Climate Extreme (extreme weather or climate event) refers to the occurrence of a value of a weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends of the range of observed values of the variable. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
Climate Extreme (extreme weather or climate event) refers to the occurrence of a value of a weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends of the range of observed values of the variable. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
ENSO is a single climate phenomenon, it has three states, or phases, it can be in. The two opposite phases, “El Niño” and “La Niña,” require certain changes in both the ocean and the atmosphere because ENSO is a coupled climate phenomenon. “Neutral” is in the middle of the continuum.
ENSO is a single climate phenomenon, it has three states, or phases, it can be in. The two opposite phases, “El Niño” and “La Niña,” require certain changes in both the ocean and the atmosphere because ENSO is a coupled climate phenomenon. “Neutral” is in the middle of the continuum.
International weather symbols for WMO and ICAO. NASA space apps hackathon taskChris Little
Brief history of weather codes and symbols that are internationally agreed across all countries (well actually 189). These are used by professional meteorologists, and have precise semantics. they are robust and ergonomic against bad reproduction in low light levels.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor Turskyi
Weather elements unit 15
1. Unit 15: Weather Elements
Objectives
Differentiate between weather and climate.
Understand the use and siting of the weather
instruments.
2. Weather
• Weather
describes the
condition of the
atmosphere of a
place over a
short period of
time.
• Temperature, rai
nfall and wind
Climate
• Climate is the
average conditions
of the atmosphere
of a place over a
long period of time.
• Average
temperature and
average rainfall
pattern is used.
4. Is this a weather or climate data?
Climatic maps are used to show information
such as distribution of temperature and rainfall
of a country, region or the world.
5. Thermometer
• Temperature refers to the degree of heat in
the air. It tells us how hot or cold the air is.
• A thermometer is used to measure
temperature in degree Celsius (◦C) or degree
Fahrenheit(◦F).
• Six’s Thermometer or the maximum and
minimum thermometer is used to record the
highest and lowest temperatures of a day.
7. • Made up of Mercury and
Alcohol
• Mercury – Very high
boiling point
• Alcohol – Very low
freezing point
• Read off the base of the
Indices (Indicators)
8. Activity - Reading the Six’s
Max = 30 oC
Min = 5 oC
Mercury
Metal
Indices
Alcohol
Max = 20 oC
Min = 10 oC
Max = 7.5 oC
Min = -15 oC
9. Stevenson Screen
• The Six’s thermometers are placed in a
white, wooden box called a Stevenson Screen.
• White wooden box to reflect heat
• Louvred sides to allow air to flow freely
• Doubled layered roof to prevent direct heating
from the sun
• Stand on stilts to prevent heat from the
ground to be trapped
10.
11.
12. Calculating Temperatures (1/5)
Daily temperature Range
= Maximum Temp - Minimum Temp
For example
Max temp = 30 oC Min Temp = 10 oC
Daily temp range = 20 oC
13. Calculating Temperatures (2/5)
Mean (average) daily temperature
= Maximum Temp + Minimum Temp
2
For example
Max temp = 30◦C Min Temp = 10◦C
Average daily temp= (30+10)/2
= 20◦C
15. Calculating Temperatures (3/5)
Mean (average) monthly temperature
= Average max temp + Average min temp
2
Only used this when
average maximum and
average minimum
temperature are given.
18. Location X
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp 23 22 20.5 16.5 14 10.5 10 11 12.5 14 17.5 21
Mean Annual Temperature
= Total of mean monthly temperature / 12
= (23 + 22 + 20.5 + 16.5 + 14 + 10.5 + 10 + 11 + 12.5 + 14 + 17.5 + 21 ) / 12
= (192.5) / 12
= 16.04 oC
Annual Temperature Range
= Highest Temperature – Lowest Temperature
= 23 – 10
= 13 oC
19. Location Y
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp 25.5 26 26.5 27 27.5 28 27.5 27 26.5 26.5 26 26
Mean Annual Temperature
= Total of mean monthly temperature / 12
= (25.5 + 26 + 26.5 + 27 + 27.5 + 28 + 27.5 + 27 + 26.5 + 26.5 + 26 + 26 ) / 12
= (321) / 12
= 26.75 oC
Annual Temperature Range
= Highest Temperature – Lowest Temperature
= 28 – 25.5
= 2.5 oC
20. • Average daily or mean daily temperature:
• Calculation of temperature data:
Temperature
Average daily or
mean daily temperature
Maximum temperature + Minimum temperature
2
=
Daily temperature range Maximum temperature - Minimum temperature=
Average monthly
temperature
Sum of average daily temperatures for the month
Number of days in the month
=
Average annual
temperature
Sum of average monthly temperatures in a year
12
=
• Daily temperature range
• Average monthly temperature
• Average annual temperature
21. •An instrument used to measure the amount of
rainfall
•Rain falls through a funnel and is collected in the
bottle
•Excess rain that overflows is collected in the
copper cylinder
•Amount of rain collected is poured into a
measuring cylinder, calibrated in millimeters
• Rain gauge:
Rainfall
outer cylinder funnel
glass
bottle
measuring
cylinder
copper
cylinder
22. •One-third of
the rain gauge
is sunk into the
ground to
prevent
toppling
•To be placed in
an area free of
obstructions
•Rain gauge:
Rainfall
copper
cylinder
funnel
glass bottleouter
cylinder
27. • Horizontal movement of air from a high
pressure area to a low pressure area
• Associated with land and sea breezes
Wind
wind
high
pressure
low pressure
cold air sinkswarm air rises
land Sea
28. Wind
•In the day, air over the sea is cooler than that
over the land, thus the cooler air
sinks, creating a higher pressure area.
•Warmer air over the land rises, creating a low
pressure.
•Differences in pressure cause the air over the
sea to move towards the low pressure over the
land.
•This horizontal movement of air causes wind.
NOTE: Greater differences in pressure give rise
to stronger breezes.
29. •The wind vane
points to the
direction where
the wind is
blowing from
•It is made up of
a freely moving
pointer and four
cardinal points –
north, south, ea
st, west
• Measuring wind direction:
Wind vane
30. •The wind rose records the
wind direction.
•It is represented by a
centre circle and eight
arms representing the main
eight compass directions.
•The number of calm days is
recorded in the centre
circle.
•The longer the arms, the
more days the wind is
received from that
direction.
Wind rose
5 E
S
N
NW
SW
NE
number of calm days5
31. • Siting of weather
instruments:
Wind
Stevenson screen
• 120cm above ground level
• Six’s thermometer is kept inside
• insulated from heat by material
and design
rain gauge
• 30cm above ground level
• on short grass away in an open
field from buildings
wind vane
• top of the meteorological
station with no obstructions
