Paint is composed of pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. The pigments impart color while the binder forms a solid film and binds the pigments when dry. Common binders include resins, while solvents like water are used to adjust viscosity. Additives modify properties. Paint is manufactured through mixing, grinding, thinning, filtering, filling, and packaging steps to produce the final product. The ideal paint forms a protective film that is opaque, dries quickly, and resists corrosion, water, heat, fading, abrasion, and flexes without cracking.

1. Industrial
chemical
engineering
Training course no 2
Topic .PAINT INDUSTRY

2. WHAT IS PAINT

3. PAINT
• Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after
application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
• It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to
objects.
• Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many
different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc.
• Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types
dry into a solid.

6. COMPOSITON OF PAINT
• Paints contain:
• pigment - prime pigments to impart colour and opacity
• binder (resin) - a polymer, often referred to as resin, forming a matrix to
hold the pigment in place
• extender - larger pigment particles added to improve adhesion, strengthen
the film and save binder
• solvent (sometimes called a thinner) - either an organic solvent
or water is used to reduce the viscosity of the paint for better application.
Water-borne paints are replacing some paints that use volatile organic
compounds such as the hydrocarbons which are harmful to the atmosphere.
• additives - used to modify the properties of the liquid paint or dry film

9. 1 # BINDER
The binder is the film-forming component of paint.
In a paint mixture, the binder is responsible for providing
adhesion, binding the pigment, and also gives the paint
resistance properties which make the final coating tough
and durable. The binder itself is clear and glossy, but the
presence of pigment interferes with this quality

10. TYPES OF BINDERS

11. 2 # Pigments
• Pigments are granular solids incorporated in the paint to
contribute color. Fillers are granular solids incorporate to
impart toughness, texture, give the paint special
properties,[13] or to reduce the cost of the paint.
Alternatively, some paints contain dyes instead of or in
combination with pigments.

13. 3 # Diluent or solvent or
thinner
• In the most basic sense, the liquid component of a paint is
simply responsible for transporting the binder and pigment to
the substrate surface.
• The main purposes of the diluent are to dissolve the polymer
and adjust the viscosity of the paint. It is volatile and does not
become part of the paint film.
• It also controls flow and application properties, and in some
cases can affect the stability of the paint while in liquid state.
Its main function is as the carrier for the non volatile
• components. To spread heavier oils (for example, linseed) as in
oil-based interior house paint, a thinner oil is required. These
volatile substances impart their properties temporarily—once
the solvent has evaporated, the remaining paint is fixed to the
surface.

14. Types of thinner
• The solvents used as the carrier in paints:
• Water
• White spirits (mineral turpentine spirits). White spirit is a mixture of is a
mixture of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.
• Xylene is a pure aromatic solvent having benzene ring structure in its
molecule (C8H10).
• Toluene is also a pure aromatic solvent with benzene ring structure
(C6H5CH3).
• Alcohols (n-butanol, isopropanol) are organic compounds having a
hydroxyl groups (-OH) bound to the carbon atoms of an alkyl group.
• Ketones is an organic solvents, in which carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to
two other carbon atoms.
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15. Depending on the type of paint and intended use, additives may include:
dispersants - to separate and stabilise pigment particles
silicones - to improve weather resistance
driers - to accelerate drying time i.e zicronium ,cobalt , lead , zinc
anti-settling agents - to prevent pigment settling
bactericides - to preserve water based paints in the can
fungicides and algaecides - to protect exterior paint films against
disfigurement from moulds, algae and lichen
4 # ADDITIVES

16. FILLERS• Filler acts as pigment extender .It reduces the paint cost and
also controls the viscosity of paint
• Quartz sand (SiO2). Finely ground quartz is a filler increasing
the abrasion resistance of the paints.
• Talc protects the substrate from the penetrating water.
• Baryte (BaSO4) is a colorless or white inorganic mineral
having high hardness and chemical resistance. It is used as a
reinforcing additive.
• Kaoline Clay is used in emulsion paints as a gloss reducing
additive.
• Limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) is used in emulsion
paints as a filler extending expensive pigments.

17. There are four types of finishes
• Gloss finish
• Semi gloss finish
• Satin or egg shell finish
• Matt finish
Types of finishes

18. Matt finish

19. Satin or egg shell finish

20. Semi gloss finish

21. Gloss finish

22. CLASSIFICATION OF PAINT
There are two types of paint on the basis of solvent :
Water based paint
Oil based paint
Water based paint :
The paints formulated on the base of water as the major
solvent serving as a vehicle carrying the solid components
(binders, pigments and additives).

23. Most polymer resins may be used as the binders in water-based paints:
Epoxies
Acrylics
Vinyls
Polyesters
Alkyds
Styrene-butadiene
Urethanes
Distemper:
Distemper is a water based paint in which the binding medium consists
essentially of either glue or casein, or similar sizing material. The major
constituents of distemper are chalk, lime, water and some coloring agents
if necessary. They are also known as cement paint.

24. Oil based – paints :
Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint that
consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil,
commonly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may be modified
by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine or white spirit, and
varnish may be added to increase the glossiness of the dried oil
paint film.
A wide range of hydrocarbon solvents are used for paint
formulation:
Aliphatic compounds (eg. White spirit)
Aromatic compounds(eg. Toluene, Xylene)
Ketones (eg. methyl ethyl keton)
Esters
Alcohols
Glycol ethers.
Glycol ether esters.

25. Emulsion paints :
• Any paint consisting of an emulsion of oil in water
solvent is known as emulsion paint
• Emulsion paint is water based with some additives to
make it more durable, but it can usually be scrubbed off
with water and detergent.
• Modern Emulsions are water-based, with vinyl or acrylic
resins added to make them more hard-wearing than
traditional emulsions. This results in varying degrees of
sheen in the finish; as the shine increases, the paint tends
to be more hard wearing. The ranges usually offer matt,
eggshell, silk, satin and full ...

26. Enamel paint
• Enamel paint is paint that air dries to a hard, usually glossy,
finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise
subject to hard wear or variations in temperature; it should not
be confused with decorated objects in "painted enamel“
• Water based enamel :
Water based enamel contain acrylic resin
as binder. They contain inflammable solvents ,lower ordour
• Oil based enamel :
Oil based enamel contain Oil or Turps
based Alkyds as binder.
Contains flammable solvents
Strong odour due to solvent fumes

27. MANUFACTURING PROCESS

28. Steps of production
• Paint and coatings are manufactured through four
basic steps, which must be adapted to the
characteristics of different ingredients:
• Paint & Coatings are made in a batch process
where the appropriate ingredients are mixed
together to attain the type of paint desired. The
ingredients and the paint mixtures are subjected
to stringent tests throughout the process to ensure
quality.

29. Following are the steps in the maunfacturing of
paint .
1 .Mixinig
2 .Grinding or Milling
3 .Thining or Filtering
4 .Filling
5 .Packaging
6 .Shipment

30. MIXING
• Silverson high shear mixers are widely used in the
manufacture of paints, inks and coatings. The high shear
action of the rotor/stator workhead can rapidly
disintegrate and dissolve resins and polymers, disperse
pigments and other raw materials including “functional”
ingredients.

31. GRINDING
• The resin, solvent, and additives are combined in a large
vat. The mill-base is stirred in during this phase. Any
final additions are added during this stage, if necessary.
The finished product is tested in a laboratory. Before
manufacturing is approved, critical ingredients are tested.
The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer paints
is now routed into a sand mill, a large cylinder that agitates tiny
particles of sand or silica to grind the pigment particles, making
them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture. The
mixture is then filtered to remove the sand particles.

33. THINING
• Whether created by a sand mill or a dispersion tank, the
paste must now be thinned to produce the final product.
Transferred to large kettles, it is agitated with the proper
amount of solvent for the type of paint desired
• Colour of paint is adjusted in this step

34. Filtering
• The non dispersed pigment is removed through filration.
• Centrifuges , screens or pressure filters are used for the
filtration purpose

35. Filling and packaging
• The finished paint product is then pumped into the canning
room. For the standard 8 pint (3.78 liter) paint can available to
consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels,
then set upright so that the paint can be pumped into them. A
machine places lids onto the filled cans, and a second machine
presses on the lids to seal them. From wire that is fed into it
from coils, a bailometer cuts and shapes the handles before
hooking them into holes precut in the cans. A certain number
of cans (usually four) are then boxed and stacked before being
sent to the warehouse.

40. Properties of an ideal
paint
Some of the typical attributes required can include:
• forming a continuous protective film
• high opacity
• quick drying
• corrosion resistance
• water resistance
• heat resistance
• colour stability (i.e. against visible and ultraviolet radiation)
• abrasion and scratch resistance
• durability
• flexibility
• easily cleaned