Disclaimer
This presentation, including
examples, images, and references,
are provided for informational
purposes only.
Credits shall be given to the images
taken from open sources and will
not be used for any promotional
activities.
EXPOSURE &
VULNERABILITY
SHS – Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction
Management
The learners…
1. Enumerate elements exposed to hazards;
2. Explain the meaning of vulnerability;
3. Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to
disaster than others;
4. Analyze why certain structures are more vulnerable to
specific hazards than others;
5. Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular
hazard;
6. Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to
specific hazards; and
7. Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities
and give examples from actual situations.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES:
Exposure refers to the presence of people,
livelihood, environmental services and
resources, infrastructure, or economic, social,
or cultural assets in places that could be
adversely affected by physical events and
which, thereby, are subject to potential future
harm, loss, or damage. It may be possible to
be exposed but not vulnerable.
EXPOSURE
RESEARCH
ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARD
 Human beings;
 Dwellings or households and communities;
 Building structures;
 Public facilities and infrastructure assets;
 Public transport system;
 Agricultural commodities; and
 Environmental assets
**Elements at risk can also refer to intangible elements such as economic
activities and infrastructure networks.
“The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes which increase the
susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets, or systems
to the impacts of hazards”.
- WHO (World Health Organization)
“The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and
environmental factors or processes which increase the
susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems
to the impacts of hazards.”
- UNDDR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2017.
What is Vulnerability?
Reasons Why
Certain Sectors of
Society Are More
Vulnerable to
Disasters than
Others
 Demographic Factors
 Socio-Economic Factors
 Community Preparedness
 Dealing with the after-effects
Demographic Factors
Population Density
Age of Population
Distribution of Population
Socio-economic Factors
Wealth
Education
Nature of Society
Understanding of the Area
Community Preparedness
Building Codes
Scientific Monitoring and Early
Warning Systems
Communication Networks
Emergency Planning
Dealing with the after-effects
Insurance Cover
Emergency Personnel
Aid Request
Four Main Types of Vulnerability
Physical Vulnerability
Social Vulnerability
Economic Vulnerability
Environmental Vulnerability
- According to UNISDR, physical
vulnerability in disaster refers to
the characteristics and
circumstances of a community,
system, or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging
effects of a hazard, including
factors like building materials,
design, and location.
Physical Vulnerability
- refers to the inability of
people, organizations and
societies to withstand adverse
impacts to hazards due to
characteristics inherent in social
interactions, institutions and
systems of cultural values.
Social Vulnerability
Economic Vulnerability
- The level of vulnerability is
highly dependent upon the
economic status of
individuals, communities and
nations.
Environmental Vulnerability
- Natural resource depletion
and resource degradation are
key aspects of environmental
vulnerability.
Philippine
Vulnerabilities
to Natural
Disasters
• It lies in the
Pacific
typhoon belt,
and we are
visited by an
average of 20
typhoons
every year.
• Aside from
typhoon, it is
also at risk to
volcanic
eruptions,
quakes, and
floods.
• It is an
archipelagic
country with
many small
islands where
some areas are
at below sea
level.
• Rugged
nature of the
landscape
makes it
vulnerable to
landslide,
mudflows
and other
disasters.
• It has the
longest
shoreline in the
world at 32,400
km making it
vulnerable to
storm surges.
• It is still a
primary
agricultural
and fishing
economy.
• With poor
institutional and
social capacity to
manage,
respond, and
recover from
natural hazard
events.
• With high level of
poverty
• It is an
archipelagic
country with
many small
islands where
some areas are
at below sea
level.
Direction: Classify the following into
PHYSICAL, ECONOMICAL, SOCIAL, OR
ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY.
Shutdown of the
telecommunication
tower
Houses built near
fault lines
Denudation of
forests
Rest houses
near Boracay
shoreline
Twenty-story
building
constructed on soil
mainly made up of
clay.
Bridges with
cracks and
crevices
Overfertilizatio
n of
agricultural soil
Lost of job due to
COVID-19
pandemic.
Retrenchment of
ABS CBN
employees due to
its shutdown
Destruction of
coral reefs that
serves as
barriers
against storm
surge
Directions: Identify three
elements that are vulnerable in each situation.
https://wkc.who.int/our-work/health-emergencies/knowledge-hub/community-disaster-ris
k-management/vulnerability-and-vulnerable-populations
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/natural-disaster-risk-by-country
https://www.undrr.org/terminology/vulnerability.
References:
https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/files/nbc/PD.pdf
Quebral V. (2016). Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (14th
ed.)LORIMAR PUBLISHING INC.
Rimando R. (2019). Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (Second ed.)Rex Book Store, Inc.
Luna E. (2022). Saving Lives, Protecting Communities (Revised ed.) C& E Publishing, Inc.
Parena J. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science Series: Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.
PHOENIX Publishing House, Inc.

Lesson 2 Exposure and Vulnerability.pptx