This document discusses the use of anchoring techniques in civil engineering works such as construction, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and seismic retrofitting. It describes how anchoring can be used to join new components to existing structures without damaging the existing material. Two main types of anchors are discussed: mechanical anchors which work via friction and keying, and chemical anchors which work via bonding. Examples are given of applications of anchoring in areas like fixing grills, canopies, adding reinforcement, and attaching various fixtures and equipment. Guidance is provided on selecting the appropriate anchor type based on the loading requirements and substrate material.

1. ANCHORING IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING WORKS
Dr K M Soni, ADG(Retd.), CPWD,
New Delhi

2. CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
• CONSTRUCTION
• MAINTENANCE
• REPAIR AND REHABILITATION
• SEISMIC RETROFITTING
ANCHORING TECHNIQUES CAN BE USED IN ALL
SUCH WORKS

3. CONSTRUCTION
• ANCHORING IS REQUIRED TO JOIN A
COMPONENT OR MEMBER TO EXISTING
MEMBER. NORMALLY, IT IS DONE BY BREAKING
THE SUBSTRATE OR EXISTING SURFACE, PUT
SOME CONCRETE AND STEEL MEMBER
• IN CASE, SUCH ARRANGEMENT HAS BEEN
FORGOTTEN , IT IS BROKEN AND REDONE
• IN SUCH CASE, ANCHORING TECHNIQUE CAN BE
USED, AND ANCHORS FIXED

4. ANCHORING
• BASE OR SUBSTRATE SHOULD HAVE SUFFICIENT
STRENGTH TO TAKE LOADS
• ANCHORING CAN BE DONE IN HARD CONCRETE,
LOOSE CONCRETE, STONE MASONRY AND BRICK
MASONRY
• ANCHORS ARE AVAILABLE HEAVING HIGH AND LOW
STRENGTH AS PER REQUIREMENTS
• ANCHORING MAY REQUIRE BASE PLATES, ADHESIVES
AS PER SITE REQUIREMENTS
• NOW, MANY COMPANIES PROVIDE ANCHORS AND
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

5. FIXING GRILLS OR FENCING WITH
ANGLES ON BOUNDARY WALL
• CONSTRUCT THE BOUNDARY WALL
• LEAVE THE BRICKWORK/STONEWORK AT PLACES WHERE
GRILLS OR FRAMES OF SUPPORTS OF FENCING ARE TO BE
FIXED ELSE BREAK THE BRICKWORK OR STONEWORK
• ANCHORING DONE THROUGH MS ANGLES BY EMBEDDING IT
IN CONCRETE
• CONCRETE IS NOT PROPERLY CURED RESULTING IN LOW
STRENGTH AND POOR QUALITY
• PLASTERING IS NOT PROPER AS SHUTTERING OF
CONCRETING IS NOT PROPER

8. FIXING GRILLS OR FENCING WITH
ANGLES ON BOUNDARY WALL
• COMPLETE BOUNDARY WALL FIRST AND
THEN FIX GRILLS OR ANGLES WITHOUT
DAMAGING OR BREAKING
BRICKWORK/STONEWORK THROUGH
ANCHORING

9. FIXING OF CANOPIES

11. FIXING OF CANOPIES ON EXISTING
COLUMNS/WALLS

13. VERTICAL EXTENSION OF BUILDINGS
• SUPPOSE NO DOWEL BARS HAVE BEEN LEFT
FOR VERTICAL EXTENSION
• SUPPOSE SOME CONNECTIVITY IS REQUIRED
WITH EXISTING STRUCTURE,
• USE ANCHORING TECHNIQUES WITHOUT
DAMAGING EXISTING CONCRETE

14. ANCHOR BOLTS
• SUPPOSE YOU FORGOT TO CAST ANCHOR
BOLTS IN FOUNDATION OR BEAM FOR BASE
PLATE FIXING, USE ANCHORING TECHNIQUE

15. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE WORKS
• IN CASE OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE
WHERE ANCHORING IS REQUIRED, ANCHORS
CAN BE EASILY USED WITHOUT BREAKING OF
SUBSTRATE
• SUPPOSE A PIPE IS TO BE EMBEDDED ON
WALL WITHOUT BREAKING, ANCHORING CAN
BE RESORTED

16. REHABILITATION
• IN REHABILITATION WORKS WHERE EXTRA
REINFORCEMENT IS TO BE ADDED IN THE
FORM OF WIRE FABRIC/MESH, IT CAN BE
ANCHORED TO EXISTING STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS

18. SEISMIC RETROFITTING
• IN CASE OF SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF BRICK
MASONRY STRUCTURES, ANCHORING CAN
BE APPLIED

19. TYPES OF ANCHORS
• MECHANICAL ANCHORS
• CHEMICAL OR ADHESIVE OR RESIN ANCHORS

20. PRINCIPLES OF ANCHORING
• FRICTION
• KEYING
• BONDING
• COMBINATION OF ABOVE
MECHANICAL ANCHORS WORK ON THE PRINCIPLE OF FRICTION
AND KEYING
CHEMICAL ANCHORS WORK ON THE PRINCIPLE OF BONDING

21. MECHANICAL ANCHORS
• EXPANSION ANCHORS
– TORQUE EXPANDING ANCHORS
– DISPLACEMENT CONTROLLED ANCHORS
• NON EXPANSION ANCHORS
– UNDERCUT ANCHORS
– SELF TAPPING SCREW ANCHORS

22. https://blackz.fr/en/3302-mechanical-anchors

23. http://www.jsce.or.jp/committee/concrete/e/n
ewsletter/newsletter37/index_files/271/271.h
tml

24. https://en.sormat.com/
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10395177/

25. APPLICATIONS
• MECHANICAL ANCHORING SYSTEM CAN BE USED FOR
VARIOUS APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH TO MEDIUM AND
LIGHT LOADINGS.
• THESE ARE SUITABLE FOR HEAVY LOADINGS IN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION, AND DYNAMIC LOADING FROM RCC
COLUMNS AND MACHINES. FOR SUCH LOADS, HEAVY
DUTY ANCHORS ARE USED WHICH ARE SUITABLE FOR
NON CRACKED AND CRACKED CONCRETE BOTH. THEY
HAVE HIGH LOADING CAPACITY AND FORCE
CONTROLLED EXPANSION, AND THERE IS NO
ROTATION IN HOLE WHEN BOLT IS TIGHTENED.

26. MECHANICAL ANCHORS
• MEDIUM AND LIGHT DUTY ANCHORS ARE USED
IN FACADES, CURTAIN WALLS, CEILINGS,
ANGLES, TRACKS, CHANNELS, METALLIC
SECTIONS, BRACKETS, COLUMNS, AIR DUCTS,
SUSPENDED CEILINGS, ELECTRIC INSTALLATIONS
ETC. IN RCC. INSULATION FASTENERS ARE USED
FOR INSULATING MATERIALS IN CONCRETE,
BRICKS, AND HOLLOW BRICKWORK.

27. MECHANICAL ANCHORS
• For light load applications, various anchors
like frame anchors, impact anchors, cavity
anchors, hook anchors, wedge anchors etc
are also manufactured

28. CHEMICAL ANCHORS
• CHEMICAL ANCHORS ARE SUITABLE FOR CRACKED
AND UN-CRACKED CONCRETE, BRICKWORK, BLOCK
WORK, LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE WORK, STONE
WORK ETC. THUS CHEMICAL ANCHORS CAN BE USED
IN MOST CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS EXCEPT
FOR VERY HEAVY LOADING REQUIREMENTS.

29. https://www.hobson.com.au/page/conxtruct/c
hemical-anchor-conxtruct.php

30. CHEMICAL ANCHORS
• CHEMICAL ANCHORS ARE NON EXPANSION TYPE FASTENERS
THAT USED IN PRE-DRILLED HOLES. FIXING OF THE ANCHOR IS
ACHIEVED BY INSERTING A SUITABLE CURING RESIN INTO THE
HOLE. ANCHOR CAN BE LOADED ONCE CURING TIME HAS BEEN
REACHED. THEY HAVE GOOD LOAD CAPABILITY, GOOD RESISTANT
TO VIBRATION, ABLE TO COMPLETE SEALING OF HOLE, CAN BE
INSTALLED CLOSE TO EDGE AND HAS EXCELLENT HOLDING POWER
IN WEAK BASE MATERIALS
• CHEMICAL ANCHORING IS USED IN APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRES
A LIGHT, MEDIUM OR HEAVY-DUTY ANCHOR FOR FIXING INTO
CONCRETE, BRICK OR BLOCK BASE MATERIALS. THEY CAN BE USED
IN HOLDING DOWN FIXTURES SUCH AS MACHINERY, PUMPS,
MOTORS, FABRICATION AND SUSPENSION WORK, RAILING,
STAIRS, BALCONIES, ETC .

35. ANCHORING
• IF YOU WANT ANYTHING TO BE HANGED ON
ANY SURFACE WEAK OR STRONG, PROVIDED
SURFACE IS ABLE TO TAKE STRUCTURAL
LOAD, USE ANCHORING TECHNIQUES
• LET US SWITCH OVER TO FINISHED WORK
AND THEN USE ANCHORING TECHNIQUE FOR
FIXING ARRANGEMENTS

36. Thanks for attending
Dr K M Soni, ADG (Retd.), CPWD, New Delhi
Also available on Youtube: KRISHNA MURARI Soni at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_pPYxk0jI1ayqA5rO6fBOw