3. ➢Sodium Hydroxide is a very basic compound
that is used mostly in the chemical industry.
In this presentation, you will learn more about
the uses, history and general facts
aboutSodium Hydroxide.
4. Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an
inorganic compound
with the formula NaOH.
It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium
cations Na+ and hydroxide
anions OH−.
Sodium Hydroxide was discovered by Humphrey Day while
in England in the year
1807.
The event or experiment that was used for this discovery is
unknown. For quite a
few years after its discovery it was considered an
elementary substance and was
called a fixes alkali
8. NaOH BONDING
We can see the sodium (Na) part on the left and
the hydroxide (-OH) part on the right.
The bond that binds the hydrogen (H) to the
oxygen (O) is covalent. The sodium is bonded to
the hydroxide part of the compound with an
ionic bond.
12. PRODUCTION OF NaOH
NaOH is produced by so many methods but some of the following methods are following:
➢ REVERSE OF NEUTRALIZATION
➢ CASTNER-KELLNER PROCESS
➢ NELSON CELL
REVERSE OF NEUTRALIZATION
NaCl +H2O →HCl + NaOH
13. Castner–Kellner process
➢PRINCIPLE
In castner-kellner method NaOH is prepared by the
electrolysis of aqueous solution of NaCl (Brine).
Concentration of brine
25 % mass/mass
i.e. 25 gm of NaCl is dissolved in 75 gm of water
14. Castner-kellner cell
It is a rectangular tank of steel. Inside of tank is lined
with "ebonite“. Anode is made of titanium. Flowing
layer of mercury (Hg) at the bottom of tank serves as
cathode.
16. Details of process
Ionization of NaCl
2NaCl → 2Na+ + 2Cl-
When electric current is passed through brine, +ve and
-ve ions migrate towards their respective electrodes.
Na+ions are discharged at mercury cathode. The
sodium deposited at mercury forms
SODIUM AMALGAM. Chlorine produced at the
anode is removed from the top of the cell.
17. Reaction at cathode
2Na+ +2 e- → 2Na
Na forms amalgam.Na + Hg è Na/Hg
Na+ ions are discharged in preference to H+ ions due to
high over voltage.
18. Reaction at anode
2Cl-→ Cl2 + 2e-
Formation of NaOH
Amalgam moves to another chamber called "denuder",
where it is treated with water to produce
NaOH which is in liquid state. Solid NaOH is
obtained by the evaporation of this solution.2Na/Hg +
2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + 2Hg
20. Advantages of castner's process
NaOH obtained is highly pure.
The process is very efficient
Possible reaction between NaOH and Cl2 is avoided as
NaOH is obtained in a separated chamber.
22. NELSON CELL:
➢Principle:
Electrolyte used in this process is aqueous NaCl (Brine).
Working:
Porous diaphragm of asbestos or metal oxide with polymer
separates anode and cathode compartments. Diaphragm
prevents hydroxide ions entering anode compartment and
prevents chloride ions entering cathode compartment.
23. Reaction At Anode
At the anode, carbon or titanium coated with Ru-Ti oxide, where
the chlorine ion are oxidized.
Saturated brine enters into the anode compartment and produces
chlorine gas.
Cl-1→ Cl2 + 2e
Reaction At Cathode
The saturated flows the diaphragm and into the cathode compartment.
At the cathode, steel mesh, hydrogen gas and hydroxide are produced.
2H2O + 2e → H2 +OH
Na+ migrates across diaphragm to cathode compartment combining
with OH-to form NaOH