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Gothic Art
Gothic art and architecture emerged in Europe between the 12th and 15th centuries, expressing Christian political and religious values. Key characteristics included tall buildings supported by flying buttresses and rib vaulting, vast stained glass windows illuminating interiors, and sculptures like the Virgin and Child. Major Gothic cathedrals included Saint-Denis, Notre Dame de Paris with its rose window, and Sainte-Chapelle known for its stained glass. Artists like Giotto began using techniques like linear perspective and realistic proportions.
Gothic Art
- 1. Gothic Art andArchitecture Art Appreciation I
- 2. Gothic Art andArchitecture • Mid-12th into the 15th Century CE • Dominant style in Europe for 400 years • Art and Architecture that expressed the political and religious values of Christians • Term Gothic comes from the “Goths” – a group of Germanic invaders who helped destroy the Roman Empire • Style began in France, but spread throughout Europe
- 3. Mid-12th Century inEurope • Advances in Building Technology • Access to More Materials and Resources • New Intellectual and Spiritual Aspirations
- 4. Abbey Church ofSaint-Denis
- 5. Abbey Church ofSaint-DenisFirst Gothic Style building Church built on site of a monastery founded in 5th Century - built over tomb of St. Denis (early Christian martyr sent from Rome) Built for crowds of pilgrims (pilgrimage church) - church contains relics of St. Denis Stained Glass Windows to let in “the light of God” Royal significance - church houses all tombs of French Kings Architect - Abbot Suger, Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, 1130 - 1144 CE
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- 9. Notre Dame Paris Cathedralof Notre Dame (Paris), Gothic Architecture
- 10. Notre Dame Paris • Well-knownexample of Gothic Architecture • Tallest building in world for 600 years •New ways to build tall buildings – openings in building, supports on outside, more windows made the structure less heavy •Stained glass windows (Rose Window) • Pointed Arches Cathedral of Notre Dame (Paris), Gothic Architecture, 1163 CE
- 11. Flying Buttresses Flying Buttresseshelped support the weight of the building on the outside Invented during Gothic Period Gothic churches could be very tall because of the buttresses supporting the weight
- 12. Ribbed Vaulting • Usedto Support the wide roof in Gothic churches • Wide Space without Columns in the Middle (uninterrupted space) • Inspired by Human Anatomy
- 13. Stained Glass Windows •Invented during the Gothic Period • Light as a symbol of God • Colorful images of Saints, donors to the church, animals, other designs
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- 15. Sainte-Chapelle Paris Vast expanses ofstained glass windows Gothic style known as “Rayonnant” or radiant, because of the light and the use of gold Church built to house King Louis IX’s collection of relics (including a nail and a crown of thorns from the Crucifixion)Sainte-Chapelle Church (Paris), 1243-1248 CE
- 16. Stained Glass detail Furrier’sShop (detail from the Charlemagne window in Chartres Cathedral, France)
- 17. Stained Glass detail •Shop owner (Fur Shop) selling his furs for coats • Shop owner donated money to the church • Colorful details • Cut pieces of class with details drawn on the glass Furrier’s Shop (detail from the Charlemagne window in Chartres Cathedral, France)
- 18. Virgin and Child(from the Abbey Church of St. Denis), Silver Gilt and Enamel, 1139 CE, height 69cm Reliquary Statue containing the hairs of the Virgin Mary Graceful S-curve pose - Gothic style Commissioned by Queen Jeanne d’Evreux Statues similar to this one made for homes and personal chapels
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- 21. Virgin and ChildEnthroned
- 22. Artist: Giotto diBondone, Virgin and Child Enthroned, 1280 CE, Tempera Paint and Gold on Wood, 10 feet 8 inches x 6 feet 8 inches Painted for the Church of the Ognissanti (All Saints) in Florence, Italy Symmetrical Composition Convincing Light and Shadow Hierarchy of Figures (Scale of Virgin Mary and Christ child compared to Angels) Tempera Paint – Mixture of Dry Pigment and Egg – paint dries quickly
- 23. Arena Chapel inPadua, Italy – Paintings by Giotto
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- 25. Artist: Giotti diBondone Lamentation, Arena Chapel (Padua, Italy) Fresco Painting, 1305 - 1306 Giotto’s “Masterpiece” due to scale of the work, his technique, and the quality of the narratives Chapel located near ancient Roman arena, hence the name “Arena Chapel” Stories about the life of Christ organized into individual paintings Lamentation – story of mourning the death of Christ with the Virgin Mary Fresco Painting – Type of wall painting that involves painting into wet plaster (painting is part of the wall)