A key concept on the subject DRRR. This entails the definition of vulnerability, types of vulnerability and the key concepts of vulnerability. A summary definition of risk and hazard are also observable.
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A key concept on the subject DRRR. This entails the definition of vulnerability, types of vulnerability and the key concepts of vulnerability. A summary definition of risk and hazard are also observable.
A Big Step Towards Zero-Waste in the PhilippinesZed Avecilla
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- Definition of ‘Disaster’.
- What is a disaster management cycle?
- What are the types of Disasters?
- What is vulnerability and risk?
- What is a Hazard? How is it classified?
- Use data, pictures, pie charts, bar diagrams
How a hazard event may turn into a disaster in the societyTarmin Akther
This document describes about hazard and disaster. Besides how hazard becomes a disaster and negatively affect in the society. Hazard is an incident which turns into a disaster in the long run.
Disaster
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
Disaster management
Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction, and utilization of available counter-disaster resource.
B T Basavanthappa
Aim
• To provide prompt and effective medical care to the maximum possible in order to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Objectives
• To optimally prepare the staff and institutional resources for effective performance in disaster situation
• To make the community aware of the sequential steps that should be taken at individual and organization levels.
- Definition of ‘Disaster’.
- What is a disaster management cycle?
- What are the types of Disasters?
- What is vulnerability and risk?
- What is a Hazard? How is it classified?
- Use data, pictures, pie charts, bar diagrams
How a hazard event may turn into a disaster in the societyTarmin Akther
This document describes about hazard and disaster. Besides how hazard becomes a disaster and negatively affect in the society. Hazard is an incident which turns into a disaster in the long run.
Disaster
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
Disaster management
Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction, and utilization of available counter-disaster resource.
B T Basavanthappa
Aim
• To provide prompt and effective medical care to the maximum possible in order to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Objectives
• To optimally prepare the staff and institutional resources for effective performance in disaster situation
• To make the community aware of the sequential steps that should be taken at individual and organization levels.
Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.
Coping Capacity is the ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.
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# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
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15. VULNERABILITY IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
According to the International Federation of Red
Cross and
Red Crescent Societies (2019) vulnerability in this context
can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual
or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from
the impact of a
natural or man-made hazard.
Vulnerability refers to the inability (of a system or a
unit) to withstand the effects of a hostile environment
(Wikipedia,2019).
The characteristics determined by physical, social,
economic and environmental factors or processes which
increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community,
assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.
16. WHAT IS VULNERABILITY?
Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical,
social, economic, and environmental factors.
17. WHAT IS VULNERABILITY ?
According to UNESCO/UNDRO (1982) Definitions of Hazard &Risk
Terminology-
Vulnerability (V) is the degree of loss to a given element or set of
elements at risk resulting from the occurrence of a hazardous phenomenon of a
given magnitude. It is expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total loss).
18. KEY CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY?
Vulnerability = Exposure + Resistance + Resilience
Exposure: at risk property and population
Resistance: Measures taken to prevent, avoid or reduceloss
Resilience: Ability to recover prior state or achieve desired
post-disaster state
19. EXAMPLE OF VULNERABILITY?
Philippines are more vulnerable
The people of the Eastern part of
to
typhoons becauseof:
-High Exposure ofTyphoon
-Low Resistance (lack of proper
management)
-Low Resilience (Economic limitation)
20. WHAT MAKES PEOPLE VULNERABLE?
Some definitions of vulnerability have included exposure in
addition to susceptibility to harm. However, it is now understood that
exposure is separate to the ‘susceptibility’ element of vulnerability
since it is possible to be exposed, whilst at the same time not
susceptible to natural hazards.
Despite some divergence over the meaning of vulnerability,
most experts agree that understanding vulnerability requires more than
analysing the direct impacts of a hazard. Vulnerability also concerns
the wider environmental and social conditions that limit people and
communities to cope with the impact of hazard (Birkmann, 2006).
21. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ?
There are four (4) main types of vulnerability:
1. Physical Vulnerability:
Meaning the potential for physical impact on the physical environment – which can be
expressed as elements-at-risk (EaR). The degree of loss to a given EaR or set of EaR
resulting from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and expressed
on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total damage)”.
May be determined by aspects
such
levels,
as population density
remoteness of a
settlement, the site, design and
materials used for critical
infrastructure and for housing
(UNISDR).
22. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ?
2.Economic Vulnerability:
The potential impacts of hazards on economic assets and processes (i.e. business
interruption secondary effects such as increased poverty and job loss) Vulnerability
of different economic sectors.
The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the
resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place to
protect themselves from being negatively impacted bydisasters.
23. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ?
3.Social Vulnerability:
Refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse
impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions
and systems of cultural values. It includes aspects related to levels of literacy and
education, the existence of peace and security, access to basic human rights,
systems of good governance, social equity, positive traditional values, customs and
ideological beliefs and overall collective organizational systems (UNISDR).
Example- When flooding occurs some citizens, such as children, elderly and
differently-able, may be unable to protect themselves or evacuate ifnecessary.
24. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY?
4. EnvironmentalVulnerability:
Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of
environmental vulnerability. Example: Wetlands, such as the Caroni Swamp,are
sensitive to increasing salinity from sea water, and pollution from storm water
runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils, etc.
25. WHY DOES VULNERABILITY MATTER?
By including vulnerability in our understanding of
disaster risk, we acknowledge the fact that disaster risk not
only depends on the severity of hazard or the number of
people or assets exposed, but that it is also a reflection of
the susceptibility of people and economic assets to suffer
loss and damage.
26. HOW DO WE REDUCE VULNERABILITY?
Approaches to vulnerability reduction include:
Implementing building codes
Insurance and social protection (risk )
Emphasising economic diversity and resilient livelihoods
Knowledge and awareness raising
Preparedness measures
27. Cooperative and Group Learning Activity Activity
#2 – Role Play
Students will be grouped into four groups. Each
group will select an element (physical, social,
economic and environmental). They will present
a role play that relates these elements to a
particular hazard.
Presentation of group outputs:
Each group will be given 5 minutes to
conceptualize and 5 minutes topresent their
output and the teacher will see to it that each
presentation is evaluated properly.
30. ENRICHMENT
Find an article in the newspaper that talks
about hazards or other related issues.
Determine if the elements that are exposed
to a particular hazard is present or not
present in the scenario. Make a reaction
paper.
31. WHAT IS RISK ?
The probability that a community’s
structure or geographic area is to be damaged
or disrupted by the impact of a particular
account of their nature,
and proximity to a hazardous
hazard, on
construction,
area.
Risk is a function of threats exploiting
vulnerabilities to obtain, damage or destroy
assets. Thus, threats (actual, conceptual, or
inherent) may exist, but if there are no
vulnerabilities then there is little/norisk.