Mannerism developed in the 16th century in Italy as a reaction against the principles of the High Renaissance. It focused on elongated and exaggerated human forms depicted in unnatural poses and settings. Mannerist artworks often contained distorted figures, artificial colors, and unrealistic proportions that created a feeling of tension and instability. This style reflected the turmoil in Europe during its rise and provided a transition between the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

1. Mannerism (1520-1600)

2. Background Late Renaissance [Pre-Baroque]. Art was at an impasse after the perfection and harmony of the Renaissance. Antithetical to the principles of the High Renaissance. From the Italian de maneria . A work of art done in the artist’s characteristic “touch” or recognizable “manner.” First used by the German art historian, Heinrich Wölfflin in the early 20c. Influenced by Michelangelo’s later works.

3. Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” (Sistine Chapel)

4. Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” (Sistine Chapel – left side)

5. Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” (Sistine Chapel – right side)

6. Features of Mannerism

7. Art History: Mannerism was an art style that focused on the human form, depicted in intricate poses and in exaggerated, not always realistic settings. The term Mannerism was derived from the Italian word maniera, translated as ‘style.’ It developed in Florence and Rome between 1520 and 1600, as a style that rejected the balance of the Renaissance period in favor of a more emotional and distorted point of view. This art style reflected the tension in Europe at the time of its popularity. The movement eventually gained favor in northern Italy and most of central and northern Europe.

8. Paintings contained artificial color and unrealistic spatial proportions. Figures were often elongated and exaggerated, positioned in imaginative and complex poses. Works of the movement are often unsettling and strange, probably a result of the time period’s upheaval from the Reformation, the plague, and the sack of Rome. In 1600, Mannerists were accused of disrupting the unity of Renaissance classicism. However, in retrospect, the Mannerist movement supplied the link between Renaissance perfection and the emotional Baroque art that later developed in the 17th century

9. 1. Replace Harmony With Dissonance & Discord “ Susanna & the Elders” Alessandro Allori Twisted bodies or “weight shift”

10. 2. Replace Reason with Emotion “ Pietà” by Rosso Fiorentino 1530-1540

11. “ Pietà” by El Greco 1587-1597

12. 3. Create Instability Instead of Equilibrium “ The Rape of Helene” Francesco Primaticcio 1530-1539

13. 4. Bodies Are Distorted “ Christ in Agony on the Cross” El Greco 1600s. An attempt to express the religious tensions of the times.

14. “ Adoration of the Name of Jesus” El Greco 1578-1580.

15. “ Adoration of the Name of Jesus” (details) Philip II of Spain El Greco 1578-1580

16. “ The Baptism of Christ” El Greco 1608-1628.

17. “ Portrait of a Cardinal” El Greco 1600

18. “ St. Jerome” by El Greco 1587-1597

19. 5. Pictoral Space is Crowded “ Madonna with the Long Neck” Parmagianino 1534-1540

20. “ Joseph in Egypt” Jacomo Pontormo

21. 6. Hanging Figures “ The Annunciation” Jacopo Tintoretto 1583-1587

22. “ Moses Drawing Water form the Rock” Jacopo Tintoretto 1577

23. What characteristics of Mannerism can you spot? Agnolo Bronzino The Deposition c. 1545-50

24. “ The Last Supper” Tintoretto 1594

25. Mannerist Artists Late Michaelangelo El Greco Tintoretto ***Mannerism will provide a bridge between the high Renaissance and Baroque Art.

26. Baroque Art & Architecture

27. Baroque 1600 – 1750. From a Portuguese word “barocca” , meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.” Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance. The more dramatic, the better!

28. Baroque Style of Art & Architecture Dramatic, emotional. Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark. Counter-Reformation art. Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed. Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions. Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.

29. St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City by Gialorenzo Bernini

30. Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain

31. Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany

32. “ St. Francis in Ecstasy” Caravaggio, 1595

33. “ The Flagellation of Christ” by Caravaggio

34. “ David and Goliath” by Caravaggio

35. “ Salome with the Head of the Baptist” by Caravaggio

36. “ The Cardsharps” Caravaggio, 1595

37. “ The Dead Christ Mourned” Annibale Carracci, 1603

38. “ The Virgin Appearing to St. Hyacinthe” Lodovico Carracci 1594

39. “ Christ on the Cross” Diego Velazquez, 1632

40. “ The Elevation of the Cross” by Peter Paul Reubens 1610-11

41. “ The Lamentation” by Peter Paul Reubens 1609-11

42. “ Battle of the Amazons” Peter Paul Reubens

43. “ The Garden of Love” Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-32

44. “ The Ecstasy of St. Theresa of Avila” by Gianlorenzo Bernini 1647-52

45. Baroque Furniture

46. Baroque Furniture

47. A Baroque Room

48. Baroque Music designates the style of music composed during a period that overlaps with that of Baroque art, but usually encompasses a slightly later period Ornamentation Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos, Handel’s Watermusic, and Pachebel’s Canon