This document provides an introduction to Western civilization, covering the foundations of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Israel and Judaism, the Greeks, and the Romans. It discusses the major cultures and civilizations that emerged in the Fertile Crescent, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. It also covers the origins and literature of Ancient Israel and Judaism, important figures like Moses, and the Torah. For Ancient Greece, it summarizes the developments in architecture, art, drama, philosophy, and politics, highlighting figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It concludes with an overview of Roman architecture, engineering projects, and representative government.

1. Introduction to Western Civilization IS-VNU Mr. Mike Beard Session 1 Foundations of Western Civilization – Part 1

2. Introduction to Western Civilization Foundations of Western Civilization The Ancient Near East Ancient Israel and Judaism The Greeks and Romans

3. The Ancient Near East

4. The Ancient Near East The Fertile Crescent

5. The Ancient Near East Mesopotamia Greek meaning: “The Land Between 2 Rivers” area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Located in Modern-day Iraq and Turkey Early Mesopotamian Cultures Sumer Akkad Babylon Assyria

6. The Ancient Near East The Mediterranean Sea Trade Exchange of ideas, art and culture

7. The Ancient Near East Göbekli Tepe Discovered in 1994 Oldest known man-made structure 10,000 B.C. Ancient Temple Changes current theories about civilization

8. The Ancient Near East Göbekli Tepe During the time of hunter-gatherers Previous view: settlements then religion New view: religion then settlements

9. The Ancient Near East Sumerian Writing Cuneiform: 1st Western Writing System About 3300 B.C.E. Written on clay tablets using a reed stylus

10. The Ancient Near East Babylonian Written Law Hammurabi - 6 th King of Babylon First Written Code of Law

11. The Ancient Near East Mesopotamian Architecture Ziggurat Ancient Temple complex Built by Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians

12. The Ancient Near East Mesopotamian Art Carved Stone Bronze

13. The Ancient Near East Literature & Mythology Creation Myths Enûma Eliš > Creation was the result of a battle between Marduk and Tiamat > Humans created to serve the gods

14. The Ancient Near East Literature & Mythology The Epic of Gilgamesh Story of a king who tried to find immortality Flood account Epic of Gilgamesh - Tablet 11

15. The Ancient Near East Sumerian Writing and Stories Video

16. Ancient Israel and Judaism Patriarch of Israel is Abraham Abraham promised to become a Great Nation Abraham's son Isaac receives this promise as well Abraham and the Angels, Rembrandt 1630

17. Ancient Israel and Judaism Isaac has a son – Jacob Jacob's name is changed to Israel after he wrestles with God Jacob's 12 sons form the 12 Tribes of Israel Jacob Wrestling with the Angel, Eugène Delacroix (1861)

18. Ancient Israel and Judaism Israel spends 400 years in Egypt as Slaves

19. Ancient Israel and Judaism Moses called to free Israel from Egypt After 10 Plagues Pharaoh releases Israel Israel crosses the Red Sea and wanders for 40 years Moses And The Burning Bush Byzantine Mosaic Catherine's Monastery

20. Ancient Israel and Judaism Under Joshua's leadership, Israel conquers Canaan After Joshua, Israel is ruled by Judges Saul becomes the 1 st king of Israel David become king Solomon builds the Temple in Jerusalem

21. Ancient Israel and Judaism Literature – The Torah Moses Traditionally ascribed to be the Author First 5 Books of the Jewish Bible / Christian Old Testament Genres include: Narrative History, Law, Poetry Moses , Michelangelo, 1513-1515

22. Ancient Israel and Judaism The Torah – Creation Video of Genesis 1

23. Ancient Israel and Judaism The Torah – The Exodus Video of Exodus Story

24. Ancient Greece Architecture Stone Columns Doric Ionic Corinthian The Parthenon in Athens

25. Ancient Greece Art: Statues Realistic Mythological subjects Laocoon and His Sons

26. Ancient Greece Art: Statues Religious Statues of the gods used in temples Zeus or Poseidon

27. Ancient Greece Art: Statues Statues to celebrate important events like the Olympics Discus Thrower

28. Ancient Greece Art: Statues Statues to honor important people Homer Socrates

29. Ancient Greece Literature: Homer Epic Poem Set in the Trojan War Tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles. The Iliad

30. Ancient Greece Literature: Homer Epic poem Greek hero Odysseus' long journey home following the fall of Troy. It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War. The Odyssey

31. Ancient Greece Drama Drama or the Theatre grew out of ritual practices celebrating the god Dionysos Athens is believed to be the birthplace of the theatre 600 BC, formal lyrics for the dithyramb were written. Thespis of Attica added an actor who interacted with the chorus

32. Ancient Greece Drama: Tragedy Not just a sad ending Meant to teach a moral lesson Oedipus Rex by Sophocles

33. Ancient Greece Drama: Comedy Characters are exaggerated stereotypes Laughable people - some kind of blunder or ugliness which does not cause pain or disaster Aristophanes

34. Ancient Greece Philosophy

35. Ancient Greece Philosophy The Great Western Philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Socrates Aristotle Plato

36. Ancient Greece Philosophy Socrates The Socratic Method Teaching through a series of questions Sentenced to death for Atheism and corrupting the youth of Athens The Death of Socrates , Jaques-Louis David (1787)

37. Ancient Greece Philosophy Plato Student of Socrates Philosophical Dialogues Founded The Academy in Athens Believe that Reality exists in the realm of Ideas or Forms

38. Ancient Greece Philosophy Plato's Cave

39. Ancient Greece Philosophy Aristotle Student of Plato Multiple Disciplines Practical Ethics – Better to do good than know good Rejected Plato's theory of forms Developed the 1 st formalized system of logic

40. Ancient Greece Politics Alexander the Great Student of Aristotle Implemented Aristotle's Political Ideas Conquered Persian Empire After removing Persians from power in Egypt, he order the city of Alexandria to be built in Egypt. Spread Greek culture around ANE

41. The Romans The Legend of Romulus and Remus Video

42. The Romans Architecture

43. The Romans Architecture

44. The Romans Architecture

45. The Romans Architecture: Apartments

46. The Romans Architecture

47. The Romans Architecture

48. The Romans Architecture

49. The Romans Architecture

50. The Romans Architecture

51. The Romans Architecture

52. The Romans Architecture

53. The Romans Engineering: Arches and Aqueducts

54. The Romans Engineering: Concrete and Paved Roads

55. The Romans Representative Government