Waterproofing is used to prevent water from entering or escaping building structures. There are internal and external waterproofing membranes. Basement waterproofing is especially important to prevent hydrostatic pressure from causing moisture issues. Common types of basement waterproofing include sealants and water drainage systems. Sealants can be exterior or interior and come in different forms like films, paints or injected solutions. Water drainage systems use perimeter drains, pipes, and sump pumps to collect and remove groundwater from the basement. Proper waterproofing requires both sealing and drainage for effective below-ground protection.

1. INTRODUCTION
 Waterproofing is the formation of an impervious barrier which is designed to
prevent water entering or escaping from various sections of building
structures.
 Waterproofing is the combination of materials or systems that prevent water
intrusion into structural elements of the buildings or its finished spaces.
 Internal membranes are created with waterproofing admixtures. External
membranes are applied to the surface of the concrete nearly always on the
positive side.

2. WATERPROOFING
BASEMENT TERRACES
WASHROOMS
AND TOILETS
CLASSIFICATION

3. BASEMENT WATERPROOFING
 Waterproofing is required in every structure but especially needed in case of
basements where ground water causes hydrostatic pressure to be exerted
underneath basement floors and against basement walls & may result in mold,
decay and other moisture related problems.
 Effective below ground waterproofing will include both drainage and sealers.

4. TYPES OF BASEMENT WATERPROOFING
 SEALANT
a) EXTERIOR SEALANT
b) INTERIOR SEALANT
 WATER DRAINAGE

5. sealant
 Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of gases or liquids through
the surface or joints or openings in materials.
 sealant is sometimes synonymous with caulking and also serve the purposes of
blocking dust, sound and heat transmission
 they can provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and may serve as fire
barriers.

6. •These types of sealants are applied as a
coating on the exterior surface of
basement wall(positive side)
•They can be in a form of
film(eg.bitumen sheet, PVC) or
paints(polymer).
EXTERIOR SEALANT
The principal exterior
substrates that are sealed
are:
exterior wall joints
(masonry,
concrete,plaster/stucco,)
•door and window frames
•concrete paving joints
•metal flashings
•roof joints
•seismic movement joints

7. Basement where adequate space is
available for excavation-
The excavation of ground for basement is
carried out in such a manner that working
space of at least 60 cm is available around
external walls. If water level is high, the
excavated area should be kept dry by
continuous pumping.
1) On dry and leveled ground 75 to 100 mm
thick lean concrete is laid to serve as a
leveling course for water proofing.
2) The bitumen based primer is applied with
brush on entire area after cleaning the
surface.
3) This layer should be protected by construction of flat brick flooring.
4) After construction of structural slab and walls, water proofing treatment on
external face which is in contact with earth is done.
5) After the surface is cleaned, bitumen primer is applied.
6) Self adhesive S B S rubber bitumen membrane with high density polyethylene
film is applied on vertical walls.
7) Before back filling the soil an outer protective wall leaving a space about 100 mm
around should be made and the space should be grouted subsequently.

8. Basement where limited space is available
for excavation
1) The base slab of lean concrete is laid followed
by construction of external protective wall. Its
internal face is rough plastered. Horizontal
damp proofing treatment is carried out.
2) vertical damp proofing treatment is applied
on inside plastered surface of the protective
wall.
3) The treatment should be continuous on the
wall and the floor.
4) For vertical damp proofing continuous with
horizontal a fillet cement mortars should be
provided at the junction of the slab and outer
protective wall.
5) The horizontal and vertical damp proofing is protected against damage during
subsequent operations.
6) Flat brick flooring and an inner protective wall are constructed.
7) The space of 100 mm left between vertical damp roofing treatment and internal
protective wall is grouted after laying damp proofing membranes.
8) Thickness and reinforcement of RCC structural slab and walls are designed
according to depth

9. INTERIOR SEALANT
•Sealants are applied on the negative side of the wall
•Sealants are in a form of solution (organic silicon compounds) that are injected in
the wall to make it impermeable.
• These types of sealants have a time period of few years
• liquid silicification contains chemical, that penetrate into the concrete surface
making the concrete itself part of the waterproofing.
The principal
interior
substrates that
are sealed are:
•gypsum board;
•plaster;
•floor control
and expansion
joints;
•kitchen and
bathroom wet
joints

10. BITUMINOUS TYPE –
 A kind of waterproof sealant that is less suitable for floors.
 A few versions of this product are particularly fuel-resistant or able to withstand hot and cold temperatures.
 can be used as concrete sealant on airport decks and roadways.
 Roof sealant also is often made with this substance to protect the tops of houses and buildings from water damage.
 bituminous sealant is usually one of the best to use around a lot of water, such as in tanks that hold several tons.
POLYURETHANE SEALANT
 can be easily painted over.
 This is helpful when it comes to blending waterproof sealant with the surrounding décor.
 It also does not usually shrink, and is not easily damaged by abrasion, which means it is used often with both flooring
and cars.
 shorter lifespan than silicone sealant, and has lesser ability able to withstand extreme temperatures and UV rays.
 not known for being friendly to the environment.
SILICONE-BASED
 protect surfaces from ultraviolet (UV) rays and extreme temperatures.
 protect against mold or be applied to natural materials like marble or stone without staining
 silicone sealant cannot be painted over, though there are a few specialized silicone sealants mixed with other
substances just for that purpose
MATERIALS USED AS SEALANTS
Caulking gun Driveway sealant

11. WATER DRAINAGE
 Function by draining underground water from alongside the foundation footers
and underneath the basement floor. They then channel it with a French drain,
PVC pipe, or through a patented product to a Sump Pump System, which will
then pump the water from the basement.
Often need to be run on an isolated
electric system, in case of power
shortage, or during periods of storms.
Sump pumps should be placed in a
pit, and sealed in with a lid in order to
keep the water away from the
electricity, and to prevent humidity in
the pump from entering the atmosphere
of the basement.
Keeping the lid airtight ensures that
there is no likelihood of poisonous gases
seeping out into the house.

12. HOW IT WORKS?
 Water enters the home via the
basement wall/floor joint, through
cracks in the foundation walls and/or
holes created by faulty or decaying
masonry/brick.
 A perimeter trench drain such as a
French drain collects the water before
it enters into the basement.
 Wall vapour barriers/retarders and
drip mouldings are used and
incorporated into the sub-slab
perimeter drain to collect water
coming from wall cracks and other
foundation wall defects, such as pipe
protrusions.
 The drain directs the water to a sump
pump.
 The sump pump directs the water out
of the house.

13. WATER IS CAPTURED USING
 EXTERIOR FRENCH DRAIN SYSTEM
-DRAIN PIPE
 INTERIOR FRENCH DRAIN SYSTEM
 TRENCH DRAIN SYSTEM

14. EXTERIOR FRENCH DRAIN SYSTEM
-DRAIN TILE
Instead of fighting hydrostatic pressure
(and risking major leakage), an exterior
footing drain was probably installed
when the building was built. Its job is to
help relieve this pressure and to move
water away from your house.
An exterior French drain is typically
installed along the outside edge of the
footing, after the home's foundation is
built but before it is backfilled.
First a bed of gravel is laid down around
the foundation's perimeter. Then
perforated French drain pipe is placed
on top.Gravel is then laid on top of the
pipe. Sometimes, filter fabric is then laid
on top of the French drain pipe to keep
fine particles from passing into the pipe.
The excavation is then backfilled.

15. LIMITATIONS
This old-fashioned waterproofing
system tends to collect sediment and
clog as it ages. Often, the filter fabric
itself will eventually be overwhelmed
with material and will clog. A drain
system may work fine for years,
depending upon site conditions and
how carefully it was installed. When
there’s a problem, however, servicing it
is difficult or impossible.
These drains eventually clog with silt or
plant roots, and aren’t so much
effective at preventing water from
entering your basement.

16. INTERIOR FRENCH DRAIN SYSTEM

17. FRENCH DRAINS

18. TRENCH DRAIN SYSTEM
Effectively captures surface water at
building transitions
Grated cap can be removed to clear
drainage channel.
Use TrenchDrain to prevent water
intrusion in these locations:
Across the basement floor in front of an
exterior concrete stairway (bulkhead
door).
Across the entrance to a garage.
Where a patio meets a walkout basement
door.

19. INSTALLATION
 A sump pump hole is drilled into
the basement floor. The sump
pump is then placed into the
opening and attached to the water
drainage system of the house.
 Sump pumps run on electrical
currents and automatically turn
on and off depending on the level
of water building up in the
basement. It is most useful during
periods of heavy rain.
 If a sump pump fails to work, the
basement will eventually flood
again.

20. PEDESTAL SUMP PUMPS
 Designed to sit above the water
and avoid getting wet.
 The motor is located on top of the
pump where it cannot get wet.
 Works by using a float activated
switch that will turn on the pump
when water reaches a certain level.
The water is pumped out of
basement and away from where it
can do damage.

21. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 Cost - cheaper
 Longevity - Because these pumps
are not submersed in water they
typically will last longer.
 Ease of Maintenance - Due to
it's design, a pedestal sump pump
will be easier to maintain since the
motor is located on top of the unit
and access is much easier.
 Noise - Since the motor of the
pump is located on top and
above ground, it will definitely
be audible and easily heard
when in operation.

22. SUBMERSIBLE P SUMP PUMP
 Designed, just as its name
suggests, to be submerged in
water.
 Designed to be located in the
sump pit and is built to totally
encase the motor to keep it
protected from water.
 Uses the same float activated
switch to automatically turn on
when water is detected. This
water is then pumped out and
away from the house.

23. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 Efficiency - Because
submersible sump pumps are
located close to the water level,
they don't have to work as hard
as a pedestal sump pump to
remove the water.
 Quieter- Because the motors are
contained within the unit and the
placed within the sump,
submersible pumps are typically
quieter than other style pumps.
 Difficult to repair- Since these
pumps are submerged in to a pit,
they are not easily accessible and
thus when they need
maintenance they are more
difficult to access.

24. SOME OTHER MEASURES

25. INJECTION GROUTING
 Injection Grouting is the
injection of specially formulated
cement-based mixes into the
ground to improve its strength or
reduce permeability.
 It is used for remedial or
redevelopment applications.
 cement grouting technologies are
increasingly chosen for cost-
effective, permanent solutions.
 Cement grouting is most
commonly performed by drilling
holes into the foundation to
intercept open cracks, joints,
fissures or cavities, then
pumping under pressure
balanced and stabilized grout
mixes using a combination of
cement, water, and additives.

26.  Area of Application:
Applied to cracks in concrete,
masonry, solid stone walls, cavities,
rock pockets, floor toppings,
prefabricated concrete parts
 Used of injecting concrete surface
areas in order to strengthen them
 Used for the closing, sealing and
impregnation of cracks, cavities and
porous, low strength concrete
 Injection grouting is used either for
sealing the leakage’s or for
attending cracks in the structural
members
 In order to fill the pores, honey
combs inside the structures
injection grouting is adopted before
waterproofing and repairing

27. INJECTION
GROUTING
BOX METHOD BRICK-BAT
COBA
Rs 250/sqm
Without material
Rs 250/sqm
Without material
Rs 250/sqm
Without material
Rs 600/sqm with
material
Rs 550/sqm with
material

28. TERRACE WATERPROOFING

29. INTRODUCTION
 A terrace is a fully supported, above
ground level exterior space devoted to
social activity.
 Unlike a balcony, which is cantilevered, a
terrace is supported from below with walls.
 A terrace is also always open to the sky.

30. BRICK COBA TERRACING
 Brick coba terracing laid with grout consisting of cement admixed with
acrylic based chemical is an effective water proofing method used in
heavy to moderate rainfall regions.
PROCESS :
 The cleaned surface of the roof slab is coated with 15mm thick slurry
made of cement mortar (1:4) mixed with acrylic based chemical .
 A layer of broken brick bats in cement mortar (1:4) admixed with
acrylic based chemical is laid with slope for drainage.
 This layer is cured for about 2 days.
 Again a layer of cement mortar of same composition is provided to fill
up any voids
 A 20 mm thick layer of cement
mortar (1:4) admixed with acrylic
based chemical is applied on top and
finished smooth.
 The joint between wall and slab is
rounded off
 The terracing is cured for 2 weeks
 The acrylic based chemical is added
@ 1% i.e. 1 kg of chemical to be
mixed with 100 kg cement

31. SECTION DETAIL
ROOF SLAB
20MM THICK MORTAR
WITH
WATERPROOFING
COMPOUND
80MM BRICK BAT COBA
15-25MM JOINTS
20MM BRICK PLASTER

33. Wallbarn Protecto-Joint
• Offers the solution for fully waterproofing and protecting buried expansion joints, bonding to most surfaces
and membranes effectively.
• It is a tough, highly flexible butyl rubber membrane used for waterproofing and protecting preformed
expansion joints on roofs, car parks and podium decks.
• It has an elongation of 1,000%, far higher than many other expansion joint systems on the market, and can
tolerate direct contact with hot materials such as mastic asphalt and hot rubber solutions.
• It is ideal for buried expansion joints, roof decks and upstand flashings. It is used for trafficked surfaces and
sealing joints in decks where continuous movement in the structure occurs. It can even be permanently
immersed in water.
BY VULCANIZED RUBBER SHEETS
• It is vulcanized and cannot be welded
or heat bonded. It can be used in
horizontal-to-vertical applications, or
where the joints are irregular or
misaligned, extremely effectively.
• Because it is so flexible, it can be
folded and shaped around even
complicated details in one seamless
layer. Therefore, no weak spots are
exposed in the areas where leaks
most often appear.

34. BY POLYETHYLENE AND ELASTOPHENE SHEETS

35. BY TORCHING
• Torch Down Roof or modified bitumen is the
most common type of roofing used on flat roofs.
• The name is derived from the method of
torching the bitumen sheets onto a fiberglass
base sheet in the roofing overlap areas during
Torch Down Roof installation.
• Rubberized asphalt is typically the material
used in the roofing torch down process.
• Melting of the bitumen by torching creates highly
resistant and durable roofing lasting up to 20
years.
• The blend of synthetic rubberized polymers with
asphalt makes Torch Down Roof extremely
flexible.
• During climate change or extreme weather
conditions, Torch Down Roof can shift as
required and resist brittleness.
• Torch Down Roof also provides excellent
insulation qualities, and is a fire, wind, and hail
rated roofing system.

36. BY EPDM MEMBRANE
•Ethylene Propylene Diene
Monomer, better known as
EPDM, is a common roofing
material in the construction and
building industry.
•In low slope roofing
applications, EPDM is
considered one of the best
thermoset types of flexible
single ply sheet materials,
meaning there is only one ply of
roofing material, not multiple
plies laminated together.

37. Pro-Coat
• Pro-coat is a polyurethane and rubber based compound which
is spray applied and solvent free.
• Anti corrosion coating; but it is proving equally as useful in the
structural waterproofing sector.
• Pro-coat delivers a one-coat solution, offering superb
performance against water ingress and damp, corrosion, impact
and abrasion, vibration and heat variation.
• It is extremely tough and flexible, able to withstand vehicular
traffic and even military tanks. It can be used roof and structural
waterproofing, tanking, bridge decks, expansion joints, car parks
and as a hard wearing floor surface for walkways and station
platforms.
BY SPRAYING
APP MODIFIED BITUMEN MEMBRANES

38. •Simple application (roller or airless spray)
•When applied it forms seamless membrane without joints.
•Resistant to water, heat and frost
•Resistant to root penetration
•Crack-bridging
•Water vapor permeable
•Provides excellent thermal, weather and UV resistance.
•Waterproofs old bitumen-, asphalt felts by covering them
•Provides high sun reflectivity, contributing to
thermoinsulation
•Remains flexible over a temperature span of -40oC to
+90oC
•Provides excellent adhesion to almost any type of surface
•Can be used for pedestrian and vehicular traffic
•Resistant to detergents, oils, seawater and domestic
chemicals
•Application does not need the use of open flames (torch).
FOAM SPRAYS
Polyurethane spray

39. INJECTION
GROUTING
BOX METHOD BRICK-BAT
COBA
Rs 250/sqm
Without material
Rs 250/sqm
Without material
Rs 250/sqm
Without material
Rs 600/sqm with
material
Rs 550/sqm with
material

40. MARKET SURVEY
CICO DR. FIXIT

42. CICO NO.1:
Normal setting integral waterproofing compound for concrete and
mortar
Feature
reduces water absorption and dampness.
Uses
• plastering mortar, masonry
Mortar and concrete
• tunnels, canals
• swimming pools,
• basements,
• manholes
• excellent to arrest dampness
of wall
Method of application
1kg to 1.5kg per 50 Kg cement may be add to the wet concrete in concrete
mixer.
Uses/Location:
• rendering/plastering work on all
brick walls in residential
structures.
• Both underground and overhead
water tanks concreting/plastering
.
• basement structures, damps-proof
course in residential buildings.

43. CICO Super:
Normal Setting Liquid Integral Waterproofing Compound for
Concrete/Mortar
Uses
• used in RCC as well as Plain Cement Concrete intender
• water tank,
• roof slab,
• basement,
• lift pit or in a situation where hydro-insulation is a must.
Features:
• Permeability of concrete is greatly
reduced, act as a hydrophobia.
• Increases cohesion, reduces
segregation and bleeding
significantly.
• Improves surface finish of concrete.
Method of application
Add measured quantity of cico super to mixing water. Add solution only into the dry mix of cement
and sand.

44. CICO ACRYl :
• An acrylic latex based integral waterproofer for cement concret and
mortar.
• acrylic latex is white colored liquid integral waterproofing compound.
• Add in concrete and mortar where high degree of waterproofing is needed.
• integrally contained compound resists and reverses the normal tendency of hardened concrete to
absorb water by capillary action
Uses
for floors, roofs and walls of cement concrete.
Pre-cast panels, water tanks
Features:
• Reduces amount of mixing water.
• Increases plastic workability.
• Allows normal setting and curing.
• Reduces shrinkage.
• Promotes increased density.
• Minimizes capillary water movement.
• Lowers permeability.
• Promotes high strength.
• Waterproofs integrally.

45. CICO NO. 2 :
Rapid/Quick Setting/Hardening
Compounds for Cement mortar and
concrete
extra fast setting waterproofing/plugging compound. It
is a red colored liquid.
Features:
Excellent quality plugging compound - consistent
performance.
High early strength – plugging is completed within 5-
20 minutes.
Uses
For emergency/ immediate repair
work.
used as plugging compound for
basements, pipe joints,
Retaining walls, tunnels and sewage
works where water is leaking under
pressure.
Application:
Cut back the opening
of leaking hole to form
concave shape
tapering to a narrow
mouth at the entrance,
place the gelled
cement/CICO No.2
mass into the hole and
keep the pressure on
for 4 to 5 minutes.

46. CICO NO. 3 :
Quick Setting and Rapid Hardening Admixture for Plain Cement
Concrete and Mortar
colorless concrete additives in liquid form.
Uses
basement where leakage is moderate or where quick
release of shuttering is required
Feature
Early gain of strength in cement paste/mortar/concrete.

48. Dr. Fixit Torchshield AM 3160/4160
APP MODIFIED BITUMEN BASED MINERAL FINISHED MEMBRANES FOR
WATERPROOFING
, APP modified bitumen membranes, top surface is covered by a uniform layer of natural or colored slate
chippings and the underside is finished with a polyethylene film.
Method of Application
use as a single layer roof waterproofing system.
surface preparation all surfaces to receive dr. fixit torch
shield must be clean, dry and free from all contaminates
prior to the application
MEMBRANES are applied by
torch-on application using
ensuring the PE film on the
underside is completely
removed as work proceeds and
to ensure adequate adhesion to
the substrate.

49. WATERPROOFING OF NEW ROOFS AND TERRACES

51. INSULATION

52. Use
o Reduces unwanted heat loss or gain and can decrease the energy demands of heating and
cooling systems.
o Cellulose, glass wool, rock wool, polystyrene, urethane foam, vermiculite, perlite, wood
fibre, plant fibre (cannabis, flax, cotton, cork, etc.), recycled cotton denim, plant straw,
animal fibre (sheep's wool), cement, and earth or soil are used as insulation material.
Introduction
o Majority of insulation in buildings is for thermal purposes,
also used as acoustic insulation, fire insulation, and impact
insulation (e.g. for vibrations caused by industrial
applications).
o Insulation material may be chosen for its ability to perform
several of these functions at once.
o Insulation products vary in terms of colour, surface finish
and texture, core composition and, importantly,
performance. Rockwool

53. How insulation works
o Insulation products are designed to frustrate the transfer of heat across the material itself.
There are three methods of heat transfer: radiation, conduction and convection.
o The effectiveness of bulk insulation is commonly evaluated by its R-value, of which there
are two - metric (SI) and US customary, the former being 0.176 times the latter.
o The higher the R-value of an insulation product, the more effective the insulation
properties
Planning
o Amount of insulation a house needs depends on building design, climate, energy costs,
budget, and personal preference.
o The insulation strategy of a building needs to be based on a careful consideration of the
mode of energy transfer and the direction and intensity in which it moves.
o This may alter throughout the day and from season to season. It is important to choose an
appropriate design, the correct combination of materials and building techniques to suit the
particular situation.
o To determine whether you should add insulation, you first need to find out how much
insulation you already have in your home and where. A qualified home energy auditor will
include an insulation check as a routine part of a whole-house energy audit.

54. Mineral wool
o Three types of mineral wool ; glass wool manufactured from
recycled glass, Rock wool which is made from basalt, slag wool
produced from the slag from steel mills.
o Available in batt, roll and loose-fill.
o Mineral wool has an R-value ranging from R-2.8 to R-3.5 per
inch.
 Area of use
o Ceiling, wall, panels and insulation of pipes.
Rockwool in batt(unfaced and face
Ceiling insulatio
TYPES OF INSULATION MATERIALS
There are many insulation materials available in market like :
cellulose, glass wool, rockwool, polystyrene, urethane
foam, vermiculite, perlite, wood fibre, plant fibre
(cannabis, flax, cotton, cork, etc.), recycled cotton denim,
plant straw, animal fibre (sheep's wool), cement, and
earth or soil.
Loose-
fill
pipe insulationWall and ceiling insulation

55. Advantages
o naturally moisture-resistant. It retains its insulating qualities even when wet.
o Sound is blocked much more by mineral wool, so the interior of a building suffers less
acoustic invasion .
o Will not burn until temperatures reach beyond 1,800°F (1,000°C). The insulation actually
performs as a fire barrier, slowing down house fires and giving the fire services more time to
get things under control.
Disadvantages
o Protective gear must be worn when installing, Inhaled slivers irritate the alveoli an can
cause lung disease.
o Not environment friendly.

56. FIBERGLASS
o Fiberglass is the most common residential insulating material,
composed of glass.
o predominantly employed as a residential and commercial thermal
insulator.
o As an insulator, it slows the spread of heat, cold, and sound in
structures, cars and aircraft.
o By trapping pockets of air, it keeps rooms warm in the winter and
cool in the summer and thereby serves as a convenient method to
increase energy efficiency.
Fiberglass batt
Fiberglass spray
Fiberglass rollFiberglass batt

57. Advantages
o It could be easily be moulded into any shape,
o Fibreglass last a long time.
o It is low maintenance, fire resistant, good electrical insulator and weatherproof.
o Available in a variety of presentations (e.g. blankets, mats, loose fill and boards)
o low thermal conductivity
Disadvantages
o releases particulates into the air which may be inhaled by those installing or removing it,
and may cause cancer and other serious afflictions.
o wet fiberglass insulation loses all R-value and has almost no insulating properties until
it dries out.

58. Cellulose
o Cellulose insulation is perhaps one of the most eco-friendly forms of
insulation, used in wall and roof cavities to insulate, draught proof and
reduce noise.
o Cellulose, a plant-based insulator, is the oldest form of home
insulation.
o Has been produced from sawdust, cotton, straw, hemp, and other
plant materials with low thermal-conductivity.
o Today, it is produced from recycled newspapers that are later treated
with chemicals that reduce its ignition potential.
o Cellulose has an R-value between R-3.1 and R-3.7.
Advantages
o Because of the compactness of the material, cellulose contains next to
no oxygen within it, so the amount of damage that a fire can cause.
o Cellulose is a cheap and effective means of insulating.
Disadvantages
o Some people may have allergies to newspaper dust.
o Needs skilled worker, relative to, say, fiberglass.

59. Polyurethane Foam
o Nowadays, polyurethane foams use non-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gas for use as a blowing
agent.
o They are relatively light.
o They have an R-value of approximately R-6.3 per inch of thickness.
o There are also low density foams that can be sprayed into areas that have no insulation.
These types of polyurethane insulation tend to have approximately R-3.6 rating per inch of
thickness.
o Another advantage of this type of insulation is that it is fire resistant.
Use
The two component high pressure system is generally used in new home construction. It is a
quick expanding type of spray foam. The two component low pressure spray foam is another
system that is used primarily for remodel jobs where there are existing walls with drywall
already in place.

60. Advantages
o It has good thermal insulating properties, low moisture-vapour permeability.
o High resistance to water absorption, relatively high mechanical strength and low
density.
o In addition, it is relatively easy and economical to install
o Cost Effective : Spray polyurethane insulation is more cost-effective than foam
board or batt insulation because a little goes a long way. Spray insulation can go
around pipes and into cracks and other hard-to-reach places

61. Polystyrene
o Polystyrene is a waterproof thermoplastic foam which is an excellent sound and temperature insulation
material.
o EPS and XPS are resistant to moisture
o It comes in two types, expanded (EPS) and extruded (XEPS) also known as Styrofoam. The two types differ
in performance ratings and cost. The more costly XEPS has a R-value of R-5.5 while EPS is R-4.
o Typically the foam is created or cut into blocks, ideal for wall insulation.
o The foam is flammable and needs to be coated in a fireproofing chemical called Hexabromocyclododecane
(HBCD).

62. Insulating material “R” value per inch (2.54 cm) Advantages Disadvantages
Polyurethane, board 6.25 Very good R-value, can be
used with fibreglass resins
Not always easily available,
relatively expensive
Polyurethane, spray on 7.0 Very good R-value, can be
used with fibreglass resins,
easy application with spray
equipment
Not always easily available,
expensive, requires special
spray equipment
Polyurethane, poured (two-part
chemical)
7.0 Very good R-value, can be
used with fibreglass resins,
relative ease of application
Not always easily available,
expensive, requires very
careful volume calculations
Polystyrene, sheets (smooth)
Trade name “Styrofoam”
5.0 Readily available, low cost,
reasonable R-value
Cannot be used with fibreglass
resins unless protected, easily
damaged
Polystyrene, foamed in place
and expanded moulded beads.
Known as Isopor, Polypor, etc.
3.75 to 4.0 Reasonable R-values, lower
cost than smooth surfaced
sheets
Cannot be used with fibreglass
resins unless protected, easily
damaged
Cork board 3.33 Availability in many markets,
reasonable cost, can be
covered with fibreglass
Lower R-values than
polyurethane for styrene foams
Fibreglass wool batts 3.3 Low cost, ease of installation Readily absorbs water or other
fluids, loses insulating value
when wet
Rock wool batts 3.7 As above As above
Comparison of insulation materials

63. Market survey for
insulation

64. COMPANIES SELLING INSULATION
Texsa India Ltd.
Head office : Gurgaon 122 016 Haryana
Jaipur Plant : RIICO Industrial Area Phase-1, Rajasthan, India
Insulation India
Poonamalle High road,Chennai-600 077, Tamilnadu, India
ROXUL ROCKWOOL Technical Insulation India Pvt. Ltd.
J.B.Nagar, Andheri (East), Mumbai - 400 059, India
Lloyd insulations
Delhi: Punj Star Premises, Kalkaji Industries Area, New Delhi -
110019.
ECOTHERM INSULATION PVT. LTD. An ISO:9001:2008 Company
Regd Office: Modern park,Kolkata -700075 (India)