The document discusses the evolution of cities from early nomadic tribes to modern urban areas and outlines 6 converging global crises: population growth, water scarcity, species extinction, oil depletion, food insecurity, and climate change. It then introduces the biocity model, which views the city as an ecological system and aims to design urban areas that are resilient, carbon neutral, and interact symbiotically with their surrounding bioregions. The biocity approach assigns economic value to natural capital and aims to develop self-sufficient local resources through cradle-to-cradle processes.

1. Presented by Adrian McGregor

2. /Bionic Urbanism

3. EVOLUTION
OF CITIES
CONVERGING
GLOBAL
CRISES
THE
BIOCITY
MODEL

4. 1.0
EVOLUTION
OF CITIES

5. Hunters & gatherers
nomadic tribespre. 4000B.C.

6. Origin of agriculture
‘Tillage of the soil’approx. 4000B.C.
The plough was invented in
neolithic revolution... Mooo!

7. Growth of crops &
animal husbandry

8. Start Of Sedentary
Communities & Trade
Along Trail Systems

9. Self organising cities spawned
along the trade routes
Emergent
Spacial
Patterns

10. Termite Architecture!

11. UkManchester Self Organising City
Ad.900-1850

12. City
Adapt
Clim
ate
Crisis
Develop
Resilience
Iraq 6000B.C.Ancient citadel of Arbill

13. City
Adapt
Clim
ate
Crisis
Develop
Resilience
Favela da Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro

14. 14
Emergent City
Timbuktu
Planned City
Timbuktu

15. Planned Cities.
Scott Hawken: Hydraulic
Settlement of the Greater Angkor
Urban Complex

16. PLANNED
CITIES
16
Planned Cities.
Garden City
Movement 1890’s

17. 17
UsaStirling Ridge, Florida

18. URB
ANIS
ATIO
N.
Demographic transition from rural to urban
shift from agriculture-based economy to
industry, technology and service
AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
MOVE TO THE CITIES.

19. ~1800
POPULATION
LIVING
IN CITIES3%

20. POPULATION
LIVING
IN CITIES50%
~2010

21. POPULATION
LIVING
IN CITIES70%
~2050

22. Cities have
become...
The major
habitat of the
human race

23. CITY HEALTH = HUMAN HEALTH

24. Global
Cities
> 4.3K. Cities
Above 150K. TOKYO
34,600,000
20
MEGA
CITIES
> 10 mil.
455 @ 1,000,000+
1054 @ 500,000+
2851 @ 150,000+

25. Between 1995 & 2005, the urban
population of developing countries
grew by an average of 1.2 million
people per week, or around 165 000
people every day. UN Habitat

26. MEGARegions.
As cities merge:
Tokyo
Nagoya
Osaka
Kyoto
&
Kobe
60,000,000

27. 650 950%
350 650%
950 1250%
1250 1550%
+1550%
+1250%
+650%
+650%
+650%+350%
+350%
+950%
+1250%31 FASTEST
GROWING
CITIES
No.1 China

28. - 5.0 - 9.0%
- 0.6 - 5.0 %
- 9.0 - 14.0
- 14.0 -18.0
-5%
-5%
-5%
-14%
-9%
-9%
-9%
-9%
-9%
-5%
-5%
-16%
-15%
31 FASTEST
SHRINKING
CITIES
No.1 Russia & Ukraine

29. POPULATION BY
LONGITUDE &
LATITUDE, 2000

31. Seniors now
out-number toddlers
AGING

32. 1.5 billion people live in
wealthy countries

33. 4 billion people live in
middle income countries

34. Population by 2050
9 BILLION
with 6.3 billion in more than
4000 cities.

35. / CONVERGING
GLOBAL CRISES2.0

36. 6Crises
POPULATION
GROWTH
!
WATER
!
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
!
OIL DEPLETION
!
FOOD
!
CLIMATE CHANGE

37. POPULATION
GROWTH
!
WATER
!
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
!
OIL DEPLETION
!
FOOD
!
CLIMATE CHANGE

38. COMMERCIAL OIL
PORDUCTION BEGINS
PEAK OIL OIL SUPPLY
EXHAUSTION
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
WORLD OIL
CONSUMPTION
WORLD
OIL&GAS
PRODUCTION
POPULATION
GROWTH
/ POPULATION GROWTH

39. 200 million women have
unmet needs for
contraception.
BIRTH CONTROL

40. 1 billion live in slums
POVERTY

41. 3 billion live on
$2.00 a day

42. POPULATION
GROWTH
!
WATER
!
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
!
OIL DEPLETION
!
FOOD
!
CLIMATE CHANGE

43. 1 billion are obese.

44. 1 billion are hungry.

45. ARAL SEA
POPULATION
GROWTH
!
WATER
!
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
!
OIL DEPLETION
!
FOOD
!
CLIMATE CHANGE

46. AVERAGE NATIONAL WATER FOOTPRINTS
[water sourced externally as %]
2842Kl /yrUSA
20.2%
11.8%
2315 Kl /yrAUSTRALIA
10%
CHINA 1071Kl /yr
76.9%
JAPAN
1379Kl /yr
68.8%
GERMANY 1426Kl /yr
GLOBAL 1385Kl /yr
Data Source:
2011 Mekonnen, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011) National water footprint accounts: the green, blue and grey water footprint of production and consumption, Value of
Water Research Report Series No. 50, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.

47. POPULATION
GROWTH
!
WATER
!
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
!
OIL DEPLETION
!
FOOD
!
CLIMATE CHANGE

48. / BIOLOGICAL CAPITAL
BEING USED UP

49. COMMERCIAL OIL
PORDUCTION BEGINS
PEAK OIL OIL SUPPLY
EXHAUSTION
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
/ SPECIES EXTINCTION

50. POPULATION
GROWTH
!
WATER
!
SPECIES
EXTINCTION
!
OIL DEPLETION
!
FOOD
!
CLIMATE CHANGE

51. ?WHY DID THE URBAN
POPULATION GROW
SO FAST?

52. Fossil fuels have enabled
rapid human expansion
SUPER GROWTH

53. 1850s
US first commercial
oil extraction

54. / OIL DEPLETION

55. 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
0
20
40
60
80
COMMERCIAL OIL
PORDUCTION BEGINS
PEAK OIL OIL SUPPLY
EXHAUSTION
/ WORLD OIL CONSUMPTION
/ WORLD OIL SUPPLY

56. COMMERCIAL OIL
PORDUCTION BEGINS
PEAK OIL OIL SUPPLY
EXHAUSTION
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
/ SPECIES EXTINCTION
/ WORLD OIL CONSUMPTION

57. COMMERCIAL OIL
PORDUCTION BEGINS
PEAK OIL OIL SUPPLY
EXHAUSTION
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
/ POPULATION GROWTH
/ SPECIES EXTINCTION

58. 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
WORLD OIL CONSUMPTION
SPECIES EXTINCTION
WORLD POPULATION IN
BILLIONS
WORLD OIL & GAS SUPPLY2.5
5.0
7.5
10
COMMERCIAL OIL
PORDUCTION BEGINS
PEAK OIL OIL SUPPLY
EXHAUSTION

59. Oil discovered 1966, 25% of
worlds crane in 2099
Dubai ‘Instant City’

60. Global Building Datascape
40%of global energy [including embodied energy in materials]
40%demolition and construction waste makes up landfill
32%of the world’s consumed resources
Green Building Australia 2010
19%of global electricity lighting consumes
40% emissions generation and single largest
contributor to greenhouse gas emissions

61. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
CHEMICALS
PETROL FOR VEHICLES
JET FUEL PARRAFIN FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
DIESEL FUELS
LUBRICATING OILS, WAXES, POLISHES
FUELS FOR SHIPS, FACTORIES, CENTRAL HEATING
BITUMEN FOR ROADS AND ROOFING
C1 to C4 gases
C5
- Cg
naphtha
C5
- C10
petrol (gasoline)
C10
- C16
kerosine (paraffin oil)
C14
- C20
deisel oils
C20
- C50
lubricating oil
C20
- C70
fuel oil
> C70
residue
600°C
270°C
170°C
120°C
BOILER
CRUDE
OIL
20°C
CRUDE OIL
PRODUCTS

63. OIL DEPLETION
OCEAN SURFACE
DEEP OCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
RESPERATION
BURNING
CO2EXCHANGE
DEEP CIRCULTIONSINKING SEDIMENT
PHOTOPLANKTON
WEATHERING RUNOFF
SOIL & ORGANIC MATTER
GREEN HOUSE GASSES
VEGETATION
ROCK FORMATIONSEDIMENTS &
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
COAL
OIL
GAS
BURNINGFOSSILFULES
BURNINGFOSSILFULES
DECAY

64. AVAILABLE
GLOBAL
CARBON
CARBON(BILLIONTONS)
COAL
OIL
NATURAL GAS
0
1250
2500
3750
5000
IPCC MAXIMUM
CARBON
EMISSION
TO PREVENT
CATASTROPHIC
WARMING
350 PPM

66. Super
Greenhouse
Anoxic Event

67. Jared Diamond
5 Point Framework
Civilization Collapse

68. HOSTILE
NEIGHBORS
4.
FRIENDLY
TRADE
PARTNERS
2.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
3. SOCIETAL
RESPONSE
TO
PROBLEMS
5.
ENVIRON-
ENTAL
DAMAGE
1.

70. CITIES NEED TO ADAPT TO
CONVERGING CRISES
TO DEVELOP RESILIENCE
THROUGH BIOMIMICRY BY
BORROWING THE SYSTEMS AND
PROCESSES OF NATURE

71. Next Generation CitiesLow Carbon ∙ Smart Cities ∙ Habitat Creation ∙ Public Transport ∙ Local Production ∙ Industrial Ecology ∙
Social Networking ∙ Pedestrian Focus ∙ Green Buildings ∙ Density Local Employment ∙ Resource Efficiency
Low Carbon Smart Cities Habitat Creation Public Transport Local Production Industrial Ecology
Social Networking Pedestrian Focus Green Buildings Density Local Employment Resource Efficiency

72. Urban Land-Use Ownership
PRIVATE
SECTOR
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
RETROFIT
INFRASTRUCTURE
STATE
GOVERNMENT
Residential
Commerical
Industrial60%
Non-arterial Roads
Open Space
Buildings30%
Other:
Roads
Railways & Buildings10%

73. p.55
III
Top Countries with Installed Renewable Electricity by Technology
Solar PV (2006)*
å Germany
ç Japan
é U.S.
è Spain
ê Italy / Netherlands
Biomass (2006)
å U.S.
ç Brazil
é Philippines
è Germany /
Sweden /
Finland
Geothermal (2006)
å U.S.
ç Philippines
é Mexico
è Indonesia / Italy
CSP (2006)
å U.S.
ç Spain
Wind (2006)
å Germany
ç U.S.
é Spain
è India
ê Denmark
Hydropower (2005)
å China
ç U.S.
é Canada
è Brazil
ê Russia
é
ê
å
è
ç
é
åå
çé
è
êå åå
ç
é
èè
è
ç
ç
é
è
è
è
ç
* Grid connected
ê
ê

74. 100%of its electricity from renewables
Iceland Produces

75. 51%of the renewable energy in
Germany is owned by citizens
and farmers, not energy
companies

76. “The Australia cleantech sector
boasts revenue of $29 billion a year
and employs 53,000 people”
Making it larger than Australia’s Automotive industry and one
quarter the size of the country’s entire manufacturing sector
!
!
Giles Parkinson, Renew Economy, 18 March

77. EU Pledges
20% of all new
spending to climate
action. (350.org)

78. WATER SUPPLY CITY SEWERED CITY DRAINED CITY WATERWAYS CITY WATER CYCLE CITY
BIONIC
CITY
Cumulative Cultural Drivers
System Advancement
Water
Supply
access &
security
Public Health
Protection
Flood
Protection
Social, amenity
environmental
Protection
Limits on
natural
resources
Intergeneratio
nal equity,
resilience to
climate
change
Supply
Hydraulics
Separate
sewerage
schemes
Drainage
channelisation
Point &
diffuse
source
pollution
management
Diverse, fit-for-
purpose
sources &
conservation,
waterway
protection
Adaptive,
green
infrastructur
e & urban
design
Data Source:
After Brown, Keath and Wong (2009) Wat. Sci. & Tech.
59:5, 847-855

79. 3.0 The Biocity Model

80. ANTHROPOCENTRIC CITY MODEL - CITY DIVORCED FROM ECOLOGY
natural capital and waste have negligible economic value

81. Wetland/Savanah Biotope
Forest Biotope
Tundra Biotope
Urban Biotope
- Self contained ecoogical unit
- carbon release and sequestration
- renewable energy driven
- uses bio-economic model
that assigns value to natural capital
- cradle to crade processes
- interacts with adjacent biotopes
in mutually benficial relationship
Ocean Biotope
BIOCITY MODEL
city as ecological suprasystem - an urban biotype

82. HEALTH
HUMANITY
CULTURE
EDUCATION
CONSULTATION
DESIG
N
HERITAGE
BIO
CAPACITY
LANDCLEARED
SPECIESEXTINCTIONFRESHWATER
SPECIESEXTINCTIONTERRESTRIAL
VEGETATIONCOVER
BIO
REG
IO
N
S
COMMUNITY REVEGETATIO
N
LAND NIATIONAL PARKS
LAND RESTORED
SPECIES DECLIN
E FRESHWATER
SPEC
IES
D
EC
LIN
E
M
ARIN
E
SPECIESDECLIN
ETERRESTRIAL
REMINANT HABITAT
ECOLOGICALSERVICES
PARKS
AND
OPEN
SPACES
ECONOM
IC
VALUE
OXYGEN
WILDERNESS
PHARMACEUTICALS
BIODIVERSITY
BIOCAPACITY
LANDCLEAREDSPECIESEXTINCTIONFRESHWATER
SPECIESEXTINCTIONTERRESTRIAL
VEGETATIONCOVER
BIO
REG
IO
N
S
COMMUNITY REVEGETATION
LAND NIATIONAL PARKS
LAND RESTORED
SPECIES DECLINE FRESHWATER
SPEC
IES
D
EC
LIN
E
M
ARIN
E
SPECIESDECLINETERRESTRIAL
REMINANT HABITAT
ECOLOGICALSERVICES
PARKS
AND
OPEN
SPACES
ECONOM
IC
VALUE
OXYGEN
WILDERNESS
PHARMACEUTICALS
BIODIVERSITY
OIL
ELECTRICTY
OZONE
NATURALGAS
ENERGY
NATURALGASEXPORTS
ENERGYUSENATURALGAS
RESERVES
O
IL
EXPO
RTS
OILIMPORTS
OILPRODUCTION
SPECIESDECLINEFRESHWATER
OILPROVIDEDRESERVCES
NATURALGASEXPORTS
ENERGYUSENATURALGAS
RESERVES
O
IL
EXPO
RTS
OILIMPORTS
OILPRODUCTION
SPECIESDECLINEFRESHWATER
OILPROVIDEDRESERVCES
OIL
ELECTRICTY
OZONE
NATURALGAS
ENERGY
COMMODITY
LABOR
TAX
GROWTH
EM
PLOYM
ENT
DEBT
INFLATION
ECONOMY
G
DP
EXCHANGERATE
PU
RC
H
ASE
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY TERTIARY
LABORINDUSTRYPRIMARY
LABORINDUSTRYTERTIARY
LABORINDUSTRYSECONDARY
CENTRALBANKDISCOUNTRATE
CHILDRENINJOBLESSFAMILIES
COM
M
ERCIAL
BANK
PRIM
E
LENDING
RATE
DEBTEXTERNAL
DISTRIBUTIONOFFAMILYINCOMEINDEXEMPLOYMENTINDUSTRY
INVESTMENT
UNEMPLOYED
ECONOMICGROWTH
EXPORTSCOMMODITIES
EXPO
RTS
PARTN
ERS
IMPORTS
COMMODITIES
IMPORTS PARTNERS
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
INFLATION RATE
INTEREST RATES
RESERVES
FORIGN
EXCHANGE
STOCK OF DOMESTIC CREDIT
STOCK OF MONEY
STOCK OF QUASI MONEY
TAX GATE TOP BRACKET
IN
VESTM
EN
T
NATURALRESOURCES
PUBLIC
DEBT
NATURAE
TOURISM
EXCHANGERATE
PU
RC
H
ASE
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY TERTIARY
LABORINDUSTRYPRIMARY
LABORINDUSTRYTERTIARY
LABORINDUSTRYSECONDARY
CENTRALBANKDISCOUNTRATE
CHILDRENINJOBLESSFAMILIES
COM
M
ERCIAL
BANK
PRIM
E
LENDING
RATE
DEBTEXTERNAL
DISTRIBUTIONOFFAMILYINCOMEINDEX
EMPLOYMENTINDUSTRY
INVESTMENT
UNEMPLOYED
ECONOMICGROWTH
EXPORTSCOMMODITIES
EXPO
RTS
PARTN
ERS
IMPORTS
COMMODITIES
IMPORTS PARTNERS
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
INFLATION RATE
INTEREST RATES
RESERVES
FORIGN
EXCHANGE
STOCK OF DOMESTIC
CREDIT
STOCK OF MONEY
STOCK OF QUASI MONEY
TAX GATE TOP BRACKET
INVESTM
ENT
NATURALRESOURCES
PUBLIC
DEBT
NATURAE
TOURISM
COMMODITY
LABOR
TAX
GROWTH
EM
PLOYM
ENT
DEBT
INFLATION
ECONOMY
G
DP
GMORGANICS
CROPCIRCLE
PLASTICSANDETHANOL
IRRIGATED
LAND
FOOD
PEAK PHOSPHOROUS
GMORGANICS
CROPCIRCLE
PLASTICSANDETHANOL
IRRIGATED
LAND
FOOD
PEAK PHOSPHOROUS
GMORGANICS
CROPCIRCLE
PLASTICSANDETHANOL
IRRIGATED
LAND
FOOD
PEAK PHOSPHOROUS
POLITICAL PARTIES
GOVERNMENTSPENDING
GOVERNANCE
SPEMDING
ORGANIZATION
INFERSTRUCTURE
MILITARY EXPENDITURES
M
ILITARY
SERVICE
MILITRAY
AGE
SUFFRAGE
SPEMDING
ORGANIZATION
INFERSTRUCTURE
MILITARY EXPENDITURES
M
ILITARY
SERVICE
MILITRAY
AGE
SUFFRAGE
POLITICAL PARTIES
GOVERNMENTSPENDING
GOVERNANCE
FUNDING
ARTS
MUSEUMS
LANGUAGES
SPOKEN
LITERACY
TOALPOPULATION
SCHOOLLIFEEXPECTANCYFEMALE
SCHOOLLIFEEXPECTANCYMALE
LIETRACY
FEM
ALE
LITERACYFEMALE
FUNDINGPRIVATEEDUCATION
FUNDINGPUBLICEDUCATION
LANGUAGESSPOKEN
CHILDHODOBSITY
DISEASERESPIATORY DISEASEWATERCONTACT
CANCERRATE AVERAGE
HOURS
TV/DAY
ACCESSTOSTANDARDWATER
ALCOHOLCONSUMPTION/PERCAPITA
ALTERNATIVE
,M
EDICINE
REVENUES
HEALTH
SYSTEM
PRIVATE
HEALTH
SYSTEM
PUBLIC
HEALTH DISEASE RATE
HEALTHSYSTEMFREE
DISEASESVECTORBORNE
DISEASES
AERO
SO
LIZED
DUST
O
R
SO
IL
DISEASESANIMALCONTACT
DISEASESFOORORWATERBORNE
SMOKERS
TOTALFERTILITYRATE
UNDERWEIGHT
PUBLICHEALTHFUNDING
OBSITYLEVELS
LIFEEXPECTANCYATBIRTHMALE
LIFEEXPECTANCYATBIRTHTOTALPOPULATION
M
ALN
U
TRITIO
N
LEVELS
INDIGENOUS
M
ORTALITY
INFANT M
ORTALITY
RATE
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH FEMALE
HOSPITALS
HOSPITALBEDS
HIV/AIDS
ADULTPREVALENCE
RATE
HIV/AIDSDEATHS
AIV/AIDSPEOPLELIVEINGWITHHIV/AIDS
FUNDING
ARTS
MUSEUMS
LANGUAGES
SPOKEN
LITERACY
TOALPOPULATION
SCHOOLLIFEEXPECTANCYFEMALE
SCHOOLLIFEEXPECTANCYMALE
LIETRACY
FEM
ALE
LITERACYFEMALE
FUNDINGPRIVATEEDUCATION
FUNDINGPUBLICEDUCATION
LANGUAGESSPOKEN
CHILDHODOBSITY
DISEASERESPIATORY DISEASEWATERCONTACT
CANCERRATE AVERAGE
HOURS
TV/DAY
ACCESSTOSTANDARDWATER
ALCOHOLCONSUMPTION/PERCAPITA
ALTERNATIVE
,M
EDICINE
REVENUES
HEALTH
SYSTEM
PRIVATE
HEALTH
SYSTEM
PUBLIC
HEALTH DISEASE RATE
HEALTHSYSTEMFREE
DISEASESVECTORBORNE
DISEASES
AERO
SO
LIZED
DUST
O
R
SO
IL
DISEASESANIM
ALCONTACT
DISEASESFOORORWATERBORNE
SMOKERS
TOTALFERTILITYRATE
UNDERWEIGHT
PUBLICHEALTHFUNDING OBSITYLEVELS
LIFEEXPECTANCYATBIRTHMALE
LIFEEXPECTANCYATBIRTHTOTALPOPULATION
M
ALN
U
TRITIO
N
LEVELS
INDIGENOUS
M
ORTALITY
INFANT M
ORTALITY
RATE
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH FEMALE
HOSPITALS
HOSPITALBEDS
HIV/AIDS
ADULTPREVALENCE
RATE
HIV/AIDSDEATHS
AIV/AIDSPEOPLELIVEINGWITHHIV/AIDS
HEALTH
HUMANITY
CULTURE
EDUCATION
CONSULTATION
DESIG
N
HERITAGE
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSPORT
ROBOTICSARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE
FIBREOPTIC
QUANTUM COMPUTING
IT
AIRPORTS
PU
BLIC
TRAN
SPO
RT
FREIGHTTERMINALS
MERCHANTMARINECAPACITY
RAILWAYS
ROADS
TRAN
SPO
RT
AIRPORTS
PU
BLIC
TRAN
SPO
RT
FREIGHTTERMINALS
MERCHANTMARINECAPACITY
RAILWAYS
ROADS
TRAN
SPO
RT
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSPORT
ROBOTICSARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE
FIBREOPTIC
QUANTUM COMPUTING
IT
DWELLING
URBAN
STRUCTURE
BUILDINGS
PUBLICREALM
INFERSTRUCTURE
TYPE FREESTANDING HOUSES
SLUM
POPULATION
TENURE
RENTERS
LONEPERSONHOUSEHOLDS
TYPE FREESTANDING HOUSES
TYPE APARTMENTS
RATIO
AVERAGEAGE
AVERAGEPERSONA/HOUSEHOLD
SIZE
DENSITY
VACANCYRATEINDUSTRIALURBANISATIO
N
RATIO
RESIDENTIAL
ROAD COVERAGE
GREEN ROOF
IMPERVIOUS SURFACES
SLUM
POPULATION
POPULATIONDENSITY
HOMELESSNESS
HOMELESSNESS
TYPE FREESTANDING HOUSES
SLUM
POPULATION
TENURE
RENTERS
LONEPERSONHOUSEHOLDS
TYPE FREESTANDING HOUSES
TYPE APARTMENTS
RATIO
AVERAGEAGE
AVERAGEPERSONA/HOUSEHOLD
SIZE
DENSITY
VACANCYRATEINDUSTRIAL
URBANISATIO
N
RATIO
RESIDENTIAL
ROAD COVERAGE
GREEN ROOF
IMPERVIOUS SURFACES
SLUM
POPULATION
POPULATIONDENSITY
HOMELESSNESS
HOMELESSNESS
DWELLING
URBAN
STRUCTURE
BUILDINGS
PUBLICREALM
INFERSTRUCTURE
POLLUTION
EMISSIONS
GHG
WASTE
WASTE
AGRICULTUREFOODANDOTHERLANDUSE
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
EN
ERG
Y
AN
D
C
H
P
DOMESTIC
AVIATION
ELECTRICITY
COMERCIALANDINSTITUTIONAL
METALINDUSTRY
COAL
TRANSPORTATION TRUCKS
MINERALINDUSTRY
RESIDENTIAL
ROAD TRANSPORTATION LDVS
FUEL
O
IL
GASOLINE
JETFUEL
NATURALGASWATER
UPSTREAMELECTRICTYGRID
SEAFOOD
FOODOTHER
FOODMEAT
FO
O
D
CEREALS
FOODDAIRY
FOODFRUIT
ONSITERENEWABLE
IN
TERN
ATIO
N
AL
AVIATIO
N
INTERNATIONALMARINE
INCINERATION
WASTE
MARINE
CONSTRUCTION
M
ATERIALS
DEISEL
ELECTRICTYGRID
INCINERATION
RAILW
AYS
STEEL
CEMENT
BRICKS
PRODUCED
GROSS
PUTRECBLE
GROSS
PUTRECIBLEWASTEASBIOFUELS
WASTERECYCLEDINDUSTRIAL
WASTERECYCLEDRESIDENTIAL
FACILITIES MODERN
WASTE RECYCLED COMMERCIAL
PROCESSINGTECHNIQUERECYCLING
PROCESSINGTECHNIQUELANDFILL
PROCESSINGTECHNIQUEINCINERATION
NUCLEAR
W
ASTE
EXPORT
NUCLEAR
W
ASTE
IM
PORT
NUCLEARWASTESTORAGE
FACILITIES OUT DATED
FUEL
O
IL
GASOLINE
JETFUEL
NATURALGASWATER
UPSTREAMELECTRICTYGRID
SEAFOOD
FOODOTHER
FOODMEAT
FO
O
D
CEREALS
FOODDAIRY
FOODFRUIT
ONSITERENEWABLE
IN
TERN
ATIO
N
AL
AVIATIO
N
INTERNATIONALMARINE
AGRICULTUREFOODANDOTHERLANDUSE
INCINERATION
WASTE
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
EN
ERG
Y
AN
D
C
H
P
DOMESTIC
AVIATION
ELECTRICITY
COMERCIALANDINSTITUTIONAL
MARINE
CONSTRUCTION
M
ATERIALS
DEISEL
ELECTRICTYGRID
METALINDUSTRY
INCINERATION
COAL
TRANSPORTATION TRUCKS
MINERALINDUSTRY
RAILW
AYS
RESIDENTIAL
ROAD TRANSPORTATION LDVS
STEEL
CEMENT
BRICKS
PRODUCED
GROSS
PUTRECBLE
GROSS
PUTRECIBLEWASTEASBIOFUELS
WASTERECYCLEDINDUSTRIAL
WASTERECYCLEDRESIDENTIAL
FACILITIES MODERN
WASTE RECYCLED COMMERCIAL
PROCESSINGTECHNIQUERECYCLING
PROCESSINGTECHNIQUELANDFILL
PROCESSINGTECHNIQUEINCINERATION
NUCLEAR
W
ASTE
EXPORT
NUCLEAR
W
ASTE
IM
PORT
NUCLEARWASTESTORAGE
FACILITIES OUT DATED
POLLUTION
EMISSIONS
GHG
WASTE
WASTE
NONPOTABLE
WASTEWATER
PO
TABLE
W
ATER
DISCHARGE
FRESHWATER
RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES
WATERFOORPRINT
WATER
PERSONAL WATER USE
NONPOTABLE
WASTEWATER
PO
TABLE
W
ATER
DISCHARGE
FRESHWATER
RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES
WATERFOORPRINT
WATER
PERSONAL WATER USETEN SYSTEMS AND INDICATORS

83. Eum Yang Seoul, South Korea

90. Parramatta River Urban Strategy Parramatta, Sydney

91. Saltwater
Freshwater
City Brand
Parramatta River City
Where The Waters Meet

92. Circular Quay
‘Parramatta Quay’
City Brand

93. ChurchSt.
400m
Railway Station
Parramatta Quay
SmithSt.
Civic Plaza
Existing Weir
Existing Wharf
Parramatta North
Parramatta Quay

100. Callan Park Sydney, Australia

112. Green Square Town Centre Public Domain Sydney, Australia

119. 06 water

121. SHEAS Stream - dry weather

122. SHEAS Stream - wet weather

123. Mildura Riverfront Mildura, Australia

138. Former BP Site Waverton, Sydney

139. green gateway to the inner harbour
BP and Ballast Point Parks

152. Ballast Point Park Birchgrove, Sydney

158. Masterplan

184. National Gallery Australia Parliamentary Triangle, Canberra

199. 7m Bar Underwood Lane, Sydney

204. Biocity studio

207. REFERENCES
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Slide Number:
2. http://networksandservers.blogspot.com.au/2011/02/future-of-computers-artificial.html
4. S.F. EXAMINER FILE PHOTO - http://www.sfexaminer.com/news/2012/12/city-issues-meningitis-health-advisory-gay-men-traveling-new-york
and http://newevolutiondesigns.com/images/freebies/city-wallpaper-11.jpg
5. http://www.jozan.net/2004/images/Birjand/B.Nomadic%20Tribes.12.jpg
6. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_AUrbDSzDvMs/TD1VfEq1KfI/AAAAAAAABO8/XOFwY2m5b6g/s1600/following_plough.jpg
7. http://www.hudsonfla.com/19hst.htm
8. http://ipc-undp.provisorio.ws/WordPress_Advocacy/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Humanizing_Market.jpg
9. http://www.flickr.com/photos/rcl_cbc/
10. http://d1vmp8zzttzftq.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/massive-cathedral-termite-mounds-nasutitermes-triodae-in-kakadu-national-park-australia-1600x1066.jpg
11. Manchester, UK , Google Earth Images
12. Arbill
13. http://palassiter.wordpress.com/travel-photos/favela-rocinha/
14. Timbuktu – Google Earth Images
15. Scott Hawken: Hydraulic Settlement of the Greater Angkor Urban Complex
16. http://geopolicraticus.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/industrial-city.jpg
17. Sterling Ridge I (c) 2008 Christoph Gielen. Courtesy Daniel Cooney Fine Art, New York.Sterling Ridge I (c) 2008 Christoph Gielen. Courtesy Daniel Cooney Fine Art, New York.
18. http://pictures.4ever.eu/fun/traffic-jam-in-los-angeles-154350
22. http://science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2010-news/SchusterMiller2-2010
23. http://spotonlists.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ganges-pollution-1.jpg
24. http://www.matbaker.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Shanghi-Apartments.jpg
25. UN Habitat (text)
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_VQWliR92IT4/THx5_qXbnVI/AAAAAAAAASA/oGXpEAd8aGU/s1600/IMG_5437.JPG(Image)
34. http://www.wearethegoodlife.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ShibuyaCrossing_ShibuyaNov2012_Blotto_1769.jpg
36. http://i.imgur.com/lq5ZT.jpg
37. http://metalgeamonkey.deviantart.com/art/Crowd-319405950
38. http://ufvcascade.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Aids_is_commons_in_Africa.jpeg
39. http://onlyhdwallpapers.com/
41. http://heckeranddecker.wordpress.com/2008/10/23/vernacular-urbanism-part-iii/
42. http://carecanada.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/koundougou-jeunes-filles-et-dattes-sauvages1.jpg
45. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Moynaq,_Aral_Sea_(6226842732).jpg
47. http://suzukielders.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/polar-bear1.png
48. http://www.naturschatz.org/waldbild/aktuell/ingmarlee/download/king_island_logging2008.jpg
50. http://www.metrolic.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/alex1915aug04-g12.jpg
52. http://www.constructivemedia.com.au/products-services/
53. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/08/dayintech_0827
54. http://www.energybc.ca/matters/peak/depleted.html
59. http://www.menainfra.com/news/dubai-construction-recovering/
65. http://lenscanvas.com/hurricane-sandy-pictures-floods-fire-snow-in-the-aftermath/
67. http://www.travelimg.org/the-maya-city-of-tikal-guatemala.html
69. http://0.tqn.com/d/goafrica/1/0/6/H/IMG_1934.JPG
70. http://6legs2many.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/fire_ant_forking_raft_bridge.jpg
74. http://reneweconomy.com.au/2012/iceland-a-100-renewables-example-in-the-modern-era-56428
75. http://www.renewablepowernews.com/wp-content/uploads/renewable-energy3.jpg
76. http://econews.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Clonsurry-Solar-Farm-similar-System2.jpg
77. http://euobserver.com/media/src/cfda07afa91cc1be08dd41c18fc5a9a5.jpg
78. Brown, Keath and Wong (2009) Wat. Sci. & Tech. 59:5, 847-855
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