This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.
Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease.The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.Here we discuss about different types of solid waste and its effective management.
Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.
Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease.The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.Here we discuss about different types of solid waste and its effective management.
The characteristics, quantities, volume and composition of solid waste generated may differ from one country to another and between urban and rural areas.
It depends mainly upon the customs, climate, living conditions and economic standard of the area. As a consequence, if solid waste management is to be accomplished in an efficient and orderly manner, the fundamental aspects and relationships involved must be identified, adjusted for uniformity of data, and understood clearly. This section deals about :Solid Waste Generation ; Solid Waste Handling, Storage and Processing at the Source.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT at KALUTHARA(KALUTHARA URBAN COUNCIL)
A presentation Done by the 1st Year Students (Group 2) of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura for the Environmental Chemistry Assignment..
The characteristics, quantities, volume and composition of solid waste generated may differ from one country to another and between urban and rural areas.
It depends mainly upon the customs, climate, living conditions and economic standard of the area. As a consequence, if solid waste management is to be accomplished in an efficient and orderly manner, the fundamental aspects and relationships involved must be identified, adjusted for uniformity of data, and understood clearly. This section deals about :Solid Waste Generation ; Solid Waste Handling, Storage and Processing at the Source.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT at KALUTHARA(KALUTHARA URBAN COUNCIL)
A presentation Done by the 1st Year Students (Group 2) of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura for the Environmental Chemistry Assignment..
Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue.
International waste management strategiesAhmed Ali
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimisation. The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies.
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International waste management strategiesAhmed Ali
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimisation. The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies.
http://socceronlinetv.com/thailand-vs-indonesia-live-streaming/
http://socceronlinetv.com/aff-suzuki-cup-2016-final-live-streaming/
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This ppt explains about Waste, Types of Waste, Waste Management, Solid Waste, Classification, Solid Waste Management, Hazardous Waste Types, Factors affecting generation of waste, Traditional methods of waste collection and disposal
Exploring the Pros and Cons of Common Liquid Waste Disposal MethodsEnviro Waste
Explore the advantages and disadvantages of common liquid waste disposal methods with our comprehensive guide. From treatment plants to landfills, gain insights into the environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory considerations of each approach. Make informed decisions for your liquid waste management needs.
Eco-friendly Techniques of Solid Waste ManagementMohammad Aquib
A presentation on various Eco-friendly techniques of solid waste management. This includes methods such as landfill, composting, ingeneration, Plasma gasification, waste to energy, waste minimization etc.
Technological aspects of waste managementZahidaRimi
Technological aspects of waste management.
What are waste management and its importance?
Benefits of waste management.
Types of waste and different types of disposal.
Thermal waste processing types.
General description of combustion, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, plasma gasification with the figure.
Comparison.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated
from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a
given area.
It may be categorized according to its origin; according to its
contents; or according to hazard potentials.
Different types of wastes available in the nature are
• Solid Waste – Vegetable waste, kitchen waste etc.
• E-waste -discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music
systems etc.
• Plastic waste - plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
3.
4. Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse
impacts on the environment and human health and supports
economic development and improved quality of life.
Monitoring, collection, transport, processing, recycling and
disposal and number of processes are involved in effective
management of waste.
The first and foremost method for the waste management is
reducing the waste production . If we stop the production of waste
to some extent the 90% of the problem is solved.
5. Manufacturing products with less packaging, encouraging
customers to bring their own reusable bags for packaging.
Encouraging the public to choose reusable
products such as cloth napkins and reusable plastic and glass containers.
Backyard composting.
Sharing and donating any unwanted items rather than
discarding them.
In order to get the public onboard, training and educational
programs need to be undertaken to educate the public about their role in
the process.
6. Recycling refers to the removal of items from the waste stream and
those to be used as raw materials in the manufacture of new products.
Thus from this definition recycling occurs in three phases:
1. Waste is sorted and recyclables collected .
2. The recyclables are used to create raw materials
3. These raw materials are
then used in the production
of new products.
7. Waste from our homes is generally collected by our local authorities
through regular waste collection, or by special collections for recycling
They are
Shared Container
Dumping at designated location
Block collection
Curbside collection
Door to door collection
Yard collection.
8. Waste treatment techniques seek to transform the waste into a form
that is more manageable, reduce the volume or reduce the toxicity of the
waste thus making the waste easier to dispose of.
Treatment methods are selected based on the composition, quantity,
and form of the waste material.
Some waste treatment methods being used today include subjecting
the waste to extremely high temperatures, dumping on land or land
filling and use of biological processes to treat the waste.
It should be noted that treatment and disposal options are chosen
as a last resort to the previously mentioned management strategies
reducing, reusing and recycling of waste.
9.
10. This refers to processes that involve the use of heat to treat waste.
Listed below are descriptions of some commonly utilized thermal
treatment processes.
Incineration
Pyrolysis and Gasification
Open Burning
13. Incineration:
The most common thermal treatment process. This is the
combustion of waste in the presence of oxygen .
After incineration, the wastes are converted to carbon dioxide,
watervapour and ash.
This method may be used as a means of recovering energy to
be used in heating or the supply of electricity and also reduces the
volume of waste, rendering its harmless, reducing transportation
costs and reducing the production of green house gas methane.
14. Pyrolysis and Gasification:
• Pyrolysis and gasification are similar processes they both
decompose organic waste by exposing it to high temperatures and
low amounts of oxygen.
• Gasification uses a low oxygen environment while pyrolysis
allows no oxygen.
• These techniques use heat and an oxygen starved environment
to convert biomass into other forms.
• Gasification is advantageous since it allows for the
incineration of waste with energy recovery and without the air
pollution that is characteristic of other incineration methods.
15. Open Burning:
• Open burning is the burning of unwanted materials in a
manner that causes smoke and other emissions to be released
directly into the air without passing through a chimney or stack.
• This includes the burning of outdoor piles, burning in a burn
barrel and the use of incinerators which have no pollution control
devices and as such release the gaseous by products directly into the
atmosphere .
16. Advantages:
Due to Burning the waste will be completely removed.
The Heat energy obtained in this process is used in the production
of Electricity.
Disadvantages:
• By burning has many negative effects on both human health and
the environment. This uncontrolled burning of garbage releases
oxides of nitrogen and carbon which are harmful.
17. Sanitary Landfills:
• Sanitary Landfills are designed to greatly reduce or eliminate
the risks that waste disposal may pose to the public health and
environmental quality.
• The process is as follows:
Each day trash is spread in thin layers
Compacted down
Covered with a soil layer
Graded for drainage
18.
19. Controlled Dumps:
• Controlled dumps are disposal sites with most of the
requirements of sanitary landfill but usually have one deficiency.
• They don’t have gas management, regular cover and
compaction in some cases.
• These dumps have a reduced risk of environmental
contamination, the initial costs are low and the operational costs
are moderate.
• They are still accessible by scavengers and so there is some recovery
of materials through this practice.
20. Bioreactor Landfills:
• Recent technological advances have lead to the introduction of
the Bioreactor Landfill.
• The Bioreactor landfills use enhanced microbiological
processes to accelerate the decomposition of waste.
• The main controlling factor is the constant addition of liquid
to maintain optimum moisture for microbial digestion.
• These processes reduces the volume of the waste creating more
space for additional waste, they maximise the production of
methane and they reduce the costs .
21. Disadvantages:
◦ Landfills require space
◦ Produce methane gas (can be used for energy, or can cause climate
change)
◦ Leachate must be collected and treated
◦ Potential for water pollution
◦ NOT a long-term remedy
22. Composting:
• Composting is the controlled aerobic decomposition of
organic matter by the action of micro organisms and small
invertebrates.
• There are a number of composting technique being used
Vessel composting
Windrow composting
Vermi composting
Static pile.
23. The process is controlled by making the environmental conditions
optimum for the waste decomposers to thrive.
The Rate of compost formation is controlled by the composition and
constituents of the materials i.e. their Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio, the
temperature, the moisture content and the amount of air.
24. Anaerobic digestion like composting uses biological processes to
decompose organic waste.
However, where composting can use a variety of microbes and
must have air, anaerobic digestion uses bacteria and an oxygen free
environment to decompose the waste.
Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of Carbon Dioxide
and methane.
Anaerobic Digestion is also used as a method of producing biogas
which can be used to generate electricity.