The French Revolution began in 1789 as the Third Estate demanded equal representation and rights. This led to the storming of the Bastille prison and the formation of a National Assembly. However, divisions grew between radicals, moderates, and conservatives. The Reign of Terror under Robespierre saw thousands executed before moderates gained power. Napoleon later seized control of France in 1799 and established himself as First Consul and later Emperor, seeking to spread French ideas across Europe through war. However, his failed invasion of Russia in 1812 and other mistakes weakened his empire. After being defeated at Waterloo in 1815, the Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the old monarchical order in Europe and prevent future revolutionary change.

1. Chapter 23
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
1789-1815
Section 1: The French Revolution Begins

2. The Old Order
• 1700s, France was world power
•

3. French Problems
• People not treated equally
• ________________________– System of
Feudalism

4. French Problems
• France divided into three social classes – Estates
•
•
•

5. French Division of Power
• First and Second Estate =_____ of population
• First and Second Estate owned ______ of land

6. Third Estate
• HUGE, 95% of population
• ____________ –
Merchants and skilled
workers with $
• ____________– Poor
workers
• ____________ – farm
workers, 80% of
population
• Paid a lot in taxes

7. Factors for Revolution
• 1)
• 2)
• 3)

8. The Forces of Change
• 1780s, France in deep debt
•
• Nobles forced a meeting of _________________,
assembly of three estates

9. Dawn of Revolution
• May 1789, meeting of Estates-General
•

10. Changes in voting
•
• Third estate wanted each delegate to have a vote
• The king, first and second estate did not agree
• Third estate was much larger

11. Third Estate meets
• June 1789, Third estate meets separately
•
• Claim to represent ALL THE PEOPLE

12. Tennis Court Oath
• ___________________was locked out of their
meeting
• Broke down the door to a tennis court
•

13. Rumors Fly
• King Louis tried to make peace
•
• Rumors that foreign soldiers were attacking scared
citizens

14. Bastille
• July 14 1789, an angry crowd storms the Bastille, a
French prison
•
• Also, symbol of abuse of monarchy

15. A Great Fear Sweeps
France
•
• Peasants burned nobles homes

16. “Let Them Eat Cake”
• 1789, mob of women went to king’s palace in
Versailles
•
• King ran away

17. The Assembly Reforms
France
• August 1789, National Assembly created the
____________________________________
• For months they worked on creating a new
government
•
• Even more unpopular

18. Divisions Develop
• 1791, new constitution took away most of king’s
power
• National Assembly was replaced after it created the
________________________

19. Legislative Assembly
• Radicals –
• Moderates –
• Conservatives –

20. Outside influences on the
Government
• Emigres –
• End Revolutionary ideas
• Sans-culottes –

21. War and Execution
• Foreign countries wanted to restore France to Louis
XVI
•

22. • Government took away king’s power
• 1792, radical group called ____________ took
control of National Convention – another new
government
• Louis XVI declared a common citizen
•

23. Terror Grips France
• ________________________– 1793, Leader of
France
• headed the Committee of Public Safety
•
• Reign of Terror -1793-1794
• Robespierre was put to death

24. Reign of Terror
• French people were tired of the killing and the unrest
•
• Moderate leaders drafted a new, less revolutionary
plan of government.

25. Chapter 23
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
1789-1815
Section 3: Napoleon Forges and Empire

26. Napoleon Bonaparte
•
• Military school at 9 yrs old
•
• 1795, led French soldiers against
royalists who attacked National
Convention
• Thought he was a savior

27. Napoleon Seizes Power
• 1799, Napoleon used troops
to overthrow unpopular
government –
•
• Napoleon became dictator

28. Napoleon Rules France
• Napoleon pretended to be elected leader
• 1800, ____________ – vote of the people
• Voted on new constitution
• Napoleon took power as ____________

29. Napoleon’s Changes
•
• Removed bad government workers
• ____________ – public schools
• Gave church some power
• Concordat – agreement with church
• Napoleonic Code –
_________________________________________
_____

30. Problems with Changes
• Took away rights won in Revolution
•
•

31. Napoleon in the New
World
• 1801, sent soldiers to take over ____________
•
• Napoleon gave up on the West
• Sold large piece of North America to US
• 1803, ________________________

32. Napoleon Creates an
Empire
• 1804, named himself
___________________
___
• Took control of
Netherlands, parts of
Italy and Switzerland
• Lost to Britain in Battle
of
___________________
___
• Could not conquer
Britain

33. Chapter 23
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
1789-1815
Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

34. Napoleon’s Mistakes
• Napoleon ________________________
• Made 3 costly Mistakes…

35. Mistake #1
British Blockade
• 1806, Napoleon wanted to crush Britain
•
• Continental System –

36. Mistake #1
Problem
• Some Europeans secretly bought British goods
•
• British navy was so strong, European economy
declined

37. Mistake #2
Brother KiNg of Spain
• 1808, Napoleon makes his ________________ the
King of Spain

38. Mistake #2
Problem
• People were loyal to king before Joseph
• Britain helped ____________ fighters
• Fought for 5 years
• Napoleon lost 300,000 troops in
_____________________

39. Mistake #3
Tried to Conquer Russia
• 1812, Napoleon entered Russia with 400,000+
soldiers

40. Mistake #3
Problem
•
• Burned fields and
killed animals so
French can starve to
death
• Napoleon was forced
to go back to France
• ____________soldie
rs remained

41. Napoleon’s Downfall
•
• Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden,
and Austria attacked France
together
• 1813, Napoleon lost a battle in
____________
• Exiled to island of Elba

42. Louis XVIII Takes Over
• ________________________ was not popular
• Brother of Louis XVI
• Was next to be king after Louis XVI’s son died

43. Guess Who’s Back?
• March 1815, ________________________, takes
power
• Europe gets together to fight Napoleon

44. Battle of Waterloo
• 1815, Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon in the
battle of Waterloo
• This ended Napoleon’s last reign called the
________________________
• Napoleon exiled to small island far away
• Died in 1821

45. Chapter 23
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
1789-1815
Section 5: Congress of Vienna

46. Metternich’s Plan for
Europe
• ____________________–
Meetings to restore order to
Europe
• Klemens von Metternich –

47. Metternich’s 3 Goals
• 1) Make sure France ________________________
• Strengthened small nations surrounding France
• 2) ________________________in Europe – No
country becomes a threat to the others
• Maintain some French possessions
• 3) Legitimacy- ________________________

48. Political Changes Beyond
Vienna
• Countries were nervous after French Revolution
• 1815, Czar Alexander, Emperor Francis I of Austria,
and King Frederick William III of Prussia formed the
________________________
• Series of other alliances called
________________________
• Would help each other in case of Revolution

49. Conservatives took power
• __________________ – opposed ideas of
Revolution
•
• Did not encourage individual liberties
• Did not want equal rights

50. Revolutionary ideas
• Some did support Revolution
• Spanish colonies fought for freedom against
Spanish King
• Soon revolutions would
________________________