- The document discusses provisions around transparency of mitigation actions under the Paris Agreement, specifically unpacking what is clear and unclear in terms of purpose, communication of NDCs, tracking progress towards NDCs, review and consideration processes, and the global stocktake. - While the purpose of transparency is clear around understanding climate actions and informing the global stocktake, the link to compliance is unclear. Details around communication of NDCs, tracking progress, and review processes also remain ambiguous. - The global stocktake scope includes mitigation, adaptation and support, occurring every 5 years, but how it will influence future NDCs and integrate different areas is uncertain. - Reporting has improved over time but a transition to a unified enhanced transparency

1. Climate Change Expert Group www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg.htm
Unpacking the framework for
transparency of mitigation
Gregory Briner, OECD
Based on the draft document “Transparency in the Paris Agreement: Unpacking
provisions on mitigation and support” by Gregory Briner and Sara Moarif
CCXG Global Forum on the Environment and Climate Change
15 March 2016

2. 2 Climate Change Expert Group
Transparency of mitigation discussions
at the CCXG Global Forum
Day 2 – Wednesday 16th March
09:30 – 11:00
Transparency of mitigation: tracking progress towards NDCs
Small Discussion
Group 3a
(CC 12)
BAU baselines
Small Discussion Group
3b
(MZ-M04)
Renewable and other
energy targets
Small Discussion Group 3c
(CC 20)
Internationally Transferred
Mitigation Outcomes
11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break
Day 1 – Tuesday 15th March
16:30 – 18:00
Breakout Group B (CC 4)
Transparency of mitigation action: Unpacking transparency provisions
in the Paris Agreement
11:30 – 13:00 Breakout Group 4 (CC 12)
Transparency of mitigation action: Moving forward towards an
enhanced transparency framework – process and priorities for the
work programme
13:00 – 14:30 Lunch

3. 3 Climate Change Expert Group
Outline
 Unpacking provisions related to
transparency of mitigation – what is
clear and what remains unclear
o Purpose
o Communication of NDCs
o Tracking progress towards NDCs
o Review and consideration
o Global stocktake
 Transition to an enhanced framework
 Building on existing experience
framework
Transparency

4. 4 Climate Change Expert Group
Purpose
What is clear
 Purpose is to provide a clear understanding of climate
change mitigation action, track progress towards NDCs and
inform the global stocktake
What remains unclear
 No explicit link to the mechanism to facilitate
implementation and promote compliance

5. 5 Climate Change Expert Group
Communication of NDCs
What is clear
 Up-front information to be reported – optional list of items
 Frequency of reporting – every five years
What remains unclear
 Up-front information – no mention of emissions projections
 Common time frames for NDCs – how to align domestic
processes?
 How to demonstrate “progression” between successive
NDCs?

6. 6 Climate Change Expert Group
Tracking progress towards NDCs
What is clear
 All Parties shall submit GHG inventories and “progress
reports”
 Frequency of reporting - no less frequently than on a
biennial basis, flexibility for LDCs and SIDS
What remains unclear
 What information to be reported – no list provided
 Date of first GHG inventories and progress reports
 Relationship between progress reports, NCs, BRs and BURs

7. 7 Climate Change Expert Group
Review and consideration
What is clear
 Two-step process – (i) technical expert review, (ii)
multilateral consideration of progress
 Aims of review – identify areas of improvement; review
consistency with guidelines; identify CB needs
What remains unclear
 Scope - is up-front information on NDCs to be reviewed?
 Inputs for multilateral consideration of progress
 No mention of promoting comparability
 Relationship with technical reviews under the Convention
for Annex I Parties?

8. 8 Climate Change Expert Group
Global stocktake
What is clear
 Scope – includes mitigation, adaptation and support
 Timing – first in 2023 and then every five years
 Inputs – national reports, IPCC reports, reports of SBs
What remains unclear
 How the “overall effect” of NDCs will be estimated
 How the outcome of the global stocktake will influence the
next round of NDCs
 Relationship with existing periodic review of global goal
 Whether there will be links between the global stocktake of
mitigation, adaptation and support

9. 9 Climate Change Expert Group
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Annex I Parties
Non-Annex I Parties
All Parties with flexibility for LDCs and SIDSs
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
PR
BR4?BR2 BR3
PR PRPRPR
Annex I Parties
BR = Biennial report
Non-Annex I Parties
BURs (flexible timing)
All Parties with flexibility for LDCs and SIDSs
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
PR = Progress reportBUR = Biennial update report
Possible transition from a bifurcated
system to an enhanced framework
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
PR
BR4?BR2 BR3
R
MC
PR
R
MC
PRPR
R
MC
PR
Annex I Parties
BR = Biennial report
R = Review of BR
IA = International assessment
R R
Non-Annex I Parties
R?
BURs (flexible timing)
IC
IA IA IA?
All Parties with flexibility for LDCs and SIDSs
R
MC
A
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
PR = Progress report
R = Review of PR
MC = Multilateral consideration
BUR = Biennial update report
A = Analysis of BURs
IC = International consultations
R
MC

10. 10 Climate Change Expert Group
Reporting has improved over time
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC1
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC1
NC2
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC3
NC1
NC2
NC3
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC3
NC4
NC1
NC2
NC3
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC3
NC4
NC5
NC1
NC2
NC3
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC3
NC4
NC5
NC6/BR1
NC1
NC2
NC3
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC3
NC4
NC5
NC6/BR1
NC1
NC2
NC3
BUR1
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Annex I Parties Non-Annex I Parties
Reports submitted by Parties, ordered from earliest submitted (left) to latest (right)
NC1
NC2
NC3
NC4
NC5
NC6/BR1
BR2
NC1
NC2
NC3
BUR1

11. 11 Climate Change Expert Group
youThank
gregory.briner@oecd.org