The document discusses the analysis of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) compared to homogeneous ones, focusing on parameters like stability, lifetime, and throughput. It outlines the components of WSNs, including sensor nodes that detect various physical conditions and the role of cluster heads in data management. Additionally, it highlights various application domains for WSNs, such as military, medical, industrial, and environmental monitoring.

1. HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORK
GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY
Guided by:
Prof.Subhransu sekhar panda

2.  Chinmoy kanta jena
 Chinmaya singh
 Krushna chandra sahoo
 Jyotiprakash mishra
 Kamalakanta behera
Team members

3. OBJECTIVE
To analyze the efficiency of heterogeneous
wireless sensor network over homogenous
wireless sensor network.
To analyze the stability, life time ,through put.

4. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
consists of distributed autonomous wireless
sensors nodes to monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as
temperature, humidity, light
intensity, sound, vibration, pressure, motion etc.
Each node having sensing area of few
meters and radio range approximately 10 to 15
meters.

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM

6. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK …cntd.
 WSN is a self organized or spontaneous
network.
 Each node can sense, compute and
communicate each other. They can either
receive message or transmit message and
can transmit messages to the sink (or Base
Station).
 The sink can use many ways to
communicate with remote network, such as
Internet, satellite and mobile communication
network.
 Finally, the Task Manager (User) collects
this transmitted data.

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A SENSOR NODE
Transceiver
Sensor 1
Power
Source
Micro-controller
Memory
Sensor 2
ADC

8. Few Sensing inputs:
1. Temperature
2. Humidity
3. Light Intensity
4. Sound
5. Vibration
6. Pressure
7. Motion .

9. ROUTING

10. CLUSTERING ALGORITHM
Construction phase
1. Each node tests whether to become CH or
not.
2. If node becomes CH then it sends cluster
advertisement and waits for response
3. If node decides not to be CH then listens for
CH
advertisements and responses to the closest
CH

11. CLUSTERING ALGORITHM (Cont…)
Maintenance phase
1. When cluster is established, CH
sends/transmits
data in schedule.
2. After certain time the cluster is disrupted and
new construction phase takes place (rotation
of CH) where new CH are elected

12. SELECTING CLUSTER-HEADS IN LEACH
 Node i chooses random number s between 0 and 1
 If s < T(i), node i becomes a cluster head in current
round where:
T(i)=
where: P = desired percentage of cluster heads
r=no. of round

13. CH SELECTION CRITERIA
Cluster head are selected according to
 Initial Energy
 Residual Energy
 Energy Consumption Rate
 Average Energy of the Network:

14. CLUSTER NODE MAINTENANCE

25. Sensing field

26. LEACH ASSUMPTION
 Synchronized network
 Base station is fixed and located far from the
sensors
 All nodes are homogeneous and energy
constrained
 All nodes can reach base station

27. LEACH PROPERTIES
 Distributed
Only local information
 CH role
Data aggregation from node
Forwards aggregated data to BS
 Inter-cluster communication via CH
 Simple

28. IN A HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT…
 When all nodes start with the same energy level
nodes “randomly” die and within a short period
The result of initial setting or evolution of the sensor
network’s operation :“advanced” node has a “α”
times more energy than “normal” node
The energy of each advanced node is E0(1+α) .
BUT IN A HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT…

30. A. Military fields.
B. Medical monitoring and Health care.
C. Industrial Control.
D. Ocean and wildlife monitoring.
E. Building safety.
F. Earthquake Early Warning and
Monitoring.
G. Environmental applications.
H. Intelligent green aircrafts.
I. Smart Roads.
APPLICATION DOMAINS OF WSNS

31. PERFORMANCE MEASURES
 Stability Period: Time until death of the first node
 Network lifetime: Time until death of the last alive
node
 Number of cluster-heads per round: Nodes which
will directly send aggregated information to the sink
 Throughput: Rate of data reporting to cluster-
heads and to sink

32. Thank you