Causes of the French Revolution
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The document summarizes key events in the lead up to and early stages of the French Revolution from the late 18th century to 1789. Long term causes included the high costs of the French monarchy and wars, an unfair tax system, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas. Short term causes were poor harvests, financial crisis, and influence from the American Revolution. The National Assembly was formed and took steps like the Tennis Court Oath and storming of the Bastille that challenged the traditional order. The Great Fear and August Decrees dismantled the feudal system and Church lands were nationalized.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to political and economic grievances with the monarchy. The Third Estate, which made up 97% of the population but had no political power, demanded equal representation. When King Louis XVI refused, the Bastille prison was stormed on July 14th, 1789, marking the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished the special privileges of the nobility and clergy and created a constitutional monarchy, declaring equal rights and liberties for all citizens. However, foreign threats and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette led to the Reign of Terror, with thousands executed by guillotine under Robespierre's Jacobin leadership before it ended.
French revolution causes
The document provides information about the causes and events of the French Revolution. It discusses the social, economic, political, and intellectual factors that contributed to the revolution. Key events discussed include King Louis XVI calling the Estate General in 1789, the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. The document also summarizes the reign of terror under Robespierre and the overthrow of his dictatorship, as well as the later rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Impact of french revolution
The document summarizes the impact of the French Revolution on French society from the late 18th century through the early 19th century. It discusses the emergence of the middle class, the abolition of feudalism and establishment of a constitution, the execution of King Louis XVI and establishment of the First Republic, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the limited roles of women and abolition of slavery in France. The French Revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic and had widespread effects on social and political structures.
French Revolution
The French Revolution began on July 14, 1789 when protesters stormed the Bastille prison in Paris. This marked the start of widespread civil unrest against the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. Inequality, high taxes on the poor, and a financial crisis contributed to growing discontent with the existing social and political system. The Revolution led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and a declaration of rights that embraced principles of liberty, equality and popular sovereignty. However, internal divisions and war with other European nations led to increased radicalization and the rise of Maximilien Robespierre's Jacobin dictatorship during the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794. The Revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a
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The French Revolution:
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- Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of terror
- Fall of the Jacobins
- Rise of the Directory
- Napoleon Bonaparte
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French Revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to political and economic grievances with the monarchy. The Third Estate, which made up 97% of the population but had no political power, demanded equal representation. When King Louis XVI refused, the Bastille prison was stormed on July 14th, 1789, marking the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished the special privileges of the nobility and clergy and created a constitutional monarchy, declaring equal rights and liberties for all citizens. However, foreign threats and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette led to the Reign of Terror, with thousands executed by guillotine under Robespierre's Jacobin leadership before it ended.
French revolution causes
The document provides information about the causes and events of the French Revolution. It discusses the social, economic, political, and intellectual factors that contributed to the revolution. Key events discussed include King Louis XVI calling the Estate General in 1789, the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. The document also summarizes the reign of terror under Robespierre and the overthrow of his dictatorship, as well as the later rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution began on July 14, 1789 when protesters stormed the Bastille prison in Paris. This marked the start of widespread civil unrest against the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. Inequality, high taxes on the poor, and a financial crisis contributed to growing discontent with the existing social and political system. The Revolution led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and a declaration of rights that embraced principles of liberty, equality and popular sovereignty. However, internal divisions and war with other European nations led to increased radicalization and the rise of Maximilien Robespierre's Jacobin dictatorship during the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794. The Revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a
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The document summarizes key aspects of the French Revolution including:
1) Important figures like Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis XVI, and Robespierre.
2) Discrimination in the estate system which caused resentment among the third estate who faced high taxes.
3) Events that sparked the revolution like the subsistence crisis and storming of the Bastille.
4) Changes like abolishing the monarchy and establishing a republic, and symbols of the revolution like the tricolor flag and Phrygian cap.
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The French Revolution began as a result of a financial crisis that left France in massive debt. King Louis XVI was a weak ruler unable to address problems or raise taxes without approval from the Estates General, an advisory body that had not met since 1614. When the Estates General did meet in 1789, the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and seized power. This led to the storming of the Bastille and the abolition of feudalism. Economic troubles and divisions escalated tensions, resulting in the Reign of Terror led by Maximilien Robespierre that saw tens of thousands executed before his own fall from power in 1794.
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by revolutionaries. French society was highly unequal, with the majority of the population (the third estate) facing heavy taxation while the nobility and clergy were largely exempt. This, combined with Enlightenment ideas of equality and natural rights, led to growing unrest among commoners and the middle class. The Revolution abolished the monarchy and feudal system of France, establishing a constitutional monarchy then a republic, with the execution of King Louis XVI. A period of violence known as the Reign of Terror followed, led by Robespierre, before a Directory government was established under Napoleon Bonaparte.
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The document provides an overview of the French Revolution including its key causes, events, outcomes, and legacy. It discusses the social, economic, and political causes of the revolution including the division of French society into estates, the country's growing debt, and the influence of Enlightenment philosophers. Major events covered include the storming of the Bastille, the Tennis Court Oath, and France becoming a constitutional monarchy with limits placed on the monarchy's power. The document also mentions the introduction of rights like equality before the law and the revolutionary wars that further strained France's economy.
The French Revolution
The French Revolution was caused by social inequalities, unfair taxation that burdened the poor, and new Enlightenment ideas that inspired the people to seek change. The Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to write a constitution. This led to unrest, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, revolutionary violence increased in the following years as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then rose to power and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, executing over 40,000 people with the guillotine before he too was over
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The French Revolution began in 1789 as the poor third estate grew angry over their lack of representation and equality compared to the first and second estates. They took an oath at a tennis court to form a national assembly and constitution. Over the next decade, violence erupted as the monarchy was overthrown and Robespierre established the Reign of Terror. The revolution installed several short-lived governments until Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end. The revolution profoundly influenced ideas of democracy, equality, and the role of citizens in government across Europe.
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The French Revolution occurred from 1789 to 1799 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. It established France as a republic and introduced principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The revolution was caused by famine, rising debt, taxation, and failure of reforms under the monarchy. It involved the storming of the Bastille fortress in Paris, the establishment of a National Assembly, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The revolution eventually spiraled into the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre, with thousands executed by guillotine before his own fall from power. Napoleon later took control of France and established himself as emperor.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the French Revolution including:
1) Important figures like Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis XVI, and Robespierre.
2) Discrimination in the estate system which caused resentment among the third estate who faced high taxes.
3) Events that sparked the revolution like the subsistence crisis and storming of the Bastille.
4) Changes like abolishing the monarchy and establishing a republic, and symbols of the revolution like the tricolor flag and Phrygian cap.
The French Revolution
The French Revolution began as a result of a financial crisis that left France in massive debt. King Louis XVI was a weak ruler unable to address problems or raise taxes without approval from the Estates General, an advisory body that had not met since 1614. When the Estates General did meet in 1789, the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and seized power. This led to the storming of the Bastille and the abolition of feudalism. Economic troubles and divisions escalated tensions, resulting in the Reign of Terror led by Maximilien Robespierre that saw tens of thousands executed before his own fall from power in 1794.
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by revolutionaries. French society was highly unequal, with the majority of the population (the third estate) facing heavy taxation while the nobility and clergy were largely exempt. This, combined with Enlightenment ideas of equality and natural rights, led to growing unrest among commoners and the middle class. The Revolution abolished the monarchy and feudal system of France, establishing a constitutional monarchy then a republic, with the execution of King Louis XVI. A period of violence known as the Reign of Terror followed, led by Robespierre, before a Directory government was established under Napoleon Bonaparte.
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The document provides an overview of the French Revolution including its key causes, events, outcomes, and legacy. It discusses the social, economic, and political causes of the revolution including the division of French society into estates, the country's growing debt, and the influence of Enlightenment philosophers. Major events covered include the storming of the Bastille, the Tennis Court Oath, and France becoming a constitutional monarchy with limits placed on the monarchy's power. The document also mentions the introduction of rights like equality before the law and the revolutionary wars that further strained France's economy.
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The French Revolution was caused by social inequalities, unfair taxation that burdened the poor, and new Enlightenment ideas that inspired the people to seek change. The Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath to write a constitution. This led to unrest, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, revolutionary violence increased in the following years as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then rose to power and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, executing over 40,000 people with the guillotine before he too was over
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Bismarck successfully unified Germany in 1871 and then pursued a policy of maintaining peace in Europe through a complex web of alliances including the League of Three Emperors and the Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary. His diplomacy was aimed at isolating France and preventing the formation of any alliance against Germany. By 1890, Bismarck had maintained peace in Europe for nearly two decades through skillful statesmanship, but increasing tensions and his resignation weakened Germany's position as other powers sought to alter the balance of power.
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The document discusses several events leading up to the calling of the Estates General in France, including: tax reforms that failed to tax the nobility adequately, leading to government debt; the Assembly of Notables rejecting demands for new taxes; and the Third Estate demanding equal representation in a new Estates General. Tensions rose further as commoners protested the political system, culminating in the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 and the beginning of the French Revolution.
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The French Revolution began in 1788 as King Louis XVI called the Estates-General due to France's bankrupt treasury. This led to conflict between the three estates of French society, and the formation of the National Assembly to represent citizens more equally. On July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille fortress by Parisians symbolized the people's growing discontent with the absolute monarchy. The Revolution then spread violence and turmoil across France as radical factions gained influence and instituted the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, sending thousands to the guillotine until his own execution in 1794. The monarchy was abolished, leaving France a democratic republic but still unstable amid conflict with other European nations.
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The document discusses the causes and characteristics of revolutions through examining the French Revolution. It identifies several factors that contributed to the revolution including economic struggles, unfair taxation and class divisions between the three estates. The document outlines the major events of the revolution including the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly and the execution of King Louis XVI. It also discusses the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in the aftermath of the revolution.
Best French revolution Power Point Presentation made Ever!!!!!!!!!!
The document provides details about a PowerPoint presentation on the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It lists the contents covered, including causes of the revolution such as social, economic, and political causes. It describes key events like the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in France. It also discusses figures like Robespierre and the Jacobins, and the eventual fall of the Jacobin government. In 3 sentences or less: This document outlines the contents of a PowerPoint presentation about the causes and major events of the French Revolution from 1789-1799, including the formation of the National Assembly, storming of the Bastille, and establishment
REVOLUCIÓN FRANCESA-CAUSAS
La Revolución Francesa fue un proceso decisivo en la historia que introdujo conceptos como izquierda/derecha y nacionalismo moderno. Fue la primera revolución burguesa donde la burguesía buscó tomar el poder y transformar las estructuras del país en su beneficio. Las causas incluyeron la crisis fiscal, malas cosechas que empobrecieron al pueblo, y las ideas de la Ilustración que criticaron el parasitismo de la nobleza y el clero.
French Revolution
The French Revolution was sparked by growing economic and social inequality between the three estates. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, bore the tax burden but had little political power. They rebelled in 1789, storming the Bastille and forcing King Louis XVI to accept a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions remained and radical factions grew more powerful. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, marking the onset of the Reign of Terror by the Jacobins to consolidate the Revolution.
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Best French revolution Power Point Presentation made Ever!!!!!!!!!!
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The French Revolution.pdf
The document summarizes the social and political conditions in late 18th century France that led to the French Revolution. It describes how French society was divided into three estates, with the clergy and nobility making up the first two privileged estates that were exempt from most taxes. The third estate comprised the majority of the population but had to pay most taxes and feudal dues. Rising prices and failed harvests led to widespread poverty and unrest among the third estate. The meeting of the Estates General and the storming of the Bastille marked the outbreak of the revolution as the third estate sought to establish a constitutional monarchy and end feudal privileges.
His 102 su 14 the french revolution
The French Revolution began in 1787 as France faced a fiscal crisis and political deadlock between the estates. In 1789, the Estates-General convened but disagreed on voting procedures, leading the Third Estate to declare itself the National Assembly. Key events escalated tensions, including the Tennis Court Oath, the storming of the Bastille, and the Great Fear in the countryside. The National Assembly worked to dismantle the power of the church and nobility while establishing citizens' rights with the Declaration of Rights of Man. However, divisions grew over issues like the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and Louis XVI's attempts to flee the country.
The-French-Revolution-1.pptx
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris by revolutionaries seeking ammunition and to free political prisoners. This sparked further riots across Paris and the countryside. French society at the time was divided into three estates, with the clergy and nobility as privileged classes exempt from taxes. Commoners faced subsistence crises due to population growth, rising food prices, and natural disasters. Enlightenment philosophers began spreading new ideas of equality and inalienable rights that influenced the growing middle class to demand an end to privileges. In 1789, King Louis XVI called the Estates General to approve new taxes but tensions rose and the Third Estate declared the National Assembly, seeking to draft a new constitution limiting royal
French revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system of government. France was facing a financial crisis due to debt from wars and spending by the king and queen. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, the Third Estate revolted and common people took to the streets due to high bread prices. The National Assembly was formed and abolished privileges of the clergy and nobility. However, internal conflicts led to the establishment of a republic and Reign of Terror under Robespierre. The revolution transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and later a republic while also spreading ideas of liberty, equality and popular sovereignty.
French Revolution By Engr. Shah Jahan Soomro
The French Revolution from 1789 to 1799 led to widespread political, social, and economic changes in France. It abolished the monarchy, established a republic, and was inspired by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality and popular sovereignty. However, the revolution became increasingly radical and violent under Maximilien Robespierre's Reign of Terror from 1793 to 1794, with thousands executed by guillotine. The revolution eventually gave way to Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power as dictator in 1799.
Western Civilization Lecture 7
The American Revolution began as a response to heavy British taxes imposed on the American colonies without colonial representation in Parliament. This led to protests like the Boston Tea Party and eventually the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The Revolutionary War lasted from 1775 to 1783, ending in an American victory.
The French Revolution began due to financial problems in France coupled with resentment of the extravagant monarchy and Marie Antoinette. This led to the storming of the Bastille and the formation of a National Assembly. The revolution then grew more radical, becoming a republic that engaged in war with other European powers and the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Napoleon later rose to power from the chaos but was eventually defeated
Week 5 Worksheet HST276 Version 23Week 5 Worksheet As you.docx
Week 5 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
3Week 5 Worksheet
As you read this week’s required materials, complete this worksheet. This is a multipage assignment; double-check that you completed each page before submitting.
Part I: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.
1. Revolutionary France
a. Burdened by debt from the Seven Years’ War and French support for the American Revolution, King needed to raise taxes, so he agreed to convene the , which met in 1789 at Versailles. Led by the —those outside the aristocracy or church— a new was declared on June 17, 1789. Its members swore, in the Tennis Court Oath, to create a new for France.
b. Nervous about the new National Constituent Assembly, the king gathered troops near Versailles and in early July of 1789. The citizens of , anxious about the royal troops, formed a militia and, on July 14, 1789, stormed the fortress of the city, the , earning a position in the French Revolution for -class people.
c. Following the events of July 14, 1789, workers in many French cities formed militias, and peasants rose up in the countryside in a movement called the . To confront these threats, aristocrats and clergy in the National Constituent Assembly surrendered many of their privileges on August , 1789, establishing the same and equal laws for all French citizens. The National Constituent Assembly went on to issue the Declaration on August 27, 1789. The king hesitated to ratify either of these decisions.
d. Worried that the king might suppress the revolution and demanding more , the of Paris marched to Versailles on October 5, 1789, and returned with the royal family, who moved to the palace of the in the city, where popular pressure could be maintained.
e. In 1790, the National Constituent Assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the , which declared government control over the Church in France. They demanded that priests and bishops swear to support the Civil Constitution and declared those who refused to take the oath were and prohibited them from conducting religious ceremonies. These actions convinced the , in February of 1791, to denounce the Civil Constitution and the . The National Constituent Assembly replaced the traditional provinces with , founded uniform courts, and established the system of measurement.
f. The Constitution of 1791, adopted by the National Constituent Assembly, established a constitutional that limited many people, including all women, from voting. The new Legislative Assembly declared war on in 1792. The war initially went poorly, and revolutionaries grew more radical. On August 10, 1792, the people of Paris invaded the palace, forcing the king and queen to flee to the , which held them comfortably but did not allow them any political power.
g. During the second revolution, the new radical government of Paris, the executed hundreds of criminals, calling them counterrevolutionaries, during the Massacres. This gove.
Ap ch 21
The document provides an overview of revolutionary changes in the Atlantic world between 1750-1850. It discusses the colonial wars and fiscal crises that drove European powers to seek new sources of revenue. The Enlightenment challenged old political ideas and thinkers like Locke and Rousseau proposed new concepts of government and individual rights. The American and French Revolutions broke out in response to taxation attempts and economic struggles. Both revolutions overthrew old regimes but established new republican systems of government.
French revolution 1789 TO 1799
The document provides background information on the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the social structure under the Old Regime, divided into three estates - clergy, nobility, and commoners. The clergy and nobility were exempt from taxes while the commoners faced heavy taxation and economic hardship. Leading causes of the revolution included the depleted treasury due to wars and spending by the king and queen, as well as growing intellectual support for ideas of equality, liberty and popular sovereignty. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly by the third estate, the storming of the Bastille prison, and the abolition of feudalism and establishment of a constitutional monarchy. The revolution eventually led to the establishment of a republic and
AP Causes of the French Revolution GLASS 2020.ppt
The document provides background information on the causes of the French Revolution through several sections:
1. It describes the socio-political system of pre-revolutionary France known as the Old Regime, which divided society into three estates and imposed heavy taxes on the Third Estate.
2. It identifies economic difficulties, Enlightenment ideas questioning absolute monarchy, and influence from the American Revolution as contributing factors.
3. It outlines the calling of the Estates General in 1789 by King Louis XVI to address financial problems, but the three estates could not agree on procedures, leading the Third Estate to declare itself the National Assembly.
4. Describing rising tensions, it concludes with the storming of
French revolution
Prior to the revolution, France was one of the most powerful countries in Europe but was in deep financial crisis due to years of war and debt. As economic conditions deteriorated, resentment grew among commoners towards the privileged nobility and clergy. On July 14, 1789, protesters stormed the Bastille prison, marking the start of the French Revolution. Over the next few years, the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were executed for treason, leading to the establishment of a republic. However, internal power struggles and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre resulted in thousands of deaths before a new, more moderate government came to power.
French revolution
This presentation provides a basic idea of why the French Revolution happened, what the estate was like, and the cause of the French Revolution and the fall of Louis XVI.
The french revolution
The French Revolution was a period of major social upheaval from 1787 to 1799 that sought to completely change the relationship between rulers and the governed. It was caused by widespread discontent with King Louis XVI's poor economic policies and the privileged status of the nobility. As the revolution unfolded, the king was overthrown and executed by guillotine along with his wife Marie Antoinette. The revolution established representative democracy and basic property rights but proceeded in a volatile back-and-forth between revolutionary and reactionary forces that eventually led to war with neighboring countries seeking to restore the monarchy.
French Revolution - Not a fiction - Completed by @hax_pix on twitter
The French Revolution was a violent liberal movement against the conservative French monarchy from 1789 to 1799. It overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. The Revolution was caused by widespread dissatisfaction with the absolute monarchy and unequal system of estates, as well as enlightenment ideals. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, establishment of the National Assembly, execution of King Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
French revolution
On July 14, 1789, the city of Paris was alarmed as the king had sent troops to patrol the territory. Rumors spread that the king planned to fire on citizens. In response, thousands of citizens gathered, formed militias, and seized weapons and ammunition. They then stormed the Bastille prison and released the prisoners. This marked the beginning of the French Revolution, sparked by economic troubles, inequality, and public unrest. The revolution led to widespread political and social change, including the abolition of the monarchy and establishment of a republic.
The French Revolution.pdfudhuhufbduhvudidiuddvuhd
The document provides details about the French Revolution from several chapters in a history textbook for class 9th grade students. It discusses the economic troubles facing France in the late 18th century that led to the revolution. This included debt from wars, a lavish royal court, and a subsistence crisis impacting common people. It describes the storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 by citizens of Paris and the establishment of the National Assembly. The Assembly worked to draft a constitution and abolish the feudal system, creating a constitutional monarchy. However, further unrest and wars with neighboring countries led to the monarchy being abolished and France becoming a republic.
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The document provides an overview of the key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the social structure under the French monarchy with the three estates, growing discontent among the third estate, events that sparked the revolution like the storming of the Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, further unrest led to the rise of radical Jacobins, the execution of Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, bringing the revolutionary period to a close.
The french-revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, demanded representation and reforms to the unequal system. This led to the storming of the Bastille prison and the formation of a constitutional monarchy. However, political divisions and war with other European nations led to increased radicalism and the Reign of Terror under Maximilien Robespierre. The Revolution ended in 1799 with the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte as leader of France.
French revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and established a republic. It was inspired by liberal and radical ideas from the Enlightenment and profoundly altered modern history by replacing absolute monarchies with republics and democracies. The Revolution started with the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 and continued until Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power. It had far-reaching social and political impacts in France and beyond.
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Causes of the French Revolution
- 1. Causes of the French RevolutionLong Term: ● Expenses of the king and queen (e.g. upkeep of Versailles) ● Cost of war (Louis deciding to join USA) ● Taxation was unfair ● Enlightenment ● Growing contempt in 2nd and 3rd estates Short Term: ● Poor harvest and high bread prices ● Financial crisis of the 1780s ● Spanish civil wars (influential) ● American was of independence
- 2. The Ancien Regime ● This was French society and government before the revolution in 1789. It held a number of deep-rooted problems. ● The taxation system, the divided structure of French society, and a gradual spread of ideas that challenged the structure of French society. ● These are long term causes of the French Revolution 15th Century - 1789
- 3. The calling of the Estates General ● In 1788, the French government was bankrupt so a new land tax was proposed to be paid by all. Privileged members of society were not exempt so demanded the Estates General to be called for the first time since 1614. ● Voting by head was not established so despite the the 3rd estate having more deputies than the others combined, proposals for reform were defeated. ● The Third Estate deputies made a decision to call themselves the National Assembly and claimed the right to speak for the nation. They intended to make laws without royal approval. This was the first revolutionary step. May – June 1789
- 4. The Tennis Court Oath ● The National Assembly found themselves locked out of their meeting place so declared, at the tennis court, that they would remain in session until a constitution was made. ● The king summoned all 3 estates for a Royal Session and declared the National Assembly's actions pointless. However, mob violence in Paris intensified and many nobles and clergy had joined the National Assembly by this point. When the king ordered reforms, the 3rd estate refused. Late June
- 5. Storming the Bastille ● Food shortages and high prices, rumours that the king would strike-back due to thousands of troops on the outskirts of the city – created crowds of Parisians. ● The crowds searched for ammunition and weapons. They stormed the Bastille suspected of containing tons of gunpowder. ● This was also a symbol of authority which had been destroyed and the king abandoned any hope of counter – revolution. ● Louis XVI went to Paris where he acknowledged the new revolutionary flag – the Tricolour. Late June
- 6. The Great Fear ● The king's authority would only be recognised by most towns if the National Assembly approved. ● By spring 1789, the peasants were revolting too, after poor harvests and high prices of bread they wanted change and thought the king would help them after the Cahiers. ● Rural protest included the looting of grain stores; chateaux commonly burnt down, also they destroyed the lists of peasant obligations. This became known as “The Great Fear”. Late July – August
- 7. The August Decrees ● Members of the Patriot Party (nobles and bourgeoisie who wanted political change) proposed serfdom to be banned. This was granted and it was stated that “The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely.” ● More changed were proposed in the excitement (e.g. equal taxes, abolition of all special privileges, and tithes payable to the church were abolished) and this signified the dismantling of the ancien regime. 5-11th August
- 8. The Declaration of Rights of Man and the Nationalisation of church land. ● The August decrees prepared the grounds for a constitution. Before this, thee Declaration was made which ensured man's freedom, rights, and power. ● As the government was facing a huge financial crisis, the church's (one of the largest land owners in the country) land was sold off and placed at the disposal of the nation. This brought in approx. 2000 million livres. ● Bonds (assignats) were sold, used to settle debts and accepted as currency. Royal land was also sold totalling 4000 million livres. 26th August / October and November
- 9. The October Days ● This was the Sans Culottes pushing the revolution in early October. A banquet for the king and queen led to the revolutionary cockade being trampled and the white Bourbon was toasted to. When people heard, and also considered the food shortages, they were in outrage. ● The women of Paris stormed the Communes and demanded bread, then marched to Versailles (with 20,000 National Guard) and invaded the Assembly. Louis was forced to provide grain and went back to Paris with them. October 4-6th
- 10. The October Days ● This was the Sans Culottes pushing the revolution in early October. A banquet for the king and queen led to the revolutionary cockade being trampled and the white Bourbon was toasted to. When people heard, and also considered the food shortages, they were in outrage. ● The women of Paris stormed the Communes and demanded bread, then marched to Versailles (with 20,000 National Guard) and invaded the Assembly. Louis was forced to provide grain and went back to Paris with them. October 4-6th