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Waterfalls
Objectives
To be able to:
Define waterfall
Explain, using specific terms,
how they are formed
Explain, using specific terms,
how they are worn away
Make clear links to your
previous work on rivers
What is a waterfall?
• Definition?
What is a waterfall?
• Definition
A waterfall is a
geological formation
where flowing water
rapidly drops in
elevation as it flows
over a steep region
or a cliff.
How are waterfalls formed?
Waterfalls occur when ______ flow over different
types of ____. The ____ rock wears away faster
than the ____ rock. In time a step develops over
which the river _______ as a waterfall. _____also
cuts away rock behind the _________. This
causes the falls to move back and leave a _____
as it goes.
HARD RIVERS WATERFALL ROCK
SOFT WATER PLUNGES GORGE
How are waterfalls formed?
Copy out the paragraph below and insert the missing words from the word bank.
Waterfalls occur when RIVERS flow over
different types of ROCK. The SOFT rock wears
away faster than the HARD rock. In time a step
develops over which the river PLUNGES as a
waterfall. WATER also cuts away rock behind
the WATERFALL. This causes the falls to move
back and leave a GORGE as it goes.
How are waterfalls formed?
The hard rock
collapses into the
plunge pool to be
broken up and
washed away by
the river. The
position of the
falls moves back.
Falling water and
rock particles or
boulders loosen
and wear away the
softer rock.
Erosion continues
and the waterfall
slowly eats its way
upstream leaving a
gorge behind.
The hard rock
above is
undercut as
erosion of the
soft rock
continues.
The diagrams below have been given the wrong labels. Can you figure out
which description matches each diagram?
How are waterfalls formed?
The hard rock
collapses into the
plunge pool to be
broken up and
washed away by
the river. The
position of the
falls moves back.
Falling water and
rock particles or
boulders loosen
and wear away the
softer rock.
Erosion continues
and the waterfall
slowly eats its way
upstream leaving a
gorge behind.
The hard rock
above is
undercut as
erosion of the
soft rock
continues.
How is a waterfall worn away?
In your exercise books, stick in the
circular flow diagram.
Put the labels below on the cycle in
the right order.
• Hard rock collapses
• Soft rock worn away
• Waterfall moves back
• Plunge pool deepens
• Hard rock undercut
?
?
??
?
How is a waterfall worn away?
Soft rock
is worn
away
Hard
rock is
undercut
Plunge
pool
deepens
Hard
rock
collapses
Waterfall
moves
back
Waterfall labelling
Waterfall diagram
• Use the word bank to label the photograph.
A = WATERFALL
B = PLUNGE POOL
C = RIVER
D = SOFT ROCK UNDERCUT
E = HARD ROCK OVERHANGS
F = GORGE
Waterfalls of the World; Fact File
• Angel Falls, Venezuela (979m high, 47 drops)
• Niagara Falls, Canada & USA (52m high, 1
drop)
• Iguazu Falls, Argentina (82m high, 275 drops)
• Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe (108m, 1 drop)

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Waterfalls db lesson

  • 2. Objectives To be able to: Define waterfall Explain, using specific terms, how they are formed Explain, using specific terms, how they are worn away Make clear links to your previous work on rivers
  • 3. What is a waterfall? • Definition?
  • 4. What is a waterfall? • Definition A waterfall is a geological formation where flowing water rapidly drops in elevation as it flows over a steep region or a cliff.
  • 5. How are waterfalls formed? Waterfalls occur when ______ flow over different types of ____. The ____ rock wears away faster than the ____ rock. In time a step develops over which the river _______ as a waterfall. _____also cuts away rock behind the _________. This causes the falls to move back and leave a _____ as it goes. HARD RIVERS WATERFALL ROCK SOFT WATER PLUNGES GORGE
  • 6. How are waterfalls formed? Copy out the paragraph below and insert the missing words from the word bank. Waterfalls occur when RIVERS flow over different types of ROCK. The SOFT rock wears away faster than the HARD rock. In time a step develops over which the river PLUNGES as a waterfall. WATER also cuts away rock behind the WATERFALL. This causes the falls to move back and leave a GORGE as it goes.
  • 7. How are waterfalls formed? The hard rock collapses into the plunge pool to be broken up and washed away by the river. The position of the falls moves back. Falling water and rock particles or boulders loosen and wear away the softer rock. Erosion continues and the waterfall slowly eats its way upstream leaving a gorge behind. The hard rock above is undercut as erosion of the soft rock continues. The diagrams below have been given the wrong labels. Can you figure out which description matches each diagram?
  • 8. How are waterfalls formed? The hard rock collapses into the plunge pool to be broken up and washed away by the river. The position of the falls moves back. Falling water and rock particles or boulders loosen and wear away the softer rock. Erosion continues and the waterfall slowly eats its way upstream leaving a gorge behind. The hard rock above is undercut as erosion of the soft rock continues.
  • 9. How is a waterfall worn away? In your exercise books, stick in the circular flow diagram. Put the labels below on the cycle in the right order. • Hard rock collapses • Soft rock worn away • Waterfall moves back • Plunge pool deepens • Hard rock undercut ? ? ?? ?
  • 10. How is a waterfall worn away? Soft rock is worn away Hard rock is undercut Plunge pool deepens Hard rock collapses Waterfall moves back
  • 12. Waterfall diagram • Use the word bank to label the photograph. A = WATERFALL B = PLUNGE POOL C = RIVER D = SOFT ROCK UNDERCUT E = HARD ROCK OVERHANGS F = GORGE
  • 13. Waterfalls of the World; Fact File • Angel Falls, Venezuela (979m high, 47 drops) • Niagara Falls, Canada & USA (52m high, 1 drop) • Iguazu Falls, Argentina (82m high, 275 drops) • Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe (108m, 1 drop)