Valves are mechanical devices that control the flow and pressure within a system or process. They are essential components of a piping system that conveys liquids, gases, vapors, slurries, etc.. ... Some valves are self-operated while others manually or with an actuator or pneumatic or hydraulic is operated.
Valves are the components in a fluid flow or pressure system that regulate
either the flow or the pressure of the fluid. This duty may involve stopping
and starting flow, controlling flow rate, diverting flow, preventing back
flow, controlling pressure, or relieving pressure.
A Control Valve is the most commonly used
final control element used to regulate fluid flow in
a process. In a process, normally it is the only
controllable element residing in the loop.
Ø This is a device used to modulate flow of
process fluid in pipe lines by creating a variable
area in the flow path.
Ø The flow path is varied with respect to the
control signal received from the controller
towards the required flow modulation.
Valves are essential components of piping systems, which regulate the flow of fluids, such as water, gas, and oil. They are used to start, stop, and control the flow of fluids in a piping system. Valves come in different types, including ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific applications
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways through a piping system.
A valve is a generic name for device with a movable feature that opens and closes the passageway in order to allow, prevent or control the flow of fluids.
Valves are essential components of piping systems, which regulate the flow of fluids, such as water, gas, and oil. They are used to start, stop, and control the flow of fluids in a piping system. Valves come in different types, including ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific applications
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways through a piping system.
A valve is a generic name for device with a movable feature that opens and closes the passageway in order to allow, prevent or control the flow of fluids.
Valves are mechanical devices that control the flow and pressure within a system or process. They are essential components of a piping system that conveys liquids, gases, vapors, slurries, etc.. ... Some valves are self-operated while others manually or with an actuator or pneumatic or hydraulic is operated.
Valves are the components in a fluid flow or pressure system that regulate
either the flow or the pressure of the fluid. This duty may involve stopping
and starting flow, controlling flow rate, diverting flow, preventing back
flow, controlling pressure, or relieving pressure.
A Control Valve is the most commonly used
final control element used to regulate fluid flow in
a process. In a process, normally it is the only
controllable element residing in the loop.
Ø This is a device used to modulate flow of
process fluid in pipe lines by creating a variable
area in the flow path.
Ø The flow path is varied with respect to the
control signal received from the controller
towards the required flow modulation.
Valves are essential components of piping systems, which regulate the flow of fluids, such as water, gas, and oil. They are used to start, stop, and control the flow of fluids in a piping system. Valves come in different types, including ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific applications
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways through a piping system.
A valve is a generic name for device with a movable feature that opens and closes the passageway in order to allow, prevent or control the flow of fluids.
Valves are essential components of piping systems, which regulate the flow of fluids, such as water, gas, and oil. They are used to start, stop, and control the flow of fluids in a piping system. Valves come in different types, including ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific applications
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways through a piping system.
A valve is a generic name for device with a movable feature that opens and closes the passageway in order to allow, prevent or control the flow of fluids.
Here, the article provides a fundamental comprehension of the valve and its determination and utilization in different conditions. The material option assumes a significant part in selecting valves to guarantee the similarity of the wetted parts of the valve with the liquid.
Listed below, are India's top 10 valve manufacturing businesses each of which provides high-quality valves at reasonable costs. Several manufacturers of valves in India manufacture various types of valves with several applications.
Other parts of the butterfly valve include a butterfly disc, external case, stem, a tough situating plate, pressing, and an actuator. A bar is gone via the disc joined to an actuator outside the valve.
A control valve is a power-operated device used to regulate or manipulate the flow of fluids, such as gas, oil, water, and steam. It is a critical part of a control loop and is an example of a final control element.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. Under the shadow
of Industrial
Training
Program by Batch
2017, Chemical
Department.
2. Valve:
Any Device for closing
or modifying the
passage through a pipe,
outlet, inlet or likely to
stop, allow or control
the flow of a media.
3. VALVES
FUNCTION
➢ Starting and stopping flow
(On-Off Service),
➢Regulating flow volume
known as throttling,
➢Preventing reverse flow of
fluids (backflow),
➢Changing direction,
➢Control the fluid pressure,
➢Relieving component or
piping over pressure.
5. Classification
of Valves Based on mechanical motion:
•Linear Motion Valves.
The valves in which the closure member, in a straight line to allow, stop, or
throttle the flow.
•Rotary Motion Valves.
When the valve-closure member travels along an angular or circular path.
•Quarter Turn Valves.
Some rotary motion valves require approximately a quarter turn, 0
through 90.
6.
7. Globe Valves
A globe valve is a
linear motion valve
used to stop, start, and
regulate fluid flow.
The three primary
body designs for globe
valves are Z-body, Y-
body, and Angle.
8. Globe Valves
Advantages
o Recommended for throttling applications.
o Good for frequent operation.
o Easy to repair.
Disadvantages
o Flow path causes a significant
pressure drop.
o Globe valves are more costly
than alternative valves.
9. Gate Valves
Flow is controlled by
raising or lowering the
valving element.
➢It is not use to regulate
flow because the
valving element can be
damaged when in the
partially open position.
➢75% of all valves in
process industries are
gate valves.
10. Gate Valves
Advantages
- Gate valves opens or closes
slowly, which prevents fluid
hammer and subsequent
damage to the piping system.
-Good choice for on-off
service.
-Full flow, low pressure drop.
Disadvantages
- It is not suitable for
throttling applications.
- It is prone to vibration in the
partially open state.
- Repairing are generally more
difficult.
11. Knifegate Valves
❑Often just called gate
valves, these are used
as isolation valves.
❑The principle is
simply a knife or gate
which is dropped in
front of the flow.
12. Ball Valves
A ball valve is a
rotational motion
valve that uses a ball-
shaped disk to stop
or start fluid flow.
13. Ball Valves Advantages
- Maintains and regulates high volume, high pressure, and high
temp flow.
- Low purchase and maintenance costs.
- No lubrication requirements.
- Give tight sealing with low torque.
- Time of valve operation is minimized.
- Can be used for throttling service.
- Can handle fluids with suspended solids.
Disadvantages
- Have relatively poor throttling
characteristics.
- Difficult to clean.
15. Butterfly
Valves
Advantages
◦ Compact, lightweight design.
◦ The maintenance costs are usually low.
◦ Pressure drop across a butterfly valve is small.
◦ Used with chemical or corrosive media.
Disadvantages
◦ Difficult to clean
◦ Throttling limited to low
differential pressure.
◦ Potential for cavitations and choke.
◦ Unguided disc movement is
affected by flow turbulence.
16. Diaphragm
Valves
A diaphragm valve is a
linear motion valve
that is used to start,
regulate, and stop fluid
flow.
The name is derived
from its flexible disk.
17. Diaphragm
Valves Advantages
- Valve components can be isolated from the process fluid.
- Valve construction prevents leakage of the fluid without
the use of a gland seal (packing).
Disadvantages
- The diaphragm becomes worn more easily and regular
maintenance is necessary.
- These types of valves are generally not suited for very high
temperature fluids and are mainly used on liquid systems.
18. Pinch Valve
It is a linear motion
valve that is used to
start, regulate, and
stop fluid flow.
It uses a rubber tube
(pinch tube) to
control the fluid.
19. Pinch Valve
Advantages
Use for handling of slurries, liquids with large amounts of
suspended solids.
The flow passage is straight without any crevice.
There are no internal moving parts in contact with the fluid.
Low maintenance due to wear or pressure.
Disadvantages
Cannot be used in high temperature/ pressure applications.
Cannot be used with gas media.
20. Plug valve
A plug valve is a rotational motion valve.
Applications
● Gas and liquid fuel ,Water.
● Extreme temperature flow
● Boiler feed water.
● Low Pressure Steam.
● Corrosive Liquids and Gases
21. Check Valves
Check valves are designed to prevent
the reversal of flow in a piping system.
The pressure of the fluid passing
through the system opens the valve,
while any reversal of flow (back
pressure) will close the valve.
22. RELIEF VALVES
❖When pressure of fluid exceeds
a predetermined limit, the
valve operates automatically
and open.
❖These are also known as the
automatic cut-off valves or
safety valves.
❖The relief valves are located at
every point along the water
pipe where pressure is likely to
be maximum.
23. FLAP VALVES
A protective device
installed in a drainage
system to guard
against the effect of
back flooding caused
by surcharge.
24. FOOT VALVE
Foot valves are a type of
check valve. Unlike
other valves, a foot
valve is created with a
larger flow area.