1) The Scientific Revolution of the 16th-17th centuries saw a shift from the Ptolemaic view of Earth as the center of the universe to the Copernican model that placed the Sun at the center. Scientists like Galileo Galilei used new tools like the telescope to make careful observations. 2) The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that promoted reason and the scientific method over tradition and faith. Philosophers like John Locke argued people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. In France, philosophes like Voltaire advocated for tolerance and freedom of expression. 3) Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe in the 1700s. Monarchs like Frederick the Great and Joseph

1. S E C T I O N 1 :
T H E S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789

2. Roots of Modern Science
 Mid-1500s, ____________- careful observation of
the world

 Facilitated by European exploration

3. A Revolutionary Model of the Universe
 ____________- Earth is the center of the universe
 ____________– Planets revolved around Sun

4. ________________________
 Scientist
 Made 1st telescope to study
planets
 Church took him to court

5. Scientific Method


6. Newton Explains the Law of Gravity
 ____________ described the law of gravity
 showed that the same force affected the motion of planets and
things on Earth

7. Changes in Science/Medicine

 Learned that the Heart pumps blood


8. S E C T I O N 2 :
T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T I N E U R O P E
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789

9. Two Views on Government
 ____________ – Intellectual movement
 Use reason and scientific method

10. Thomas Hobbes
 ____________= war “every man against every
man”
 ____________– Agreement where people give up right to
government to live safely
 Believed; best government = ________________________

11. John Locke
 People had 3 natural rights:
____________________________________
 Government must protect those rights


12. The Philosophes Advocate Reason
____________ – Social Critics in France
 5 main beliefs
 Find truth using reason

 Acting according to nature brings happiness
 Using scientific view can make life better


13. ____________
 Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of
religious belief, and freedom of speech

14. ________________________
 French writer concerned with government and
political liberty
 Wrote about separation of powers among different parts of
government

15. ________________________
 Enlightenment thinker who promoted freedom
 Believed all people are equal

16. Women and the Enlightenment
 Enlightenment ideas were for men
 ________________________– Author who
wrote about women’s rights

17. Legacy of the Enlightenment
 Influenced American and French Revolutions

 Use reason to make society better

 Importance of individuality

18. S E C T I O N 3 :
T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T S P R E A D S
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789

19. A World of Ideas
 1700’s, Paris was cultural center of Europe
 ____________ – Social gatherings for discussing ideas or
art
 ____________ – huge set of books with info about
the known world
 Banned by church
 They later changed their minds
 Helped spread ideas

20. Old Artistic Styles
 ____________ – grand, ornate style
 Detailed, expensive

21. New Artistic Styles
 Enlightenment ideas of order and reason

 Borrowed ideas from ________________________
 Style called ____________

22. Music
 Classical Music comes from 1700’s
 Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig
von Beethoven

• New types: sonata and symphony

23. Literature
 New style called Novel - _____________________

24. Enlightenment and Monarchy
 Most of Europe ruled by Absolute Monarchs
 ________________________– Ruler who
supported Enlightenment but not give up power
 Rulers respected people’s rights

25. Fredrick the Great of Prussia
 Religious freedom

 Reformed Justice system


26. Joseph II of Austria

 Once he died, the nobles who owned the lands were
able to undo this reform

27. Catherine the Great of Russia
 Tried to reform laws
 Met with resistance
 Tried to end serfdom
 Bloody peasant rebellion
changed her mind

 Gained new land

28. S E C T I O N 4 :
T H E A M E R I C A N R E V O L U T I O N
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789

29. Britain and Its American Colonies
 Population:
 1700:
 1770:
 Colonies accounted for
____________

30. Self-Government
 Colonies began feeling
independent


 British Parliament
passed strict laws to
control colonies



31. NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
 French and Indian war was expensive
 Stamp Act: ________________________
 Colonists upset because they were NOT represented in
parliament

32. Boycott British Goods
 1765, Colonists boycott
British goods

 Parliament imposed more
taxes
 Led to protests

 Threw $1 Million in tea in to
Boston Harbor

33. Americans go to War
 Boston Tea party angered Great Britain

 Colonies create an Army: Continental Army
 General: ________________________

34. Declaration of Independence
 ________________________wrote Declaration
of Independence July 4, 1776
 Based on ________________________

35. American Revolution
 1775-1781 British fought Americans in North
America
 Colonists had:


 Great Britain was one of the most powerful nations in the
world

36. Americans Win Independence
 British grew tired of the cost of war

 1783, Treaty of Paris : _____________________

37. Americans Create a Republic
 13 colonies became 13 states
 Government: Articles of Confederation



38. 1787, The Constitution
 Many Enlightenment ideas



 Each branch of government limits the power of the others

39. The Constitution
 ____________: power is divided between national
and state governments

40. The Constitution
 ____________:
First ten amendments
to the constitution
 ____________: Put
power in the people’s
hands
 ____________: Protect
freedom of speech and
religion
 ____________: Fair
justice system