalbrookdale: an important iron-producing centre. It had many
im
factories, furnaces and foundries.
The painter Philippe de Louthenboug was fascinated by the
industrial landscape and the ‘terrible’ forces produced by the new
forms of energy.
Like other painters he was interested in portraying the ‘sublime’
that which inspires both terror and delight.
In the late eighteenth century industrial themes were considered
a source of this kind of feeling.
4. Massive social, economic, and technological
change in the 18th century and 19th century
Great Britain which changed the country from a
rural and agricultural country into an urban and
industrial one.
In the 19th Century it spread throughout
Western Europe and North America, eventually
impacting the rest of the world.
5.
6. CAUSES OF FIRST INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
country rich in coal and iron
colonial expansion of the 17th century and
consequent development of international
trade
industrial raw materials come from British
colonies
British colonies provide markets for
manufactured products
England rich in rivers
many canals are built (transport of goods and
materials)
British merchant fleet most efficient in the
world
British merchant fleet covers all trading routes
important inventions
7. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
16th century to about 1820
• before 18th century system essentially post-feudal
• some open fields enclosed into individually owned field
• smallest farmers cannot survive as independent farms
• villagers lose their land and grazing (pascolo) rights
• Enclosure Act -1801 - Act of Parliament which encloses common
land in the country
• new scientific approaches to farming
• increasing mechanization of farming
• lots of workers lose their jobs
• most workers forced to move to cities and find work in factories
10. 1770 - 1830 Britain changes from an
agricultural to an industrial country
new inventions change the way goods are
made.
steam engine facilitates the growth of new
industries
new coal mines are opened (coal is the
new power source)
roads and canals are built to transport
coal and other heavy goods all over the
country
methods of producing iron improve
iron bridges and ships were built
steam locomotion is invented
20. Factory Production
) Concentrates production in one
place [materials, labor].
) Located near sources of power
[rather than labor or markets].
) Requires a lot of capital investment
[factory, machines, etc.] more
than skilled labor.
21. Textile Factory
Workers in England
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers
22. The Factory System
Rigid schedule.
12-14 hour day.
Dangerous conditions.
Mind-numbing monotony.
38. TIMELINE
1733 1765 1770 1785 1800 1825 1879 1894
1733 – John Kay invents the flying shuttle
1765 – Watt invents the steam engine
1770 – Arkwright invents the water frame and the
Factory Production starts
1785 – Cartwright patents the first power loom
1880 – Volta invents the voltaic pile
1825 – the first public railroad is opened in England
1879 - Edison invents the incandescent bulb
1894 - Marconi pioneers wireless telegraphy
39. SIDE EFFECTS OF
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• social conflicts and problems
• many skilled men lose their jobs
• demand for traditional craft declines
• farms change
• fewer jobs for farm workers
• wives weaving craft work replaced by
machines in mills
• people from countryside forced to
leave home and move to industrial
towns
40. SOCIAL CHANGES
SOCIAL CHANGES
change from domestic to factory system of
production
before Industrial Revolution : 10% of people live in
cities, after 75% live in cities
two new social classes:
middle class made of powerful and wealthy
merchants and manufacturers
working class made of factory workers in
conditions of poverty
(old social classes: aristocracy and farmers)
46% of workers are women, 15% children under
the age of 13
58. LIFE IN CITIES
terrible working conditions in factories
factories dirty and noisy
people work up to 16 hours a day
low wages
many die of disease and starvation
factory owners employ women and children and pay
them very little
young children work for long hours in factories and even
in mines
during 19th century industrial towns grow and living
conditions become worse
towns not prepared to receive so many people
people forced to live in slums in houses built quickly and
cheaply without sanitation
people live in unhealthy conditions plagued by disease,
poverty and overcrowding
in some towns average age at which workers die is
twenty
59.
60. The Luddites: 1811-1816
Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].
Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in
Sherwood Forest]
64. Peterloo Massacre, 1819
British
Soldiers
Fire on
British
Workers:
Let us die
like men,
and not be
sold like
slaves!
65. The Chartists
Key
Chartist
settlements
Centres of
Chartism
Area of plug
riots, 1842
66. The “Peoples’ Charter”
V Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett.
V Radical campaign for Parliamentary
reform (These reforms allowed the middle classes to
share power with the upper classes. Some historians argue
that this transfer of power achieved in England what the
French Revolution achieved in France )
Votes for all men.
Equal electoral districts.
Abolition of the requirement that
Members of Parliament [MPs] be
property owners.
Payment for Members of Parliament.
Annual general elections.
The secret ballot.
67. The Chartists
A female Chartist
A physical force—
Chartists arming for
the fight.
68. Anti-Corn Law League, 1845
(The Corn Laws were import tariffs designed to
support domestic British corn prices . their
abolishment marked the beginnings of free trade.)
4 Expand employment.
4 Lower the price of bread.
4 Make British agriculture more
efficient and productive.
4 Expose trade and agriculture to
foreign competition.
4 Promote international peace through
trade contact.
69.
70. Thomas Malthus
Population growth will
outpace (sorpassare) the
(
food supply.
War, disease, or famine
could control population.
The poor should have
less children.
Food supply will then keep
up with population.
71. David Ricardo
“Iron Law of Wages.”
When wages are high,
workers have more
children.
More children create a
large labor surplus that
depresses wages.
72. The Utilitarians:
Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill
The goal of society is the greatest good for
the greatest number.
There is a role to play for government
intervention to provide some social safety
net.
74. The Socialists:
Utopians & Marxists
People as a society would operate and own the
means of production, not individuals.
Their goal was a society that benefited
everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].
75.
76. Government Response
k Abolition of slavery in the colonies
in 1832 [to raise wages in Britain].
k Sadler Commission to look into
working conditions
Factory Act [1833] – child labor.
k New Poor Law [1834] – indoor relief.
Poor houses.
k Reform Bill [1832] – broadens the
vote for the cities.
80. By 1850:
Zones of Industrialization
on the European Continent
ù Northeast France.
ù Belgium.
ù The Netherlands.
ù Western German states.
ù Northern Italy
ù East Germany Saxony
84. Bibliographic Sources
) “Images of the Industrial Revolution.”
Mt. Holyoke College.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart
/ind_rev/images/images-ind-era.html
) “The Peel Web: A Web of English History.”
http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/mbloy/c-
eight/primary.htm
) http://www.open2.net/industrialrevolution/
86. • When did the Industrial Revolution start?
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in
England?
• What were the causes of the Industrial
Revolution?
• What changed with the Industrial
Revolution?
• What were the negative consequences of
the Industrial Revolution?