The 19th century was known as a period of eclecticism in architecture. Eclecticism implies that architects were free to choose styles from the past that they felt were appropriate. It incorporated a mixture of elements from previous historical styles to create something new. The two main characteristics of 19th century architecture were the use of a variety of historical styles like Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Second Empire, and the development of new materials and structural methods. Some famous buildings from this period include the Flatiron Building in New York, the Houses of Parliament in London, and the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

1. THE 19TH CENTURY
ARCHITECTURE

2. • Is known as a period of eclecticism.
• Eclecticism in architecture implies freedom on the part of
the architect or client to choose among the styles of the
past that seems to him appropriate.
• Eclecticism is a nineteenth style in which a single piece of
work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous
historical styles to create something that is new and
original.
• Copy cat era, no originality.

3. Two principal characteristics distinguish 19th-century
architecture;
• the use of a variety of historical styles
• the development of new materials and structural
methods.

4. The main types of nineteenth century
architectural styles included:
• Greek Revival (1800-1900);
• Gothic Revival (1810-1900);
• Second Empire (1850-1880);
• Exoticism (1800-1900);
• Industrial architecture (1850-1900);
• Skyscraper design (1885-1900).

5. The main types of nineteenth century
architectural styles included:
• Greek Revival (1800-1900) was an architectural movement of the late 18th and
early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A
product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the
development of Neoclassical architecture.
• Gothic Revival (1810-1900) (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, Neo-Gothic or
Jigsaw Gothic, and when used for school, college, and university buildings as
Collegiate Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in
England.
• Second Empire (1850-1880) is an architectural style, most popular between 1865
and 1880, and so named for the architectural elements in vogue during the era of
the Second French Empire. As the Second Empire style evolved from its 17th
century Renaissance foundations, it acquired an eclectic mix of earlier European
styles, most notably the Baroque often combined with mansard roofs and low,
square based domes.

6. • Exoticism (1800-1900) is a trend in European art and design,
influenced by some ethnic groups or civilizations from the late 19th-
century.
• Industrial architecture (1850-1900) is the design and construction of
buildings serving industry. Such buildings rose in importance with the
industrial revolution, and were some of the pioneering structures of
modern architecture.
• Skyscraper design (1885-1900) is a tall, continuously habitable
building of over 10 floors, mostly designed for office, commercial and
residential uses.

7. Famous 19th Century Buildings and Architects
Flatiron Building (Fuller Building) New
York (1901-03)
Designed by Daniel Burnham.
Steel-frame construction.
Smithsonian Institution Building
Designed by James Renwick.
Known as "The Castle". Gothic Revival, with
Romanesque elements, turrets and arches.

8. Houses of Parliament, London (1839-52)
Designed by Sir Charles Barry.
Gothic architecture with Italian ground plan.
Downing College, Cambridge (1807-20)
Designed by William Wilkins.
Greek Revival style of architecture, with Greek
columns.

9. Baltimore Basilica (1806-21)
Designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe.
Neoclassical. The first Roman Catholic Cathedral in
the United States.
Eiffel Tower, Paris (1885-89)
Designed by Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923)
and Stephen Sauvestre.
Industrial Architecture: Giant viaduct
pylon, prefabricated iron girders.