Flooding is caused by high rainfall that overwhelms the land's ability to drain water effectively, especially when the ground is saturated. Flooding often leads to water pollution and health issues. Flood control aims to prevent or reduce flood damage through various structural measures like dams, embankments, channel improvements and river diversions, as well as non-structural measures like forecasting, zoning, fighting, proofing and insurance. Recent major floods in India have displaced over 2 million people in Bihar in 2008 and affected 28 million across India, Bangladesh and Nepal in 2007.

1. Government Engineering College,
Bhavnagar.
Civil Engineering Department

2. Hydrology and Water Resource
Engineering

3. Introduction
 Flooding generally caused by high rainfall and inability
of land to drain water effectively - aggravated further
when ground saturated
 Flooding frequently leads to serious water pollution
and epidemiological problems
 Flood control or Flood management is define as the
prevention or reduction of flood damage

4. Whole towns often affected by flooding

5. Causes of flooding
 Intense rainfall
 Topography of the catchment
 Sedimentation of rivers and reservoirs
 Obstruction in the river flow
 Failure of dam
 Failure of river embankment
 Contraction of water way
 Inadequate cross drainage works

6. Recent floods
“India’s previous Prime Minister Manmohan Singh says floods in
the northern state of Bihar are a "national calamity". He
has visited areas where 55 people have died and some two
million are displaced after the Kosi River breached its banks,
changing course*.” BBC News: 28 Aug 2008 (*by 120 km)
“In north India, where water is receding after two weeks of
floods, health workers are starting a clear up. About 28m
people have been affected by the floods in India,
Bangladesh and Nepal.” BBC News: 9 Aug 2007
“The army, navy and air force have been deployed in flood
affected areas. Floods have also forced the evacuation of 200
villages in the central states of Chattisgarh and Madhya
Pradesh.” BBC News: 9 Aug 2006

7. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
INDIA
FLOOD PRONE AREA - 40 M.Ha.
OTHER
STATES
43.9%
UTTAR PRADESH
21.90%
BIHAR
12.71%
ASSAM
9.40%
WEST BENGAL
7.91% ORISSA
4.18%

8. Methods Flood control
1. To modify flood
2. To modify susceptibility of flood damage
3. To reduce the loss

9. Sandbags used to defend against flooding

10. Typical use of temporary defences

11. Significant changes in resistance either side of
river

12. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
Dams & reservoirs
Embankment
Channel improvement
River diversion
Flood walls
Sluice
STRUCTURAL MEASURES

19. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
 FLOOD FORECASTING & WARNING
 FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
 FLOOD FIGHTING
 FLOOD PROOFING
 FLOOD INSURANCE
 Emergency evacuation area
NON STRUCTURAL MEASURES

20. Thank You For Bearing