Chapter 13-Exploration & Discovery
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European exploration in the 15th-16th centuries was driven by desires for new trade routes, gold, religion, and national competition. Explorers used new navigation tools like the compass, astrolabe, and caravel ships to explore. Portugal broke the Muslim monopoly on Indian Ocean trade by sailing around Africa. Spain sponsored Columbus, hoping to reach Asia by sailing west, leading to the discovery of the Americas instead. Magellan's voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe. Native civilizations like the Maya, Aztec, and Inca had advanced societies in the Americas before European contact.
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Portugal was an early leader in European exploration, sailing south and around Africa to reach Asia. Prince Henry the Navigator established a navigation school and Bartolomeu Dias proved Africa could be rounded. Vasco de Gaga then rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached India, though had trouble trading at first. Portugal made contact with China and became wealthy through the spice trade. Francis Xavier worked to convert people in Japan to Catholicism. Spain also explored westward, with Columbus reaching the Caribbean instead of India. Ferdinand Magellan later sailed all the way around the world, though he died in the Philippines. Conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro conquered peoples in the Americas like the Aztecs and Inc
Ch 7 Sec 3 "Growth of European Exploration"
Portugal and Spain were the first European nations to extensively explore and colonize outside of Europe due to their naval experience and desire to spread Catholicism. Portugal pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa under Prince Henry the Navigator and Bartolomeu Dias, who proved Africa could be sailed around. Vasco de Gaga then rounded the Cape of Good Hope and established trade routes. Spain decided to explore westward and sent Columbus, who landed in the Caribbean instead of India. Ferdinand Magellan later sailed around the world, though he died in the Philippines before the journey's end. Conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Inca empires through deception, violence, and force.
The Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes and lands. Countries sponsored voyages of explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the globe and map the Americas and Asia. These explorations established new trade networks for resources like spices, gold, and slaves, and led to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, technologies, and diseases between the Old World and New World.
Voyages of discovery
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
Voyages of discovery
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
World History Ch. 16 Section 1 Notes
European explorers launched voyages of discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries, driven by desires for wealth, glory and spreading faith. Portugal, led by Prince Henry, pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa hoping to find a sea route to India. Key explorers included da Gama, who reached India, and Columbus, who reached the Americas while seeking Asia but landed in a new continent. Magellan later became the first to circumnavigate the globe. Other European nations like England, France and the Netherlands later joined exploration seeking wealth and glory through finding routes to Asia.
Ch 7 sec 2
The document discusses the key factors that motivated European exploration in the 15th-16th centuries, including economic desires to establish new trade routes, religious goals to spread Christianity and confront Islam, and political ambitions to claim new territories for European monarchs. It also outlines important technological advances, such as improved shipbuilding, mapping, the compass, and the astrolabe, that enabled explorers to venture farther into unknown regions.
Ch 7 sec 3
Spain and Portugal were well positioned to explore overseas due to their naval experience and desire to spread Catholicism. Portugal's Prince Henry established a navigation school and Bartolomeu Dias proved Africa could be sailed around to reach India. Vasco de Gama then established trade routes around Africa and to India, financing further voyages. Spain's Christopher Columbus sailed west to reach India but landed in the Caribbean instead. Ferdinand Magellan later became the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he died partway through the voyage. Conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Inca empires respectively in South and Central America, seeking gold and new lands for their kingdoms.
WH_CH19 Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration saw European powers like Portugal, Spain, France, and England exploring new trade routes and lands during the 15th-17th centuries. Portugal led the way in exploring Africa's coast, with explorers like Prince Henry and Bartolomeu Diaz finding a sea route around the Cape of Good Hope to India. Vasco da Gama then established the direct sea route to India, bringing back valuable spices. Other notable explorers included Christopher Columbus, who opened the Americas to colonization for Spain; Ferdinand Magellan, who was the first to circumnavigate the globe; and the English establishing colonies like Jamestown under King James.
An age of explorations and isolation (1400 1800) upload
1. Beginning in the 1400s, European powers like Portugal, Spain, France, and the Netherlands began exploring and colonizing other parts of the world seeking new trade routes, resources, and ways to spread Christianity.
2. Portugal led the initial wave of exploration down the west coast of Africa. Spain then conquered much of Central and South America, devastating native cultures like the Aztecs and Incas.
3. The colonization established the Atlantic slave trade, with over 10 million Africans ultimately transported to the Americas as slaves. European trading companies also established control over ports and trade in Asia.
Confronatation of cultures
The document provides an overview of the encounters between Europeans and Native Americans from 1300 to 1700. It discusses the major empires that existed in Central and South America prior to European arrival, including the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. It describes their social structures, systems of government, religious practices, and ways of life. It then details the initial European voyages of exploration, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires, and the establishment of European colonies in the Americas.
European explorers
Here are the explorers associated with each voyage:
1. First to sail around the Cape of Good Hope - Bartolomeu Dias
2. First to sail directly from Europe to India - Vasco da Gama
3. Discovered the Americas while trying to find a route to Asia - Christopher Columbus
4. First European to circumnavigate the globe - Ferdinand Magellan
5. Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico - Hernán Cortés
6. Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru - Francisco Pizarro
Week 8 day 2 -unit 2- age of exploration
Europeans colonized parts of the world for religious, economic, and political reasons in the 1400s-1600s. Portugal explored and established trade routes down the west coast of Africa, discovering new navigation technologies. Spain sought gold, silver, and new trade routes, and sent Columbus to explore, establishing colonies in the Americas. England, France, and other countries later established large global empires, controlling territories in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas through the 1700s-1800s. These empires spread Christianity, grew wealthy from trade, and had major cultural and political impacts on colonized regions.
Ch. 7 Sec. 2 Origins of European Exploration
The Age of European Exploration was driven by economic, social, political, and religious motives. Marco Polo's travels to China inspired others to seek new trade routes and riches. Rulers wanted to claim new lands and resources for economic and political gain. Religiously, Europeans sought to spread Christianity to new lands and peoples while also limiting the spread of Islam. Technological advances in shipbuilding, navigation tools like the compass and astrolabe, and updated maps enabled explorers to travel on the open seas.
Ch 7 Sec 2 "Age of European Exploration"
European exploration in the 15th-16th centuries was driven by economic, social, political, and religious motives. Adventurers like Marco Polo had returned from Asia with tales of wealth, fueling Europeans' desires for new trade routes and riches. Rulers hoped to claim new lands and resources for political gain. Religious motives included spreading Christianity and confronting the spread of Islam. Technological advances in shipbuilding, maps, the compass, and astrolabe enabled longer voyages into open seas and the discovery of new territories.
Unit 2 age of exploration- guided notes
The document provides information about the motivations and goals of European exploration in the 15th-16th centuries. The main motivations were to spread Christianity (God), engage in trade to acquire goods like gold and spices (Goods), and for explorers to gain fame and glory. It then discusses the key European powers that engaged in exploration - Portugal, Spain, England, and France - and some of their main explorations and accomplishments that expanded their global empires.
Unit 2 age of exploration- guided notes
The document provides information about the motivations and goals of European exploration in the 15th-17th centuries. The key motivations were: spreading Christianity (God), trade and wealth (Goods), and glory for explorers. Portugal, Spain, England, and France were the main exploring countries. Portugal explored Africa's coast and established the first global trade routes. Spain claimed much of North and South America and built large empires through conquering civilizations. England established colonies worldwide and eventually built the largest empire in history. France also built global colonies focused on trade, especially in North America and parts of Asia, Africa.
ExplorationoftheAmericasPowerPoint-1.pptx
The document provides an overview of the Age of Exploration by European powers beginning in the 15th century. It discusses key explorers like Prince Henry of Portugal, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, Vasco de Balboa, and Ferdinand Magellan who explored and claimed new lands for their European nations. It also summarizes the establishment of colonies in the Americas by Spain, Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands as well as the introduction and system of African slavery that developed.
Columbus's World 1942
This document summarizes Columbus's view of the world in 1492, including:
1) Columbus believed he had handed the Western Hemisphere over to Spain and that Muslims and Jews had no place in the lands he discovered.
2) Because of the Catholic Church's influence, Spain expelled its Jewish population and those unwilling to convert ended up in Turkey.
3) The main civilizations and regions discussed include China, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and their religious, cultural and technological characteristics.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
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Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Chapter 13-Exploration & Discovery
- 1. Chapter 13- Exploration & Discovery
- 2. Why exploration? • New Trade Routes – Wanted to increase profits – Didn’t want to pay the middle man anymore • Gold – Tales of great riches • Adventure – Renaissance spirit of curiosity & individual achievement
- 3. • Religion – Wanted to convert the heathens – Mostly Roman Catholics, spreading their religion, not salvation through Jesus Christ • Competition among European nations – Italy-monopoly on trade – Other nations want to bypass Italy – Kings wanted riches for their own country
- 4. Tools for Exploration • Maps – Not very useful in exploring new lands – Every time an explorer returned, he added onto a previously made map
- 5. Instruments • Compass –Navigation –Map making –Direction to follow a certain course
- 6. Instruments • Astrolabe • Quadrant • Cross staff – All measured angle between horizon and North star – Used to measure latitude – Not accurate on a moving ship
- 7. Sea Going Vessels • Arabic sails • Viking Sails – Good on the ocean – Good maneuverability – Only control small boats - Change directions and • Not enough room for men move around things and supplies • Caravel • combination of triangle and rectangular sails • Light and fast • Good for ocean travel
- 9. Portugal • Leads in Exploration • Dias – Surrounded by water – Sailed around south tip of – Learned skills from Moors Africa • Navigation • De Gama • Map making skills – Sailed around south tip, • Henry the Navigator reached India – Never sailed • ***Portuguese broke – Loved navigation Muslim monopoly on – Sponsored captains, trade in Indian Ocean*** mapmakers, geographers, etc.
- 10. Spain • Christopher Columbus • God planned on the – Italian, sponsored by New World being Spain discovered ONLY after – Wanted to reach Asia by the truth of the Bible is sailing East now becoming more – Ptolemy and Marco Polo well known. – Leaves August • October spots land • San Salvador, Bahamas • Thinks it is Japan
- 12. BECAUSE OF THE LINE OF DEMARCATION THE SPANISH COULD NOT SAIL AROUND THE AFRICAN CONTINENT TO INDIA. THEY HAD TO FIND ANOTHER ROUTE….
- 13. Ferdinand Magellan • 1519- Sail East by going West – 200+ men; 5 ships; 3 years – Sail around southern tip of S. America – Named Pacific Ocean (peaceful) • Only 18 men; 1 ship made it back to Spain – Magellan dies in Philippines • 1st time- Circumnavigate world – Found alternate route to East Indies
- 14. EUROPE AND THE NEW WORLD AKA THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
- 15. Native Americans • Natives had lived here for thousands of years • Farmers/gatherers, hunters • Worship nature gods • Small tribes rather than large nations
- 16. Natives of Central & S. America • More advanced than N. American natives – Large cities – Traded with neighbors – Created art/literature • Maya (300-900 AD) • Aztec (1300s AD) • Incas (1380 – 1570 AD)
- 17. Maya • Many city-states • Pyramids • Paved highways • Hieroglyphs • Astronomy • Computed length of year 365 ¼ days • Worshipped false gods • Declined before Spanish arrival
- 19. Aztec • After Mayan decline • 1345- founded city of Tenochtitlan – City on lake – Central Mexico – Temple in center, canals through city – Fighters – Conquered over 2 million people – Human sacrifices to their gods
- 20. Tenochtitlan
- 21. Inca • West coast of S. America (Peru) • Families in tightly knit communities • Mostly farmers • Had an empire – Ruled over conquered people – Well planned cities and road system
- 22. • The Incas excelled at terrace farming. Land is very uneven in Peru. • They knew how to use the land they had to successfully grow: corn, potatoes, quinoa…… and cocoa beans for CHOCOLATE