This document discusses global groundwater issues and solutions for more sustainable water management. It notes that the main groundwater challenges are depletion due to overdraft, waterlogging, and pollution from human activities. Responses discussed include sustainable management through increasing storage capacity, recharge projects, improving catchment vegetation, domestic rainwater harvesting, and switching to more efficient irrigation techniques like drip and sprinkle systems. The document calls for new laws and management strategies to curb overuse and better protect this vital resource.

1. Water Sources
 Hydrological Cycle
 Distribution of sources
 97 % Ocean, 2 % as ice, 1% as Surface &
Ground Water

2. A FEW TERMS
 Aridity
 Drought
 Desertification
 Water stress

3. Daily Requirements/person
 For drinking--------0.35 G
 For ablution---------0.65 G
 For cooking----------6.00 G
 For washing utensils-3.00 G
 Laundry---------------- 5.00 G
 For water closets-------5.00 G
 For manufacturing------5.00 G
 Municipal-----------------5.00 G
 TOTAL--------------------30.00 Gallons

4. Global Ground Water
Situation
 The Ground water challenge
 Three main problems
 A. Depletion due to Overdraft
B. Water logging & Stalinization
C. Pollution due to agricultural, Industrial &
other human activities.


5. Responses to ground water
depletion
 Sustainable management
 800,000 big & small dams around the world which
can capture & store no more than 1/5th. Of rain
water.
 India has built more than its share of the worlds
dams.
 Recharge with imported surface water(Azrak oasis
of central Jordan)
 Recharge with rain water, China has 7 million
ponds, India has 2 Lac tanks in just three states
which are recharged with canal water during rainy

6. Vegetative Treatment of the
catchment
 Vegetative cover of the catchment of a
basin has proven to be a problem.
 Removal of alien weeds.
 Rain water runoff is reduced by 70% by
growing vetiver hedgerows in Holland.

7. Domestic Rainwater
Harvesting
 Used in water stressed countries like India
 Jordan has a long history of honeycomb of family
cisterns for rainwater harvesting & domestic use.
 This system is getting importance again in water
stressed countries.
 Karezes excellent system of community water
supply & irrigation in Baluchistan are dying, need
to be revived.

8. Sprinkle & Drip system of
irrigation
 Govt. of the Punjab has announced to introduce
this system in the province.
 Rs. 6.2 billion will be spent.
 Drip irrigation will irrigate 80,000 hectors &
sprinkle system will irrigate 20,000 hectors
 This will save 40-50% water & 100% increase in
production.
 Prime Minister has given approval of the plan.

9. From development to
management mode
 New laws has to be developed to stop the
miss-use of ground water
 Chinese have developed a permit system for
pumpers.
 There are potentially powerful indirect
demand-management strategies that are not
even part of academic discussion in the
developing world.

10. Gearing up of resource
management
 Information system & resource planning
 Demand side management.
 Supply side management.
 Groundwater management in the river basin
context.