The document discusses the history and environmental impact of plastic, highlighting various types of plastics, their uses, and recycling challenges. It emphasizes the dangers of plastic waste to wildlife and ecosystems and suggests practical ways for individuals to reduce plastic consumption. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of responsible waste management practices as a fundamental duty for citizens to protect the environment.

1. PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
BY
Nikesh BaNWADE
ENVIRONMENT EXPERT

2. ORIGIN OF PLASTIC
The success and dominance of plastics
starting in the early 20th
century led to
environmental concerns regarding its
slow decomposition rate after being
discarded as trash. Towards the end
of the century, one approach to this proble
was met with wide efforts towards recyclin

3. INVENTION OF PLASTIC
• The first kind of artificial plastic called parkesina was created in 1856 by the
English chemist Alexander Parkes.
• In 1862 at the International Exhibition of London and in 1867 at the Exposition
Universelle of Paris he showed a series of objects made of this semisynthetic resin
which recalled ivory Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was first polymerised between
1838-1872.
• A key breakthrough came in 1907, when Belgian-American chemist Leo
Baekeland created Bakelite, the first real synthetic, mass-produced plastic.
• Year of plastic began in 1954 when Guilio Natta got Nobel prize for chemistry,
who made polypropylene

4. Classified by
Society of
Plastic
Industries
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1-PET
2-HDPE
3-PVC
4-LDPE
5-PP
6-PS
7-Others 5

5. POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE
Plastic marked with an SPI code of 1 is made with polyethylene terephthalate,
which is also known as PETE or PET. PETE -based containers sometimes
absorb odors and flavors from foods and drinks that are stored inside them.
Items made from this plastic are commonly recycled. PETE plastic is used to
make many common household items like beverage bottles, medicine jars,
peanut butter jars, combs, bean bags, and rope. Recycled PETE is used to
make tote bags, carpet, fiberfill material in winter clothing, and more.
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6. HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
The SPI code of 2 identifies plastic made with high-density polyethylene, or
HDPE. HDPE products are very safe and are not known to leach any
chemicals into foods or drinks. (However, due to the risk of contamination
from previously held substances, please note: it is NEVER safe to reuse an
HDPE bottle as a food or drink container if it didn’t originally contain food
or drink!) HDPE products are commonly recycled. Items made from this
plastic include containers for milk, motor oil, shampoos and conditioners,
soap bottles, detergents, and bleaches. Many personalized toys are made from
this plastic as well. Recycled HDPE is used to make plastic crates, plastic
lumber, fencing, and more.
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7. POLY VINYL CHLORIDE
Plastic labeled with an SPI code of 3 is made with polyvinyl
chloride, or PVC. PVC is not often recycled and can be harmful
if ingested. PVC is used for all kinds of pipes and tiles, but it's
most commonly found in plumbing pipes. This kind of plastic
should not come in contact with food items. Recycled PVC is used
to make flooring, mobile home skirting, and other

8. LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Plastic marked with an SPI code of 4 is made with low-density polyethylene, or
LDPE. LDPE is not commonly recycled, but it is recyclable in certain areas. It
tends to be both durable and flexible. It also is not known to release harmful
chemicals into objects in contact with it, making it a safe choice for food storage.
Plastic cling wrap, sandwich bags, squeezable bottles, and plastic grocery bags
all are made from LDPE. Recycled LDPE is used to make garbage cans, lumber,
furniture, and many other products seen in and around the house.

9. POLYPROPYLENE
Consumers will find the SPI code of 5 on plastic items made with
polypropylene, or PP. PP can be recycled but is not accepted for recycling
as commonly as PETE or HDPE. This type of plastic is strong and can
usually withstand higher temperatures. Among many other products, it is
used to make plastic diapers, Tupperware, margarine containers, yogurt
boxes, syrup bottles, prescription bottles, and some stadium cups. Plastic
bottle caps often are made from PP as well. Recycled PP is used to make ice
scrapers, rakes, battery cables, and similar items that need to be durable.
10

10. POLYSTYRENE
Plastic marked with an SPI code of 6 is made with polystyrene, also
known as PS and most commonly known as Styrofoam. PS can be
recycled, but not efficiently; recycling it takes a lot of energy, which
means that few places accept it. Disposable coffee cups, plastic food
boxes, plastic cutlery, packing foam, and packing peanuts are made from
PS. Recycled PS is used to make many different kinds of products,
including insulation, license plate frames, and rulers.

11. OTHERS
The SPI code of 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of plastic
that are not defined by the other six codes. Polycarbonate and
polylactide are included in this category. These types of plastics are
difficult to recycle. Polycarbonate, or PC, is used in baby bottles, large
water bottles (multiple-gallon capacity), compact discs, and medical
storage containers. Recycled plastics in this category are used to make
plastic lumber, among other products.
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12. WHY PLASTIC ?
Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility,
and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and
expanding range of products.
They have already displaced many traditional materials, such as
wood, stone, horn and bone, leather, paper, metal, glass, and
ceramic, in most of their former uses.
In fact plastic is viable alternative to cater to the growing needs of
increasing population.
CONVENIENCE ?08/09/2017 14

13. DISPOSABLE
Cup, Plate, Spoon, Fork, Pen, Carrybag,
Packing, Wrapper, Medical, Water
bottle, Chips,
Birthday and other functions
Diapers, Napkins, Tampons
Microbids*, Exfoliants
*Microbids are PE microspheres used in cosmetics as exfoliants.
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14. ADITIVES OR MODIFIERS
Plasticizers – to improve flexibility (phthalates)
Heat Stabilizers – prevent thermal degradation (lead
and cadmium)
Compatibilizers – to allow 2 or more materials to
coexist in polymer (i.e. ABS)
Dyes – to change color Fillers
– to improve strength
Light Stabilizers – reduce degradation from light
Antioxidants – to prevent oxidation
Flame Retardants and others……………….
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15. When hot, some plastics
emanate BPA which
causes serious ailments.
Avoid food / drink in plastic packing, containers
kept in open or in vehicle parked under the sun.
Avoid tea in plastic cup, bag.
Avoid disposable plate, spoon.
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16. Generating Plastic Waste
19

17. Plastic on tree – No fruits or leaves

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19. What is behind our world heritage?

20. No place left for kids to
play on beach
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22. F
l
o
o
d

23. 1 February 2017 31

24. Hon. Central Environment Minister stated that as much as 30 kg of plastic is found in
digestive track of dead animals. Cows are left to eat plastic scattered at every nuke
and corner. Cow is revered as the holiest symbol of devotion. By creating mounds of
plastic waste everywhere, aren’t we betraying on our fundamentals?
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25. Tonnes of plastic
waste has
accumulated at
the highest place
on the earth
The Indian
Army team aims
to bring waste
from the high-
altitude camps
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26. Plastic waste reached wildlife

27. Tears In Eyes -
The Height of
Inhumanity !
Researchers examining elephant dung in
the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in the
Nilgiris have found plastic, tetra packs and
small cups made of thermocol in the poop,
leading to concerns about enforcement of
rules for visitors to forest areas. During
temple festivals shops spring up on the
edge of forests and sell items in plastic
bags. Snacks as well as offering to the
deities are bagged in plastic, which the
pilgrims toss in the protected forest area
after use.
A few decades ago, temples used to
distribute food in bowls made of dried
banana or betel leaves, which are
biodegradable. Reintroducing this system in
temples, particularly those located inside
core zones, would help in reducing the
release of non-bio degradable waste in the
forest areas
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28. Plastic Waste reached Desert

29. Tourists leaving behind death trap

30. Plastics are
forever
If an elephant
dies, it will
vanish within
few weeks or
months but
small piece
of plastic will
remain for
centuries.

32. We are drowning in plastic
Our ancestors
lived happily
but we are
facing
enormous
problems
This hand will soon
disappear if we fail
to control our plastic
Image curtesy-TheGreenDivas.com
08/09/2017 waste 54

33. What footprints are we leaving?
We have not inherited the Earth from our ancestors
but borrowed from our children
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34. Threat to
Environment
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35. All the rubbish goes to water bodies / oceans
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39. On the verge of Extinction

40. Plastic pollution is
poisoning our food chain

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49. *Solid Waste Management Rules 2016.
All waste generators shall segregate and store the
waste generated by them in three separate streams
namely bio-degradable, non bio-degradable and
domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins.
*Article 51A of The Constitution of India 1949
51A Fundamental duties It shall be the duty of every
citizen of India to protect and improve the natural
environment including forests, lakes, rivers and
wildlife and have compassion for living creatures.

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51. • Reduce landfills
• Save greenhouse gases
• Create jobs
• Help needy by donating
• Enable more material recovery
• Reduce haulage and pollution
• Conserve embedded energy
• Creates wealth – 5% rebate
• Kids learn better practices
• Less litter and pests
• Support dignified, safe and hygienic livelihood
• Compost feeds earth
• Terrace garden is stress buster
• Veggies cook faster and taste better
• Keep home cool
108

52. 109

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55. Plastic to Fuel
Smt. t

56. The first and easiest step towards a
plastic pollution-free life is: Refuse it!
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60. One reusable bag will save thousands
of plastic bags going to landfill
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62. Just say no to
straws. One of the
easiest ways to
keep plastic out of
the landfill is to
refuse plastic
straws. Simply
inform your waiter
or waitress that you
don't need one, and
make sure to
specify this when
ordering. Swap
disposable plastic
straws for reusable
glass or plastic
straws.
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63. Ditch plastic wrap
(cling films) and
use these washable,
biodegradable
wraps instead.
131

64. Choose non-plastic toys, especially if
they’re in that ‘everything in the mouth’ stage.
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65. Avoid disposable diapers
by choosing cloth ones Instead.
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66. Swap plastic ice cube trays
for these neat stainless alternatives.
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67. Instead of disposable razors, use an electric
razor orsafety razor with replaceable metal blades.
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68. We can use Reusable Cotton Bags
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69. Gum was originally made from tree sap called chicle,
a natural rubber, but polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate began to replace the
natural rubber in most gum. Not only are you chewing on plastic, but you may
also be chewing on toxic plastic — polyvinyl acetate is manufactured using vinyl
acetate, a chemical shown to cause tumors in lab rats.

70. Buy laundry detergent and dish soap in boxes
instead of plastic bottles. Cardboard can be more easily recycled
and made into more products than plastic.
Refill Pack in card BoardPlastic Containers

71. You can buy a variety of
prepared foods in glass
jars instead of plastic
ones. Instead of throwing
these away or recycling
them, reuse the jars to
store food or take them
with you when you’re
buying bulk foods. If you
have plastic containers
leftover from yogurt,
butter or other food, don’t
throw them out. Simply
wash them and use them
to store food.
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72. By simply refilling a reusable bottle, you’ll prevent
some of these plastic bottles from ending up in landfills
and oceans

73. Whether you're picking up takeout or bringing
home your restaurant leftovers, be prepared with your own reusable
containers. When you place your order, ask if you can get the food placed in
your own container. Most restaurants will have no problem with it.

74. Opt for matches over disposable plastic lighters.
These cheap plastic devices sit in landfills for years and
have even been found in dead birds' stomachs.

75. Start keeping a set of utensils
with you like To-Go Ware's

76. Instead of buying juice in plastic bottles, make your own
fresh-squeezed juice or simply eat fresh fruit. Not only does this cut down
on plastic waste, but it's also better for you because you'll be getting more
vitamins and antioxidants and less high fructose corn syrup.

77. There's no need for multiple plastic bottles of tile cleaner, toilet cleaner and
window cleaner if you have a few basics on hand like baking soda and vinegar.
So free up some space, save some cash, and avoid those toxic chemicals by
making your own cleaning products.

78. Instead of packing snacks and sandwiches in bags, put them
in reusable containers you have at home. You can also opt
for fresh fruit instead of single-serving fruit cups.

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80. Alternate material
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81. Alternate material
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89. Thanks
*Content Material taken from Plastic Pollution Coalition, 5 Gyres, Mother Nature,
Network, Say No To Plastic Bags, COPAL and other sources with thanks.
Meant for educational purposes only