sensors are what we experience the most in our life. they are even working in our body in different aspects. they may be as eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc. when we combine them they make a network. it may be a human sensor network. but i have shared something interesting about wireless sensor networks.
in this paper authors made the study of basic clustering algorithm Leach. A comparison is made between Leach and Leach.wireless sensor network advantages, and wireless sensor network dataset
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.
This powerpoint generally defines Wireless Sensor Networks, the advantages, disadvantages and the general types.
sensors are what we experience the most in our life. they are even working in our body in different aspects. they may be as eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc. when we combine them they make a network. it may be a human sensor network. but i have shared something interesting about wireless sensor networks.
in this paper authors made the study of basic clustering algorithm Leach. A comparison is made between Leach and Leach.wireless sensor network advantages, and wireless sensor network dataset
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.
This powerpoint generally defines Wireless Sensor Networks, the advantages, disadvantages and the general types.
Wireless sensor networks make use of sensor nodes distributed in a sensor node field. There are many factors that influence the sensor network design. Sensor networks have their own protocol stack aligned with the OSI model.
To analyze the efficiency of heterogeneous wireless sensor network over homogenous wireless sensor network.
To analyze the stability, life time ,through put.
Design Issues and Applications of Wireless Sensor Networkijtsrd
Efficient design and implementation of wireless sensor networks has become a hot area of research in recent years, due to the vast potential of sensor networks to enable applications that connect the physical world to the virtual world. By networking large numbers of tiny sensor nodes, it is possible to obtain data about physical phenomena that was difficult or impossible to obtain in more conventional ways. In future as advances in micro-fabrication technology allow the cost of manufacturing sensor nodes to continue to drop, increasing deployments of wireless sensor networks are expected, with the networks eventually growing to large numbers of nodes.Potential applications for such large-scale wireless sensor networks exist in a variety of fields, including medical monitoring, environmental monitoring, surveillance, home security, military operations, and industrial machine monitoring etc. G. Swarnalatha | R. Srilalitha"Design Issues and Applications of Wireless Sensor Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4688.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/4688/design-issues-and-applications-of-wireless-sensor-network/g-swarnalatha
Wireless sensor networks make use of sensor nodes distributed in a sensor node field. There are many factors that influence the sensor network design. Sensor networks have their own protocol stack aligned with the OSI model.
To analyze the efficiency of heterogeneous wireless sensor network over homogenous wireless sensor network.
To analyze the stability, life time ,through put.
Design Issues and Applications of Wireless Sensor Networkijtsrd
Efficient design and implementation of wireless sensor networks has become a hot area of research in recent years, due to the vast potential of sensor networks to enable applications that connect the physical world to the virtual world. By networking large numbers of tiny sensor nodes, it is possible to obtain data about physical phenomena that was difficult or impossible to obtain in more conventional ways. In future as advances in micro-fabrication technology allow the cost of manufacturing sensor nodes to continue to drop, increasing deployments of wireless sensor networks are expected, with the networks eventually growing to large numbers of nodes.Potential applications for such large-scale wireless sensor networks exist in a variety of fields, including medical monitoring, environmental monitoring, surveillance, home security, military operations, and industrial machine monitoring etc. G. Swarnalatha | R. Srilalitha"Design Issues and Applications of Wireless Sensor Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4688.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/4688/design-issues-and-applications-of-wireless-sensor-network/g-swarnalatha
The talk will give an overview on wireless sensor networks (WSNs), their challenges as well as descriptions of a number of their applications in our daily life. Also, it provides some solutions for some of the current existing challenges, for example: Energy harvesting solutions, data collection and mining. The talk will focuses on the advances development of the WSN domain as a common step towards the Internet of Things and as a service-oriented architecture of the future Internet.
WSN protocol 802.15.4 together with cc2420 seminars Salah Amean
WSN protocol 802.15.4 together with cc2420 seminars . It is based on the standand of ieee802.15.4 and data sheet of the radio transceiver cc2420.
Note that some slides are borrowed.
At ITSF 2016 in Prague, Nir Laufer of Oscilloquartz explained how to combine PTP and NTP to help meet the sub-millisecond accuracy needed for many new applications.
This slides about Wireless sensor network MAC protocol,
There are bunch of MAC protocol in research field.
It classify the MAC protocol and summarize the feature of typical sensor network MAC protcol
Intelligent Electric Power Management Using Zigbee with Advanced Metering Inf...Akbar Badusha
This project mainly focuses on reduction of power cut and power theft. The main reason for the power cut is shortage of power in the generation unit. We can rectify this problem through our project.
Whenever the generation falls behind a particular limit (it is set initially by EB) the power management system will automatically switched on. Power will be supplied to only the basic necessary equipment (as stated in the priority list) power to other load will be stopped so that huge amount of power can be saved without power cut.
In our project, this is achieved using NS2 software and using ZIGBEE. Whenever generation falls below the particular value, then the load will be automatically switched off based on priority. And it can also be done through an interrupt. Through ZIGBEE command the interrupt will be sent to microcontroller to cut the power to the particular load.
When microcontroller receiving the command, the relay will cut the power to the equipment. So the power will be saved.
In this project,the method to detect and to control the power theft is also stated. Other methods of power theft like damaging, by passing electrical power meter can also be detected and can be punished.
Man power can also be reduced. The power usage of the customer will be automatically updated in the EB station so there is no need of man power to take meter reading in the user side. After every two months the reading will be automatically resetted.
wireless sensor networks using zigbee and wifisunil raj kumar
the ppt presents a brief view of how we can transmit zigbee collected data to wifi transceiver and flow chart ,block diagram gives you a clear idea of how data are transmitting
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
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Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
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Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
Wireless sensor network survey
1. Wireless sensor network survey
Author: Jennifer Yick, Biswanath Mukherjee, Dipak Ghosal
Reported by Jiang
2. 2
Introduction
•
Subject: wireless sensor network (WSN)
•
WSN consists of spatially distributed
autonomous sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to
cooperatively pass their data through the
network to a main location.
What?
4. 4
Typically WSN
•
A WSN typically has little or no infrastructure.
There are two types of WSNs.
Structured WSN
Unstructured WSN
5. 5
Structured WSN
•
Deployed in a pre-planned manner
•
Fewer nodes
•
Lower network maintenance
•
Lower cost
•
No uncovered regions
6. 6
Unstructured WSN
•
Densely deployed (many node)
•
Randomly Deployed
•
Can have uncovered regions
•
Left unattended to perform the task
•
Maintenance is difficult
a . managing connectivity
b. detecting failures
9. 9
Why we select WSN ?
Not traditional networks.
•
Power and environment constraints
determine us to design a lower power,
feasible, and smart network.
•
Sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and
intelligent.
10. 10
About this paper
•
Goal: present a comprehensive review of the
recent literature.
a . An overview of the key issues in a WSN
b. Compare different types of sensor
networks
c. Applications on WSN
d. Internal sensor system
e . Network services
f. Communication protocol
11. 11
Key issues
•
Energy constraint
•
Quality of service (QoS)
Each sensor node is an individual system.
Development should satisfy current
requirement.
Self-organizing
Consume less power
Total number and
placement
Address network dynamics
Optimize communication and
be energy efficiency
12. 12
Types of sensor networks
1. terrestrial WSN
•
Ad Hoc (unstructured)
•
Preplanned (structured)
1. underground WSN
•
Preplanned, with additional sink nodes to relay data.
•
more expensive equipment, deployment,
maintenance
1. underwater WSN
•
fewer sensor nodes( sparse deployment)
•
more expensive than terrestrial
•
acoustic wave communication
–
Limited bandwidth
–
long propagation delay
–
signal fading
13. 13
Types of sensor networks(cont.)
4. multi-media WSN
•
sensor nodes equipped with cameras and
microphones
•
pre-planned to guarantee coverage
•
High bandwidth/low energy, QoS, filtering, data
processing and compressing techniques
4. mobile WSN
•
ability to reposition and organize itself in the network
•
Start with Initial deployment and spread out to gather
information
•
deployment, localization, self-organization, navigation
and control, coverage, energy, maintenance, data
17. 17
Internal sensor system
•
sensor platform
–
radio components
–
processors
–
Storage
–
sensors (multiple)
•
OS
–
OS must support these sensor platforms.
It’s hard to design a general platform to be applied to all
applications due to requirements vary in terms computation,
storage and user interface.
19. 19
Internal sensor system
Standard example: ZigBee
•
IEEE 802.15.4:
–
standard for low rate wireless
personal area networks (LR-WPAN)
–
low cost deployment, low
complexity, power consumption
–
topology :star and peer-to-
peer
–
MAC layer: CSMA-CA
mechanism
•
ZigBee
–
simple, low cost, and low
power
–
embedded applications
–
can form mesh networks
20. 20
Internal sensor system
Storage
•
problems
–
storage space is limited
–
Communication is expensive
•
Solutions
–
Aggregation and compression
–
query-and-collect (selective gathering)
–
a storage model to satisfy storage constraints and query
requirements
21. 21
Internal sensor system
Testbeds
•
Provides researchers a way to test their protocols,
algorithms, network issues and applications in real
world setting
•
Controlled environment to deploy, configure, run,
and monitoring of sensor remotely
22. 22
Internal sensor system
Testbeds example: Orbit
•
a two-dimensional grid of 400 802.11 radio nodes.
•
dynamically interconnected into specified topologies
with reproducible wireless channel models.
23. 23
Internal sensor system
Diagnostics and debugging support
•
Measure and monitor the sensor node
performance of the overall network
•
To guarantee the success of the sensor
network in the real environment
24. 24
Network services
a . Localization
b. Synchronization
c. Coverage
d. Compression and
aggregation
e . Security
25. 25
Network services
Localization
•
Problem:
–
determining the node’s location (position)
•
Solutions:
–
global positioning system (GPS)
•
Simple
•
Expensive
•
outdoor
–
beacon (or anchor) nodes
•
does not scale well in large networks
•
problems may arise due to environmental conditions
–
proximity-based
•
Make use of neighbor nodes to determine their position
•
then act as beacons for other nodes
•
Other solutions
27. 27
Network services
Coverage
•
Is important in evaluating effectiveness
•
Degree of coverage is application dependent
•
Impacts on energy conservation
•
Techniques:
–
selecting minimal set of active nodes to be
awake to maintain coverage
–
sensor deployment strategies
28. 28
Network services
Compression and aggregation
•
Both of them
–
reduce communication cost
–
increase reliability of data transfer
•
Data-compression
–
compressing data before transmission to base
–
Decompression occurs at the base station
–
no information should be lost
•
data aggregation
–
data is collected from multiple sensors
–
combined together to transmit to base station
–
Is used in cluster base architectures
29. 29
Network services
Security
•
Constraints in incorporating security into a
WSN
–
limitations in storage
–
limitations in communication
–
limitations in computation
–
limitations in processing capabilities
30. 30
Network services
Open research issues
•
localization
–
efficient algorithms
–
minimum energy
–
minimum cost
–
minimum localization errors
•
Coverage: optimizing for better energy conservation
•
time synchronization: minimizing uncertainty errors over long periods of
time and dealing with precision
•
compression and aggregation: Development of various scheme
–
event-based data collection
–
continuous data collection
•
Secure monitoring: protocols have to monitor, detect, and respond to
attacks
–
It has done for network and data-link layer (can be improved)
–
Should be done for different layers of the protocol stack
–
Cross-layer secure monitoring is another research area
32. 32
Communication protocol
Transport layer
•
Packet loss
–
may be due to
•
bad radio communication,
•
congestion,
•
packet collision,
•
memory full,
•
node failures
–
Detection and recovering
•
Improve throughput
•
Energy expenditure
33. 33
Communication protocol
Transport layer
•
Congestion control/packet recovery
–
hop-by-hop
•
intermediate cache
•
more energy efficient (shorter
retransmission)
•
higher reliability
–
end-to-end
•
source caches the packet
•
Variable reliability
34. 34
Communication protocol
Transport layer(Open research issues)
•
cross-layer optimization
–
selecting better paths for retransmission
–
getting error reports from the link layer
•
Fairness
–
assign packets with priority
–
frequently-changing topology
•
Congestion control with active queue
management
35. 35
Communication protocol
Network layer
•
Important:
–
energy efficiency
–
traffic flows
•
Routing protocols
–
location-based: considers node location to route
data
–
cluster-based: employs cluster heads to do data
aggregation and relay to base station
36. 36
Communication protocol
Network layer (Open research issues)
•
Future research issues should address
–
Security
•
Experimental studies regarding security applied to
different routing protocols in WSNs should be examined
–
QoS
•
guarantees end-to-end delay and energy efficient routing
–
node mobility
•
handle frequent topology changes and reliable delivery
37. 37
Communication protocol
Data-link layer (Open research issues)
•
system performance optimization
•
Cross-layer optimization
–
Cross-layer interaction can
•
reduce packet overhead on each layer
•
reduce energy consumption
–
Interaction with the MAC layer provide
•
congestion control information
•
enhance route selection
–
Comparing performance of existing protocols of static
network in a mobile network
–
improve communication reliability and energy efficiency
38. 38
Communication protocol
Physical layer
•
Minimizing the energy consumption
–
Optimizing of circuitry energy
•
reduction of wakeup and startup times
–
Optimizing of transmission energy
•
Modulation schemes
•
Future work
–
new innovations in low power radio design with emerging
technologies
–
exploring ultra-wideband techniques as an alternative for
communication
–
creating simple modulation schemes to reduce synchronization and
transmission power
–
building more energy-efficient protocols and algorithms