The Beginnings of Ancient Rome About 750 B.C., the villages joined together to form a city called Rome. It was ruled by kings for more than 200 years. Eventually, Rome became a republic, and the people elected representatives. These representatives formed the Senate, Rome's most powerful body of government
The Beginnings of Ancient Rome About 750 B.C., the villages joined together to form a city called Rome. It was ruled by kings for more than 200 years. Eventually, Rome became a republic, and the people elected representatives. These representatives formed the Senate, Rome's most powerful body of government
Brief history of Ancient Greece 3650 BC to 146 BC. It includes the early civilizations, the Greek dark ages, Archaic Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece.
A presentation of the Persian Empire, suitable for Year 9 students, consisting in following: zoroastrianism, Persian dynasties, famous kings, type of government, Xerxes, world first human rights charter, first vertical axis windmill.
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BCE to 300 BCE.
Brief history of Ancient Greece 3650 BC to 146 BC. It includes the early civilizations, the Greek dark ages, Archaic Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece.
A presentation of the Persian Empire, suitable for Year 9 students, consisting in following: zoroastrianism, Persian dynasties, famous kings, type of government, Xerxes, world first human rights charter, first vertical axis windmill.
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BCE to 300 BCE.
This PowerPoint presentation on Egypt was made by a student of our school under an activity titled ' Know Thy World'. This activity was an initiative undertaken by the British Council. It helped us to know about the culture an tradition of Egypt
The diet of our precursors was represented by plants and animals. This is to satisfy (still) human needs in proteins and lipids of about 1g / kg body weight each and about 100 grams of carbohydrates per day….
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
3. Located in southeastern Europe, Greece is defined by a series of mountains and
surrounded on all sides except the north by water.
4. The Mediterranean Sea
moderates Greece's
climate, cooling the air in
summer and providing
warmth in the winter
months. Summers are
generally hot and dry.
Winters are moderate and
rainy in coastal regions and
cold and snowy in
mountainous areas.
6. GREEK CIVILIZATION: ORIGINS
• The Greek civilization
started in the Balkan
Peninsula, but some
Greeks lived in islands
and in Asia Minor
(Turkey)
• They started to live
together in city-states or
polis, which had its own
government, laws and
army. Athens and Sparta
were important city-
states.
7. GREEK HISTORY: AN OVERVIEW
Greek CIVILIZATION started around 2000 B.C. By 1600 B.C., the
Greek people had built fortified cities in the major valleys and
many people were educated. Greece then had several wars,
including the Trojan War around 1200 B.C., which threw them into
what is known as the Dark Age.
During the DARK AGE, knowledge of writing was lost and most
people lived in isolated villages. The Dark Age ended in about 800
B.C when the Greeks started to write again with an alphabet
based on that of the Phoenicians.
Around 477 B.C., two city-states, ATHENS AND SPARTA,
became the dominant powers in that region and constantly fought
each other for power. Greece had its GOLDEN AGE in Athens
around 477 - 431 B.C.
8. In 334 B.C., ALEXANDER THE GREAT, leader
of the country of Macedonia to the north,
conquered the Greeks and started what is called
the HELLENISTIC AGE. Greece unwillingly
remained under Macedonian control until the
Romans conquered both Macedonia and Greece
around 140 B.C.
Greece became part of the eastern or
BYZANTINE EMPIRE and Greek literature
became the basis for learning in Byzantine
institutions, especially in Constantinople, its
capital. When Constantinople was destroyed by
the Turks in 1453 A.D., the Greek literature
stored there spread to the rest of Europe and
helped start the RENAISSANCE.
10. Only 20-30% of ancient Greece’s land was arable. The most important
crops were olives, grapes, and barley.
11. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS were those of a simple,
self-sufficient agricultural system.
CROPS: The Greeks used OLIVES for eating and
to make olive oil, used for cooking and as a lubricant.
They made wine from GRAPES. The common drink of everyone was a
mixture of wine and water. Even children drank it. Dionysius, the
mythological god of the vine, oversaw and blessed everything having to do
with growing grapes and making wine.
BARLEY was used to make bread and was a staple
part of the Greek diet. Demeter was the mythological
goddess of grain.
LIVESTOCK: The ancient Greeks kept CHICKENS,
PIGS, SHEEP, and GOATS (for milk and meat).
They would only eat the meat of animals who had
been sacrificed in the name of a god.
Generally, they did not eat a lot of meat, but instead depended
upon FISH and LEGUMES (beans, chickpeas, and lentils) for protein.
13. The POLIS (city-state) consisted of a city and its surrounding plains and
valleys. The nucleus of the polis was the elevated, fortified site called the
ACROPOLIS where people could take refuge from attack. With the revival
of commerce, a TRADING CENTER developed below the acropolis
15. • The Greeks were POLYTHEISTIC and did not all worship the same gods.
• Some small villages worshiped the main gods and their own village gods.
• There were hundreds of Greek gods (perhaps around 1,000). Some of the
most famous gods were Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Poseidon,
Aphrodite, Athena, Demeter, Hermes, Ares, and Hades.
• ZEUS surpassed all other gods in spirit, wisdom and justice and his wife
HERA was the queen of the gods.
16. SACRIFICES to please the gods were a major part of every Greek's
religion. Most gods preferred an animal sacrifice -- generally a
DOMESTICATED ANIMAL like a chicken, goat or cow.
When an animal was sacrificed, it was burned on top of an altar. After
it was fully cooked, it had to be EATEN ON THE SPOT -- usually
before nightfall. These sacrifices were the property of the god, and had
to be eaten in his presence.
This was especially important because the ancient Greeks believed
that the god's spirit was within the animal sacrificed, and by eating the
animal, the worshippers CONSUMED HIS POWER. In this way, they
strengthened the connection between man and god.
18. The daily diet included CEREALS (like wheat and barley), GRAPES, and
OLIVES -- commonly called the MEDITERRANEAN TRIAD.
The Greeks typically made grapes into WINE and olives into OLIVE OIL, so they
would keep without refrigeration. Grains and cereals were commonly used for
BREAD and PORRIDGE.
Diets were supplemented with VEGETABLES and HERBS from kitchen gardens
as well as BERRIES, and MUSHROOMS. The poor usually ate FISH, while
oysters, sea urchins, octopus, and eels were considered DELICACIES and only
eaten by the wealthy.
19. BREAD in ancient Greece was a very important part of the daily diet. At first all
breads were prepared in the embers of a fire. Eventually the Greeks developed a
bread OVEN that is similar in function to the ovens we use today. Because they
required less wood or charcoal (which was expensive), these ovens made bread
AVAILABLE TO ALMOST EVERYONE.
The most common type of bread in Greece was called MAZA which was a flat
bread made from barley flour. Most meals consisted of maza and some sort of
accompaniment to the bread called OPSON. This might be vegetables, fish, olives,
onions, garlic, fruit, and on a rare occasion, meat.
20. MEN did most of the hard,
muscle power jobs such as
PLOWING AND REAPING.
The WOMEN SOWED SEED,
WEEDED THE FIELDS and
TENDED THE HOUSEHOLD and
CHILDREN. Women might also
grow SMALL GARDENS around
the house with vegetables and
beans. Women might also bring
in extra income for the farm with
a CRAFT TRADE such as
weaving that they might sell at a
market.
21. Farmers had to give a SMALL PORTION of their crops to the gods
as a SACRIFICE and to the city-state for TAXES. This left the
farmers with just enough to feed their families.
The land was divided very precisely. Each household in a polis
was given a plot of land. This plot would be handed down to the
children. If the farmer could not pay his land taxes; a WEALTHIER
LAND OWNER COULD TAKE IT and pay the debt for the farmer.
Many aristocrats built their wealth this way.
22. • GREEK WOMEN: Greek women had very LITTLE FREEDOM outside the
home. They could attend weddings, funerals, some religious festivals, and
could visit female neighbors for brief periods of time.
• In their homes, Greek women were in charge. Their job was to RUN THE
HOUSE AND TO BEAR CHILDREN.
• Most Greek women themselves as most households had slaves. DID NOT
DO HOUSEWORK
• FEMALE SLAVES cooked, cleaned, and worked in the fields.
• MALE SLAVES watched the door to make sure no one came in when the
man of the house was away, except for female neighbors, and acted as
tutors to the young male children
• Wives and daughters were NOT ALLOWED TO WATCH THE OLYMPIC
GAMES as the participants in the games did not wear clothes.
23. • GREEK HOUSING: Citizens wanted to
live within the CITY because it was the
CENTER OF CIVIC LIFE. They built
private houses along NARROW
STREETS; crowded up against one
another
• Unlike the luxurious public buildings,
houses were built in a simple manner.
They were made up of TWO OR THREE
ROOMS, around an open air
COURTYARD and were made of
STONE, WOOD, OR CLAY BRICKS.
• LARGER HOMES might also have a
KITCHEN, a ROOM FOR BATHING, a
MEN’S DINING ROOM, and perhaps a
WOMAN’S SITTING AREA.
• MEN spent most of the time in the Agora
or abroad - only returning home to EAT
AND SLEEP.
• WOMEN were SEGREGATED in their
own quarters - on the ground floor or
second level of a two storey home
24. • GREEK CLOTHING: Greek clothing
was very SIMPLE.
• Men and women wore LINEN IN THE
SUMMER and WOOL IN THE
WINTER. Women were expected to
be decently covered
• The ancient Greeks could buy cloth
and clothes in the AGORA, the
marketplace, but that was expensive.
• Most families MADE THEIR OWN
clothes, which were SIMPLE TUNICS
AND WARM CLOAKS, dyed a bright
color or bleached white.
• Clothes were MADE BY THE
MOTHER, her daughters, and female
slaves.
25. According to tradition the first OLYMPICS took place in 776 BC. They
became a central aspect of Greek culture and in many ways were the
most important factor uniting the Greeks, except for their language and
mythology.
Editor's Notes
Greece is the southeastern-most region on the European continent. It is defined by a series of mountains, surrounded on all sides except the north by water, and endowed with countless large and small islands. The Ionian and Aegean seas and the many deep bays and natural harbors along the coastlines allowed the Greeks to prosper in maritime commerce and to develop a culture which drew inspiration from many sources, both foreign and indigenous.
The Mediterranean Sea moderates Greece´s climate, cooling the air in summer and providing warmth in the winter months. Summers are generally hot and dry. Winters are moderate and rainy in coastal regions and cold and snowy in mountainous areas.