Since Islam originated and has developed in an Arab culture, other cultures which have adopted Islam have tended to be influenced by Arab customs. Thus Arab Muslim societies and other Muslims have cultural affinities, though every society has preserved its distinguishing characteristics. Islamic culture inherited an Arab culture born in the desert, simple but by no means simplistic. It has an oral tradition based on the transmission of culture through poetry and narrative. However, it has been the written record that has had the greatest impact on civilization. Islam civilization is based on the value of education, which both the Qur'an and the Prophet stressed.
One of the distinctive features of the Islamic tradition is its rapid expansion into a large and diverse civilization, soon becoming divided into several centers of political authority. Although the Prophet’s activities were mostly limited to the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, after his death the first four “Rightly Guided” caliphs sent armies to conquer Syria, Egypt, Iraq and parts of Persia, which were then within the declining Byzantine and Persian empires.
Since Islam originated and has developed in an Arab culture, other cultures which have adopted Islam have tended to be influenced by Arab customs. Thus Arab Muslim societies and other Muslims have cultural affinities, though every society has preserved its distinguishing characteristics. Islamic culture inherited an Arab culture born in the desert, simple but by no means simplistic. It has an oral tradition based on the transmission of culture through poetry and narrative. However, it has been the written record that has had the greatest impact on civilization. Islam civilization is based on the value of education, which both the Qur'an and the Prophet stressed.
One of the distinctive features of the Islamic tradition is its rapid expansion into a large and diverse civilization, soon becoming divided into several centers of political authority. Although the Prophet’s activities were mostly limited to the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, after his death the first four “Rightly Guided” caliphs sent armies to conquer Syria, Egypt, Iraq and parts of Persia, which were then within the declining Byzantine and Persian empires.
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The "Five Good Emperors" (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) ruled Rome during the second century A.D. and presided over the final decades of the Pax Romana. During their reigns, Rome attained the peak of its power and dominion. Part of this was intentional - each of the first four adopted a capable successor fit to rule the Empire. Most historians see the ascension of Marcus Aurelius' natural son, Commodus, as the beginning of the decline of the Roman Empire
The Christian Empire (Late Roman and "Byzantine")Tom Richey
http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint slide show was created to accompany a lecture on the Christianization of the Roman (and later "Byzantine") Empire from Diocletian's "Great Persecution" to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
http://www.tomrichey.net
These slides are designed to accompany a lecture on the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the birth of Jesus of Nazareth through the second century A.D. The "Five Good Emperors" (Antonines) appear as well with emphasis on their policies toward Jews and Christians.
http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint is designed to accompany a lecture on Augustus Caesar, the Golden Age of Latin Literature (Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Ovid), and the Julio-Claudian Emperors (Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero).
http://www.tomrichey.net
This set of graphic organizers was made to help AP European History and Western Civilization students to review the 19th century "Isms" (conservatism, liberalism, romanticism, nationalism, socialism, and feminism).
This PowerPoint was designed to help provide an introduction to ancient Mesopotamia for World History students, with emphasis on writing, geography, and religion.
For more instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
http://www.tomrichey.net
While historians often refer to the Industrial Revolution that took place between 1760 and 1914, there were TWO distinct phases of industrial development that took place during this time. The latter period of development, from 1850-1914, is often referred to as the "Second Industrial Revolution." World Expositions, such as the Crystal Palace (1851) and the Columbian Exposition (1893), showcased the technological progress of this time period. This Second Industrial Revolution saw the development of the internal combustion engine, petroleum and electricity as sources of power, experimentation with chemicals, and a massive expansion of railroads. World War I and its unprecedented military technologies represented the culmination of the Second Industrial Revolution, which can be especially seen when the technologies used in WWI are compared with those used in the American Civil War.
Hammurabi's Code is the oldest surviving code of laws from the ancient world. This PowerPoint presentation is designed to introduce World History students to Hammurabi's Code and to explain how the law code typifies laws from the ancient world. Hammurabi's Code is also compared with modern law codes, such as the United States Constitution.
For more instructional resources, visit www.tomrichey.net!
Between 1815 and 1871, Germany went from a fragmented confederation of 39 sovereign states to a unified nation. Otto von Bismarck united Germany through a series of wars (Schleswig War, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco Prussian War). Designed primarily for my AP European History course.
After the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s, Renaissance art continued to evolve as artists challenged the classical conventions of grace, symmetry, and proportion. The style of Mannerism emerged in the mid-sixteenth century with elongated figures that were painted to inspire a sense of grandeur and emotion rather than striving after ideal beauty.
The Mannerist style of painting can be best seen in Michelangelo's later works and in the works of Parmigianino and El Greco.
As the French Revolution began to shake the foundations of Europe, George Washington found himself stuck between the Federalists, who wanted to strengthen economic ties with Britain, and the Jeffersonians, who wanted to the United States to express solidarity with her sister republic in France. Caught between two extremes, Washington chose the middle path of neutrality. The Citizen Genet affair and the unpopular Jay treaty presented challenges to Washington's administration, while Pinckney's Treaty settled boundary and navigation disputes with Spain.
This presentation provides a brief introduction to the principles of the United States Constitution, including federalism, the enumerated powers, separation of powers, checks and balances, and the limitation of government power by the Bill of Rights.
The Golden Age of Latin Literature spanned from the time of Cicero to the death of Augustus. The Golden Age is divided into two periods: Ciceronian and Augustan. Writers of the Ciceronian period included Cicero (its namesake), Julius Caesar, and Catullus. Writers of the Augustan period included Livy, Virgil, Horace, and Ovid. Livy's History of Rome remains the most authoritative work on the earliest history of Rome. Virgil and Horace were both supported by Augustus, as these writers were very supportive of him in appreciation for his patronage. Ovid, whose poetry did not align as well with Augustus' civic goals, found himself exiled to Tomis on the Black Sea, where he spent the last decade of his life in sorrow.
This PowerPoint presentation is designed to cover a lecture on the events leading to the American Civil War between the Compromise of 1850 and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. It includes the controversies surrounding the strenghtened Fugitive Slave Law, the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, the Brooks-Sumner incident, Nativism, the Dred Scott decision, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid, and the election of Abraham Lincoln.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a lecture on the division of ancient Israel into two kingdoms (Israel and Judah) and the subsequent conquest of these kingdoms by the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Empires. The fall of Israel and Judah resulted in a diaspora (scattering) of peoples across the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. After Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Babylonian Empire, he allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild their temple. In the centuries that followed, a messianic tradition developed, which promised a deliverer who would restore the Kingdom of Judah. Zionism emerged in the late 19th century with a similar goal of restoring a sovereign Jewish homeland. The modern nation of Israel, founded in 1948, represents the realization of the goals of the Zionist movement. To this day, modern Israelis contest over this land with its neighbors much like their ancestors did three thousand years ago.
The Whiskey Rebellion was an uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers between 1791-1794 in response to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. A federal militia was organized in 1794 to put down the rebellion. When the rebels dispersed without a single shot being fired, Hamilton and the Federalists hailed it as a victory for the newly formed federal government created by the United States Constitution.
How revolutionary was the American Revolution? Historians generally classify the American Revolution as more of a political revolution than a social revolution, but there were some very important changes in American society following the Revolution that should not be overlooked. The ideals of the American Revolution were rooted in classical republicanism and egalitarian values, which can be seen in the prohibition of titles of nobility, the gradual emancipation of slaves in the North, and in laws guaranteeing religious liberty. While women did not gain the ability to vote after the Revolution, the ideal of republican motherhood necessitated a greater role for women in the education of their children. More than anyone else, George Washington embodied the republican ideals of the American Revolution, as seen in is commitment to agriculture, civic duty, and republican simplicity.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a US History lecture on the American Enlightenment and its influence on American Founding Fathers, such as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Paine.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to accompany a lecture on the Virginia Colony in my US History courses. In the lecture, I discuss the failure of the Roanoke Colony, the rough start of the Jamestown Colony, the importance of tobacco agriculture (and the labor forces necessary to cultivate the labor-intensive cash crop), and the relationships between the settlers and the Powhatan Indians.
The Declaration of Independence (US History EOC Review)Tom Richey
This presentation on the Declaration of Independence was created specifically for a review lecture in preparation for the South Carolina US History EOC (End of Course) exam.
This PowerPoint slide presentation was created to accompany an academic lecture on Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany. Included in this lecture are factors leading to Hitler's radicalization and anti-Semitism as well as the key events on his road to power in Germany, including his leadership in the National Socialist German Workers Party, the Beer Hall Putsch, the publication of Mein Kampf, the Great Depression, the Reichstag Fire Decree, and the Enabling Act.
For a fully editable PowerPoint version of this presentation, visit my PowerPoints page: http://www.tomrichey.net/powerpoints
The Radicalization of the French RevolutionTom Richey
This installment of my French Revolution Lecture Series focuses on the radicalization of the French Revolution between 1791-1792, starting with the Le Chapelier Law in 1791 and ending with the execution of Louis XVI in January of 1793.
An introduction of events leading the French Revolution of 1789, beginning with a discussion of the Old Regime and ending with the Women's March on Versailles
Mitt Romney's Trump Speech: A Modern PhilippicTom Richey
On Thursday, Mitt Romney delivered a scathing speech against Donald Trump, the current frontrunner for the GOP nomination. This speech was a philippic, closely following the format of the great Athenian orator, Demosthenes, who delivered three speeches in a vain attempt to rally his fellow Athenians against Philip II of Macedon. Cicero, the great Roman statesman and orator, used the same type of rhetoric in his fourteen philippics against Marcus Antonius in the final days of the Roman Republic.
Using historical synthesis, I argue that Mitt Romney's philippic won't be a decisive factor in the fight for the GOP nomination.
Copernicus and Galileo: A Scientific RevolutionTom Richey
These slides were designed to accompany a lecture on Copernicus and Galileo and their contributions to the development of heliocentric theory during the Scientific Revolution.
Godwin's Law states, "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1." Lately, no internet discussion about Donald Trump can be complete without at least one reference to Hitler. I've been asked by several people to evaluate these comparisons, so I designed these slides to accompany a recent lecture comparing Donald Trump and Adolf Hitler, noting similarities, differences, and nuances.
If this subject interests you, check out the lecture on my YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA_cZxMu2b0
Jacques-Louis David: French Neoclassical PainterTom Richey
Jacques-Louis David was a French Neoclassical painter best known for his paintings of the French Revolution (Death of Marat) and Napoleon (Napoleon Crossing the Alps). David's paintings combined his enthusiasm with classical themes with the promises of a classical rebirth through the French Republic and the Napoleonic Empire.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
10. Bedouin
• The term “Bedu” means inhabitant of the
desert
• It refers to an Arab nomadic pastoralist.
• Tribal Loyalty / Kin Relationships:
– "I and my brothers against my cousins, I and my
brothers and my cousins against the world.“
– Bedouin Proverb
11.
12.
13. Muhammad
• b. 570 A.D. in Mecca
– Trading and religious
center
– Kaaba
• Led trade caravans
through the Hejaz
• Exposed to diverse
people and ideas
14.
15. Islam
• Allah (God)
• Muslim
– One who submits
• Hijrah
– 622 A.D.
– Flight: Mecca Medina
• Qur’an *Recitations+
– Dictated to Muhammad
by Gabriel
18. 1st Pillar: Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• TWOFOLD:
– God (Allah) is One
– Muhammad is the final prophet
For Muslims, the Qur’an is the
ultimate proof of this declaration.
19. 2nd Pillar: Praying (Salat)
• Salat is the ritual
of prayer
• Muslims pray five
times a day
(dawn, noon, after
noon, sunset, even
ing) in the direction
of Mecca.
26. 3rd Pillar: Zakat (Charity)
• Piety and charity are important aspects of
Islam. All Muslims are required to be
charitable to those who are less fortunate
then themselves.
27. 4th Pillar: Ramadan (Fasting)
• Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic
Lunar Calendar.
• During this month, Muslims will refrain from
all food, drink, tobacco, etc., during daylight
hours
• Pregnant women, the elderly, and young
children do not have to fast.
Ramadan Dates
Easter Dates
Interesting Article:
http://www.islamfortoday.com/ramadan09.htm
28.
29. 5th Pillar: The Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
• Muslims are required to travel to Mecca at least once
during their life time. The Pilgrimage is done during
the 12th Lunar Month (Dhul Hijjah).
• At Mecca, they will perform a variety of rituals
involving the Kaaba and the Black Stone.
• The Pilgrimage was performed by Muhammad at the
end of his life.
34. The Expansion of Islam
and the limits thereof
SC Standard GS-2
Indicator(s): 2.1, 2.2
35. TERMS LIST (B)
1. Jihad
2. “People of the
Book”
3. Moors
4. Extent of Islamic
Conquests
5. Franks
6. Clovis
7. Merovingian Dynasty
8. Charles Martel
9. Battle of Tours
10. Siege of Constantinople
11.Theodosian Walls
12.Greek Fire
13.Islamic Golden Age
36. Jihad and Conquest
• Jihad
– “Strive in the way of Allah”
– Could describe spiritual or military
struggle
• Conquest and Conversion
– “People of the Book” not forced to
convert
– Conquests stretched from Spain in
the West to Persia in the East
– Moors – Muslim conquerors of
Spain
45. Islamic Golden Age
(c. 700-1200 A.D.)
• Literature:
– Arabian Nights (10th c.)
• Medicine:
– Postmortem Autopsies on
Humans
• Forbidden by Romans
– Experimental Surgery
– Germ Theory
• Disproved Humorism
• Chemistry
– Distilled Liquors
– Perfume
An Arabic manuscript describing the
eye, dating back to the 12th century