Water is a vital resource for all life. However, 10% of India's rural and urban population lacks access to regular safe drinking water. Groundwater resources are being overexploited, causing problems like decreasing stream and river flows, rising salinity in coastal aquifers, and some aquifers being depleted entirely by heavy pumping. Population growth, urbanization, and industrialization are increasing pressure on water resources and ecosystems by driving up demand beyond natural supply levels in some areas.

1. WATER RESOURSES AND IT’S
CONVERSATION

2.  Water is a
vital
resource
which forms
the basis
need of all
life.

3.  Drinking water is not available during the critical
summer months
 10% of rural-urban population does not have access to
regular safe drinking water
 Chemically contains pose a very serious health hazard
in country
 Ingress of seawater into coastal aquifers as a result of
over extraction of ground water has made water
supplies more saline, unsuitable for drinking and
irrigation
Water Quality Problem IN India:

4. Source Of Water:

5. Surface Water Sources:
i. Ponds: Natural small sized depression formed on the surface
of earth filled with water known as Ponds.
ii. Lakes: Natural large sized depression formed on the surface of
earth filled with water known as Lakes.
iii. Streams: in hilly regions, small amount of water run towards
earth it is Streams.
iv. Rivers: Number of streams get together and make a Rivers.
v. Storage Reservoir: Constructed by hydraulic structure like
dams.
vi. Stored Rain Water: Water stored in tanks during rainy seasons.

6. 1. Springs: Natural outflow of ground water at earth’s surface is
said to form of spring.
2. Infiltration galleries: they are horizontal tunnels constructed
at shallow depth along bank of revers.
3. Wells: a vertical hole excavated in earth for bringing water.
-Dug Well have a big diameter, low discharge.
-Tube Well is bored into ground, intercepting more water
bearing streams, larger discharge
-Artesian well constructed previous layer, water comes with
pressure on surface
-Surface Water is collected from a river bed in French well,
perforated pipe are laid with slope towards center
Ground Water Resources:

7. Uses Of Water:

8.  Most of water consumed in
irrigation use.
 Need of water is cyclic an
vary from types of corps
Consumptive Uses:

9. Partial Consumptive use:
 Water is partially consumed an part of it is wasted as used
water
 60 to 80% supply to home is wasted
 They include water need for
1. Domestic or public water use
2. Fire water need
3. Institutional water need
4. Industrial water need
5. Thermal and nuclear power generation water need

10. Domestic water need:
 In
drinking,
bathing,
cooking,
washing
clothes,
cleaning
house,
vehicles,
etc.
Uses Water
requirement(liters)
Drinking 5
Cooking 5
Bathing 55
Washing of clothes 20
Washing of utensils 10
Cleaning houses 10
Flushing of water closets 30
Total 135 ipcd

11. Fire water needs:
 Separate provision is required for
high rising building
 Normally a community more then
50000 people provision is made as
per Q=100 𝑝.
Institutional water needs:
 Approximately 450lit/day is
required in hospital
 Similarly water requirement for
Hotels, Restaurants, Schools,
collages are different.

12. Industrial water needs:
 As a solvent
 Non processes use like cooling,
washing of machine, staff needs
 Paper industry needs 200-400 kl/ton
while petroleum needs 1-2kl/ton
Thermal and nuclear power
generation:
 To produce steam, for cooling
 200-250lit water used in 1 kilowatt
power generation

13. Non consumptive use:
 There is no direct consumption of water
 Lose of water due to evaporation
 Non consumptive uses of water are
1. Hydroelectric power generation
2. In land navigation
3. Pollution control
4. Recreational use

14. Hydroelectric power generation:
 It will use the energy of stored
water to turn prime movers to
produce electricity
In land navigation:
 An irrigation canal or a river can
also be use for in land navigation
 Water transport is the cheapest
means of transport

15. Pollution control:
 As a sink for waste disposal
 Use for diluting waste water
 In sedimentation, de-oxygenation, re-
oxygenation, biological degradation etc.
are involved in self purification of a river
Recreational use:
 Natural and artificial water bodies used
in this purpose
 Contact type uses are swimming and
bathing
 Non contact type use are fishing,
boating, water sport, sight seeing etc.

16. Overuses of water:
 Due to urbanization over use of water
occurs
 Water requirement is maximum on earth
for human
 Growth of population lead to competition
for water and create more demand
 Industrialization to services such as
tourism requires increased water services
including both supply and sanitation
which leads to more pressure on water
resources and ecosystem
 In some areas demands of water exceeds
nature’s supply

17. Problem due to over exploitation of water:
 Decreases in flow of stream and
rivers
 Wet land surface reduction
 Water logging, migration of
people
 Water level goes lower, wells go
dry
 Heavy pumping on broad scale
can deplete whole aquifer
 Increase in salinity of water
 Subsidence or settling of above
surface