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- 1. Chap 25 The Industrial Revolution, 1700- 1900 Section 1: The Beginnings of Industrialization
- 2. Before Industrial Revolution • Products made by hand • ______________- landowners in Britain bought land owned by poorer farmers. – – ____________- Poor farmers worked these lands
- 3. New Farming Techniques • Farmers more ______________ – Crop rotation - planting a different crop in a different field each year • – • More people began producing goods
- 4. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain • ______________ - process of developing machine production of goods • ______________ - increase in production – began in England – during the 18th century
- 5. Resources • Great Britain had all of the important resources – – Water – – Rivers – Harbors –
- 6. Inventions Spur Industrialization • 1769, water frame- used water power to run spinning machines that made yarn • 1779, • 1787, power loom was a machine that sped up the cloth-making process.
- 7. Factories • Machines were big and expensive • – Near rivers due to ______________
- 8. Improvements in Transportantion • 1705, ______________ – Steam boat, trains, factories • 1820’s, ______________ – Now people can travel Britain faster – Transport is faster
- 10. Work in the Home • Merchants delivered materials to the workers’ cottage • • Merchant picked up finished product
- 11. Work in the Home • Home workers controlled their schedule • Work faster when they needed money •
- 12. Problems of Cottage Industries • Working at home had disadvantages – – – • Cloth making required a lot of skills • Only adults had the physical strength for the job
- 13. Working in a Factory • Divided work into several easy to learn tasks • • Children could learn jobs • • Could pay children a lower wage
- 14. Working in a Factory • Factory work was dangerous • • • • • • Lasted the 1700’s into the 1800’s
- 15. Life in Factory Towns • Whole towns grew up around factories • • Families in crowded close packed dwelling
- 16. Life in Factory Towns • Thick soot from burning coal • Smoke sent poisonous gases into the air. •
- 17. Life in Factory Towns • Some neighborhoods only had two toilets for every 250 people • •
- 18. Workers in a New Economy • Three levels – A wealthy businessman to invest and own the factory – –
- 19. Workers in a New Economy • Immigrant were happy to find any kind of work • Preferred hiring women and children – – –
- 20. Cottage Workers Unrest • Hand made items were more expensive • 1811 masked workers attacked a mill –
- 21. Cottage Workers Unrest • Machines were hurtful to the economy – • _____________ burned factories – • 1812 movement spread to other cities • Several Luddites were hanged
- 22. Changing Labor Conditions • British government did not want to get involved in factory problems • – Citizens wanted government regulation
- 23. Changing Labor conditions • Labor unions- organizations that represent the workers interests • Strikes-work stoppages to raise wages or improve conditions •
- 24. Changing Labor Conditions • Pressure from public brought unions back • 1832 Sadler Report- describe factory abuses • Britain passed laws – – –
- 25. The Mills of Manchester • Worked under terrible conditions • • • Factory Act of 1819 child labor law
- 27. Industry and the West • Parliament passed laws that favored business • Western countries – –
- 28. Industry Comes to America • Britain outlawed the export of certain machines • • 1760- 1830 Industrial Revolution mainly in Great Britain
- 29. Industry comes to the America • 1791 Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury) – • Wanted government to bribe British citizens to bring knowledge to U.S.
- 30. Reforming the Industrial World Chapter 25 section 4
- 31. Capitalism and Competition • 1700’s governments thought they should not interfere with business •
- 32. Adam Smith • Market economy-economy free from regulation •
- 33. Adam Smith • Law of self interest- • Law of competition- • Law of supply and demand-
- 34. The Economists of Capitalism • ______________— economic system where production is privately owned and money is invested in business for profit
- 35. Thomas Malthus • Population would always grow faster than production • • • Ideas justify low wages and laws that limited charity to the poor
- 36. The Rise of Socialism • ______________- believes the wealthy or government should take action to improve people’s lives • ______________-government should promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
- 37. Utilitarianism • Jeremy Bentham • • Womens rights included voting
- 38. Robert Owens • Built a “modern” town • • Lived in decent houses
- 39. Robert Owens Free schooling for workers children Imposed strict rules for workers personal lives › › › . › New Harmony, Indiana
- 40. Communist Manifesto • Society divided into two classes – _____________- “the haves” – ______________- “have-not” workers • Wealthy controlled production • Poor did all the work
- 41. Karl Marx • – Workers should rebel and control “means of production”
- 42. Karl Marx Three arguments against capitalism › Disrupts the relationship between ______________ & ______________ › Connection between work and pay › Unfair that laborers make little money
- 43. The Future According to Karl Marx • Marxism inspired revolutions – – –
- 44. Changing Labor Conditions • 1904 laws passed in the US to protect women and children • 1919 Supreme Court denied federal child labor law –
- 45. The Reform Movement Spreads • 1825, Abolition of Slavery –
- 46. Fight for Women’s Rights • Women made 1/3 of a man’s wages •
- 47. The Fight for Women’s Rights • British women served as safety inspectors • – Delegates from 27 countries
- 48. Reforms Spread to Many Areas • ______________of Massachusetts favored free public education – Western Europe had public education by late 1800’s •