Chapter 30 19th Century Art In Europe And The United States 1
Chapter 16 Gothic
1. Chapter 16: Gothic Art of the 12th and 13th Centuries Magister Ricard Art History
2. What should you know? Be ready to answer questions about Gothic architecture Lots of interior images of Gothic cathedrals What are the architectural innovations of this period? What are the key features of Gothic architecture? Think height and light!
3. Gothic: It’s an insult! The term “gothic” was coined by Renaissance artist (and art historian) Giorgio Vasari Wrote biographies about the Renaissance masters and designed gli Uffizi building Proclaimed all of the structures built during the previous period to be the type of work only Goths would produce Gothic tribes were blamed for the downfall of Rome and thus, civilization Vasari, as a Renaissance thinker, favored classical Greco-Roman culture
5. Abbot Suger: A Real Goth Abbot Suger, as abbot of Saint-Denis, wanted to beautify the church Desired a significant departure from the Romanesque style Church should be a place of beauty and inspiring hope and paradise (heaven) Very different from fear-inspiring last judgment scenes found in tympana of Romanesque churches
6. Abbot Suger: A Real Goth De administratione, Ch. XXVII Bright is the noble work; but being nobly bright the work Should lighten the minds, so that they may travel, through the true lights To the True Light where Christ is the true door… …The dull mind rises to truth through that which is material And, in seeing this light, is resurrected from its former subversion
11. Choir, Abbey Church of-Saint Denis Completed 1140-1144 Stained glass windows demonstrate departure from Romanesque Only possible due to high development of vaulting techniques Initially used in the Romanesque period, now adapted to allow light in
12. Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Aesthetic based on open spaces and not massive, heavy walls Suger wanted light and color to help illuminate the soul Stained glass imitates shine of gems
19. Chartres Cathedral Mix of Romanesque and Early Gothic Stained glass = Gothic elements Housed the Tunic of the Virgin Given by Byzantine empress Irene to Charlemagne Chartres had a pre-Christian virgin goddess cult
30. Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims Innovates on Gothic features Extends portal sculptural elements, gabled portals Places large windows in tympana Soaring peaks above tympana, reaching middle of rose window Begun in 1211, completed in 1286 Used to coronate the kings of France
31. Nave, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims Great rose window at clerestory level Lancets illuminate triforium level Window replaces stone in tympanum Tracery and sculpture anchor windows Mary, not Christ dominates central portal
36. Gothic Elements in England Gothic style gets adapted locally Originally known as “opus francigeno” (English) Decorated style Ornate decoration of architectural elements Extra ribs to ribbed vaults (English) Perpendicular style Increased vertical emphasis on architecture Windows are taller More ornate
37. Gloucester Cathedral, England Illustrates emphasis on vertical element English Perpendicular style Large window in the choir Tall lancets unite the choir from floor to ceiling
42. Shrine of the Three Kings Reliquary held relics of three magi Shaped like a basilica-plan church Shows Germany still inspired by Roman art c. 1190-1210
43. Saint Maurice Artist:n/a Title:Saint Maurice Medium: Dark sandstone with traces of polychromy Size: n/a Date:c. 1240–50 Source/ Museum: Magdeburg Cathedral, Magdeburg, Germany Commander of Egyptian Christian troops in Roman army Martyred in 286, favored by Ottonian emperors
44. Ekkehard and Uta Figures represent ideal types Faces are individualized and lifelike Such realism becomes characteristic of German Gothic art Painted to add realism
45. Gothic Statuary Initially, Gothic architecture followed Romanesque in adorning exterior parts of buildings As time progressed, especially during High Gothic, sculpture is freed The higher the relief the greater degree of naturalism Gothic S-curve emerges, similar to contrapposto
47. Return to Classically-Inspired Art? Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor, was a talented poet, artist, naturalist and patron of the arts Mindful of ancient Roman sculpture and how it affects imperial status, he begins to commission artists to follow that style Artists like Nicola Pisano who use observation of nature as a source of inspiration
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49. Pulpit, Baptistry, Pisa Nicola Pisano, 1260 Panels illustrate several scenes – Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds Virgin reclines in Annunciation Inspiration may have come from Roman sarcophagi found near Baptistry
50. Pulpit, Cathedral, Pisa Giovanni Pisano, 1302 Son of Nicola Pisano More emotion Higher relief More dynamic
53. Crucifix: Gothic Painting Artist:CoppodiMarcovaldo Title:Crucifix Medium: Tempera and gold on wood panel Size: 9'7⅜" X 8'1¼" (2.93 X 2.47 m) Date:c. 1250–70 Source/ Museum: Pinacoteca, San Gimignano, Italy “Historiated crucifix” – contains narrative of the Passion of Christ
