The document provides an overview of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Christianity. It discusses key ideas such as: - Stoicism emphasized rationalism and rejecting emotions. Stoics believed nature is governed by rational principles. - Epicureanism believed in atomism and that death meant the cessation of existence. Epicureans sought to enjoy life and avoid pain through moderation. - Christianity built upon Jewish foundations of monotheism and the idea that humans are created in God's image. It taught that evil came from disbelief and disobedience to God. Jesus emphasized internal transformation and loving one's enemies.

1. Introduction to Philosophy IS-VNU Mr. Mike Lecture 4