The fertile crescent
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The document provides an overview of the history and peoples of the Fertile Crescent region, beginning with the Sumerians who settled in Mesopotamia around 3300 BC and established irrigation systems and city-states. Various groups like the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, and Persians rose to power in the region over time, developing systems of government, religion, trade, and innovations like writing and currency. The Hebrews originated in Canaan and their scriptures tell the story of their origins with Abraham and Moses leading them out of slavery in Egypt to establish a kingdom in Israel.
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The document provides background information on early civilizations that developed around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia. It discusses the Sumerian civilization that emerged around 3500 BC and was composed of independent city-states like Ur and Uruk. It also describes how later empires like the Akkadians, Amorites, Hittites, Assyrians and Chaldeans conquered and united the region at different points in history. The document highlights the civilizations' advances in irrigation, writing systems, legal codes, and religious practices that influenced later societies in the region.
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Assyria began as a small trading community in northern Mesopotamia centered around the city of Ashur. Over time, it grew into a powerful empire that came to dominate the Near East between 900-600 BCE. The Assyrian Empire was built on a strong professional army that utilized advanced weapons like iron and innovative siege tactics. Notable Assyrian kings include Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, and Sennacherib who expanded the empire through ruthless military campaigns. Major Assyrian cities included Ashur, the original capital, and Nineveh, home to the royal palaces and a famous library containing cuneiform tablets documenting Mesopotamian civilization. The Assy
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This document provides an overview of early civilizations that developed along major river valleys, focusing on Mesopotamia. It describes the geography of the Fertile Crescent region and how the unpredictable Tigris and Euphrates rivers led people to develop irrigation, bricks, and trade. City-states emerged, initially led by priests but later also by military leaders. Cultural diffusion increased as Sumerian cities prospered. Constant warfare weakened city-states, leading to the rise of empires like Akkad and Babylonia under rulers like Sargon and Hammurabi, who developed one of history's first legal codes.
Sumer civilization
The Sumer civilization thrived in ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the first civilization to develop systems of writing, government, religion, economic classes, advanced architecture like ziggurats, science, arts, and literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Sumerians invented innovations like the wheel, plow, calendar, bronze metallurgy, silver currency, and the first written legal code. However, rivalry among Sumerian city-states led to decline, and the Akkadian Empire later conquered and unified the region under rulers like Sargon I.
Akkadians
The Akkadian Empire was centered in the city of Akkad in Mesopotamia, reaching its height between 2400-2200 BC under King Sargon of Akkad. Sargon conquered surrounding regions and established an empire stretching from the Mediterranean to Persia. However, within 100 years the empire collapsed due to invasion by Gutian tribes from the northeast as the region experienced a severe drought.
Mesopotamia ppt1
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. It was ruled successively by four empires from 3500 BC to 600 BC and was the first to develop many innovations including writing, the wheel, and agriculture. Mesopotamian cities were built around temples and were supported by surplus food from irrigated farming. Writing allowed the Mesopotamians to keep records, communicate, and pass down their knowledge through stories like the Epic of Gilgamesh.
The Assyrians and Babylon
The Assyrian Empire arose in Mesopotamia around 900 BC and built a vast empire through their powerful military. They had a well-organized army and government that divided the empire into provinces. The Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon into an imperial city and led the Chaldean Empire, which controlled much of the Middle East from 606 to 536 BC. Babylon was a massive city with walls, palaces, and the Hanging Gardens, making it the richest city in the world at the time. The Persian Empire conquered Babylon in 539 BC, ending Chaldean rule.
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Sumer civilization
The Sumer civilization thrived in ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the first civilization to develop systems of writing, government, religion, economic classes, advanced architecture like ziggurats, science, arts, and literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Sumerians invented innovations like the wheel, plow, calendar, bronze metallurgy, silver currency, and the first written legal code. However, rivalry among Sumerian city-states led to decline, and the Akkadian Empire later conquered and unified the region under rulers like Sargon I.
Akkadians
The Akkadian Empire was centered in the city of Akkad in Mesopotamia, reaching its height between 2400-2200 BC under King Sargon of Akkad. Sargon conquered surrounding regions and established an empire stretching from the Mediterranean to Persia. However, within 100 years the empire collapsed due to invasion by Gutian tribes from the northeast as the region experienced a severe drought.
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The Assyrians and Babylon
The Assyrian Empire arose in Mesopotamia around 900 BC and built a vast empire through their powerful military. They had a well-organized army and government that divided the empire into provinces. The Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon into an imperial city and led the Chaldean Empire, which controlled much of the Middle East from 606 to 536 BC. Babylon was a massive city with walls, palaces, and the Hanging Gardens, making it the richest city in the world at the time. The Persian Empire conquered Babylon in 539 BC, ending Chaldean rule.
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Sumer civilization (2)
The Sumerian civilization originated in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq around 5500 BC. Mesopotamia was a fertile region where many city-states developed, including Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash and Kish. The Sumerians made advances in writing, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture and engineering, developing irrigation systems, the wheel, plow and the world's first codified legal and administrative systems. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states drained Sumer's strength and it was eventually conquered by the Babylonians in 1759 BC, marking the end of the Sumerian civilization.
Babylonia civilization
The Babylonian civilization developed around 2100 BC in the city of Babylon under the rule of King Hammurabi. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi, which was inscribed on a stone tablet and established laws and punishments applicable to all social classes. The Code aimed to provide justice and protect the poor, widows, orphans, and laborers. Hammurabi also proved to be a capable administrator, as evidenced by clay tablets containing orders to his officers regarding tasks like collecting taxes, clearing rivers, and attending festivals. However, after Hammurabi's death, the Babylonian empire declined due to weak successors and was eventually plundered by outside forces like the H
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The Sumerian civilization originated in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq around 5500 BC. Mesopotamia was a fertile region where many city-states developed, including Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash and Kish. The Sumerians made advances in writing, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture and engineering, developing irrigation systems, the wheel, plow and the world's first codified legal and administrative systems. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states drained Sumer's strength and it was eventually conquered by the Babylonians in 1759 BC, marking the end of the Sumerian civilization.
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The Babylonian civilization developed around 2100 BC in the city of Babylon under the rule of King Hammurabi. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi, which was inscribed on a stone tablet and established laws and punishments applicable to all social classes. The Code aimed to provide justice and protect the poor, widows, orphans, and laborers. Hammurabi also proved to be a capable administrator, as evidenced by clay tablets containing orders to his officers regarding tasks like collecting taxes, clearing rivers, and attending festivals. However, after Hammurabi's death, the Babylonian empire declined due to weak successors and was eventually plundered by outside forces like the H
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The Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC and formed 12 city-states by 3000 BC. Each city-state was independently governed but most came to be ruled by kings by 2700 BC. The Sumerians developed cuneiform writing, a calendar, innovations like the wheel and arch, and had a patriarchal society where men exercised authority over women. Their economy was based on agriculture and trade. They also established one of the earliest empires in Mesopotamia under Sargon I and the later Babylonian Empire under Hammurabi issued one of the earliest legal codes.
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The document summarizes the history and culture of Mesopotamia. It was divided into five periods from Sumer to the Persian conquest. Each city/state was initially independently governed by priests, but later large empires formed under military rulers. Mesopotamian society was stratified with kings, priests, nobles, traders, farmers, and slaves. Their economy was based on irrigated agriculture and stock farming, which led to the development of crafts, trade, and money. Culturally, they invented the cuneiform writing system and made advances in mathematics, astronomy, law, and art.
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The document summarizes why the Assyrians were great warriors around 900 BCE. It explains that their geography in a fertile valley near the Tigris River forced them to defend themselves, making them well-organized. As warriors, the Assyrians had advanced siege weapons and tactics like battering rams and tunneling to take cities. They also had new, strong weapons like iron which gave them military advantages over enemies. The Assyrian empire grew very large through conquest but this also made it difficult to govern and control, contributing to its eventual fall as enemies united against it.
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We covered Origin,Geography and Timeline of Mesopotamia.There were many civilization in Mesopotamia but we only covered Sumerian Civilization because it had been told to us by our faculty.I hope you guys like this!
Babylonian Civilization
The document discusses the ancient Babylonian civilization and the city of Babylon. It describes how Babylon was the capital city located along the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Under King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC, Babylon became the dominant city-state in the region and established itself as a powerful empire. Key aspects of ancient Babylon discussed include the city walls, temples, ziggurats, and other impressive architectural feats such as the Hanging Gardens, built later under King Nebuchadnezzar II.
Sumerian civilization
The Sumerian civilization arose around 4500-4000 BC in the fertile crescent region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia. Sumerian society was composed of independent city-states like Ur and Kish that were ruled by kings with both governmental and religious powers, forming a theocratic system. Farming was central to their economy and they developed innovations like the wheel, lunar calendar, and a base-60 number system. Religion was important in Sumerian culture and each city had its own patron deity housed in a ziggurat temple.
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The document provides an overview of the Fertile Crescent region located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the early civilizations that emerged there, including the Sumerians around 3200 BC. Key aspects of society, government, religion, and cultural developments in Mesopotamia are summarized, such as the use of cuneiform writing and the later influence of empires like Babylon, Assyria, and Persia in the region.
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Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. People first settled there due to natural levees along the rivers that protected against floods while enabling irrigation. Several successive civilizations arose in Mesopotamia over 3000 years, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations developed systems of writing like cuneiform, advanced mathematics, the wheel, and organized religion centered around temples. Though Mesopotamia faced environmental challenges like flooding and lack of resources, its civilizations left lasting legacies as the cradle of modern civilization.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations due to its fertile soil. Sumerians settled here as early as 3500 BCE, developing irrigation techniques, a writing system called cuneiform, the wheel, and the concept of cities and kingship. Later civilizations like the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians expanded on these innovations and unified the region at different points in time. The Code of Hammurabi established some of the first written laws. Mesopotamian religions and the Epic of Gilgamesh also influenced later cultures in the region and beyond.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations beginning around 3500 BCE. It had a favorable environment for agriculture due to natural levees and floodplains created by seasonal flooding. Mesopotamian civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians developed systems of irrigation, law, writing, mathematics, and organized religion centered around gods like Ishtar and Enki. Writing began as pictograms and evolved into the cuneiform script, while legal codes like Hammurabi's established early systems of law.
1 meso group pp
This document provides background information on several early civilizations that originated in Mesopotamia and the surrounding regions between 3500 BCE and 100 BCE. It summarizes that the Sumerians established the first cities in Mesopotamia and developed cuneiform writing and the wheel. The Babylonians later conquered the Sumerians and made advances in law, astronomy, and astrology under King Hammurabi. Subsequent groups like the Assyrians, Phoenicians, Persians, and Hebrews adopted and expanded upon the cultural and technological foundations laid by earlier Mesopotamian societies.
Mesopotamian Groups Chart with Pictures
This document provides an overview of several early civilizations that emerged in Mesopotamia between 3000 BC and 100 BC, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, Phoenicians, Lydians, and Hebrews/Jews. It describes their origins, locations, cultures, religions, innovations, and important leaders. Key developments discussed include the Sumerians inventing cuneiform writing and innovations like the plow, wheel, and ziggurat temples. The document also outlines the Babylonian code of Hammurabi, Assyrian and Persian empires, Phoenician trade routes, and foundations of Judaism under Moses and the Torah
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was located on a mountainous peninsula in Europe surrounded by seas. The geography divided the land into small regions and isolated communities, preventing a unified government. Instead, independent city-states developed like Athens and Sparta. Athens developed a direct democracy while Sparta focused on strict military training. These city-states were later united against the Persian Empire in the Greco-Persian wars, resulting in key battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. During the Golden Age of Greece under Pericles, Athens grew powerful and advanced art, architecture, drama, and philosophy flourished. However, tensions later erupted into the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta.
Chapter Three.pptx
The document summarizes the emergence and development of early states in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa from ancient times until the 13th century CE. It discusses:
- The earliest recorded state of Punt located in northern Somalia or northern Ethiopia, known from Egyptian texts between 2500-1500 BCE.
- Other early cultural centers that emerged like Da'amat and Yeha in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea between 1000-500 BCE.
- The rise of the powerful Aksumite state between 200 BCE-700 CE, which dominated trade routes in the Red Sea region and had territories extending across modern-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, and South Arabia.
- The Zagwe
chapterthree- 230111135935-e281b6d9.pdf
The document summarizes the emergence and development of early states in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa from prehistoric times up until the 13th century CE. It discusses:
- The factors that led to the formation of early states like the beginning of sedentary agriculture and increased trade.
- Ancient states that emerged including Punt, the kingdom of Da'amat, cultural centers in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea like Yeha, and the powerful Aksumite state that dominated trade routes.
- The Zagwe dynasty that ruled after the decline of Aksum and was known for constructing elaborate rock-hewn churches like those at Lalibela.
- How the Aksumite civilization influenced
Ancient Middle East 1
The document discusses the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Phoenicians, Hebrews, and others. It provides details on their societies, religions, achievements, and influences. Key figures mentioned include Gilgamesh, Hammurabi, Darius, and Moses. The document also suggests that regional flood stories like those in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Bible may have been inspired by catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea around 5600 BC.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. Sumerians settled there around 3500 BCE and developed innovations like irrigation systems, the wheel, writing in the form of cuneiform script, and the concept of cities with religious temples called ziggurats. Subsequent civilizations like the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians expanded on these foundations, with the Babylonians instituting an influential legal code under King Hammurabi. Though power shifted between groups, Mesopotamia represented the birthplace of many cultural advances that shaped later societies.
Near east
The document summarizes ancient Near Eastern history from the earliest permanent settlements like Jericho in 8000 BCE to the rise and fall of empires like Assyria, Babylon, and Persia. It describes the development of agriculture, cities, writing, and art in Mesopotamia. Key points include the invention of cuneiform writing in Sumerian cities like Uruk in 3500 BCE, Hammurabi's law code in Babylon in 1780 BCE, and the impressive architecture at sites like Persepolis built by the Persians in 515 BCE.
Southwest-Asia-civilization.Ancient History.ppt
1. The earliest civilizations arose around 3000 BC in the Fertile Crescent region of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Sumerians established the first cities and developed writing, specialized jobs, government, and other traits that define civilization.
2. The Babylonian king Hammurabi established one of the first written legal codes around 1750 BC to help govern his expanding empire.
3. Later empires that rose in the region include the Phoenicians, who developed the first alphabet, the Assyrians, who utilized new iron weapons and military tactics, and the Persians, who built a large tolerant empire connected by an extensive royal road
Mesopotalia and the Near East: The Roots of Western Culture
The document provides an overview of Mesopotamian civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, including the development of agriculture, writing, cities, and social stratification. Key points include the domestication of plants and animals in the Fertile Crescent starting 9000 BC, the growth of cities like Uruk and Eridu with temples and irrigation systems between 5000-3000 BC, and the development of cuneiform writing out of clay token accounting systems by 3100 BC.
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Mesopotalia and the Near East: The Roots of Western Culture
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The document describes a classroom activity where students play a game of rock-paper-scissors to win candy, representing a capitalist system. A few students win most of the candy while most students lose all their candy quickly. This leads to a discussion of Karl Marx's communist theory and how it relates to the unequal outcomes of the game. The teacher then collects and redistributes the candy equally, representing a transition to socialism. The document uses this game to explain key concepts of Marxism such as the class struggle under capitalism and how socialism and communism aim for more economic equality.
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Pirates were often depicted inaccurately in movies and stories. In reality, they rarely buried treasure, swung between ships, or made people walk the plank. While some pirates like Blackbeard were truly fearsome, most lost limbs in battles and did not have hooks for hands. Pirates democratically elected captains and signed contracts detailing shares of plunder. Some women also took up piracy, dressing and fighting as men.
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The fertile crescent
- 6. Sumerians!
- 15. Cuneiform Arches, columns, ramps, pyramid shape design Dev number system base 60 (time, 360) Invented wheel, plow, sail and use bronze Inventions & ideas develop from needs!!
- 17. Akkadians
- 19. AKKAD
- 45. Darius
- 50. Hebrews, Israel and Judaism