This document provides information about the anatomy and function of the heart. It describes the four chambers of the heart - the right and left atria which collect blood, and the right and left ventricles which pump blood out of the heart. It details the major blood vessels associated with the heart including the superior vena cava, pulmonary artery, aorta and inferior vena cava. It also describes important valves in the heart such as the tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves and their roles in blood flow. The document is intended to educate about the basic anatomy and function of the heart.

1. HBT Media Healthcare Marketing
Do you Know your Heart?

2. RIGHT
ATRIUM
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
LEFT
VENTRICLE
Coronary
sulcus
containing fat
Anterior
interventricular
sulcus containing
fat
Auricle of left
atrium
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary
artery
Descending aorta
Arch of aorta
Left subclavian arteryLeft common carotid
artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Ligamentum arteriosum
Ascending aorta
Superior vena cava
Auricle of right atrium
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3. is a small ligament that is the remnant of
the ductus arteriosus formed within three
weeks after birth.
The ligamentum attaches to the final part of
the arch of aorta (the isthmus of aorta) and the
first part of the descending aorta[1] The
ligamentum is attached to the top of the left
pulmonary artery.[2]
It is a ligament, a vestige of the ductus
arteriosus, and is formed within three weeks
of birth.
The ligamentum arteriosum is closely related to
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of
the left vagus nerve. After splitting from the left
vagus nerve, the left recurrent laryngeal loops
around the aortic arch behind to the
ligamentum arteriosum, after which it ascends
to the larynx.
This ligament also plays a role in major trauma;
it fixes the aorta in place during rapid
decelerations recoil, consequently potentially
resulting in ruptured aorta.
Ligamentum arteriosum
HBT MEDIA : The Heart

4. The atrium (plural: atria) is one of
the two blood collection chambers of
the heart. It was previously called
the auricle, but that name has now
been in use as being synonymous
with the right or left atrial
appendage.[1]The atrium is a
chamber in which blood enters the
heart, as opposed to the ventricle,
where it is pushed out of the organ.
It has a thin-walled structure that
allows blood to return to the heart.
left atrium
HBT MEDIA : The Heart

5. The superior vena cava (also
known as the cava or cva) is a
large diameter (24 mm), yet
short, vein that carries
deoxygenated blood from the
upper half of the body to
the heart's right atrium. It is
located in the anterior right
superior mediastinum.
It is formed by the left and
right brachiocephalic
veins (also referred to as the
innominate veins), which also
receive blood from the upper
limbs, eyes and neck, behind
the lower border of the first
right costal cartilage.
Superior vena cava
HBT MEDIA : The Heart

6. The four-chambered heart consisting of
the right atrium, left atrium, right
ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria,
are the two upper chambers. The right
atrium receives and holds
deoxygenated blood from thesuperior
vena cava, inferior vena cava, anterior
cardiac veins and smallest cardiac
veins and the coronary sinus, which it
then sends down to the right ventricle
(through the tricuspid valve) which in
turn sends it to the pulmonary
artery for pulmonary circulation. The
left atrium receives the oxygenated
blood from the left and right
pulmonary veins, which it pumps to
the left ventricle (through the mitral
valve) for pumping out through
theaorta for systemic circulation.
RIGHT ATRIUM
HBT MEDIA : The Heart

7. Aorta
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Right
Ventricle
Right
Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve
Interior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Valve
Tricuspid
Valve
HBT MEDIA : The Heart

8. HBT MEDIA : The Heart
• The aorta is the main artery in
the human body, originating
from the left ventricle of
the heart and extending down
to the abdomen, where
it splits into two smaller
arteries (the common iliac
arteries). The aorta
distributes oxygenated blood
to all parts of the body
through the systemic
circulation.
Aorta

9. HBT MEDIA : The Heart
The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as
the pulmonic valve) is the semilunar valve of the
heart that lies between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. Similar
to the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve opens
in ventricular systole, when the pressure in the
right ventricle rises above the pressure in the
pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular
systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle
falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery
will close the pulmonary valve.
The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes
the P2 component of the second heart sound (S2).
The right heart is a low-pressure system, so the P2
component of the second heart sound is usually
softer than the A2 component of the second heart
sound. However, it is physiologically normal in
some young people to hear both components
separated during inhalation.
Pulmonary Valve

10. HBT MEDIA : The Heart
• The aortic valve is one of the
two semilunar valves of the
heart, the other being
the pulmonary valve. The heart
has four valves and the other
two are the mitral and
the tricuspid valves. The aortic
valve normally has three cusps
or leaflets, although in 1-2% of
the population it is found to
congenitally have two
leaflets.[1] It lies between
the left ventricle and the aorta.
Aortic Valve

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