INTRODUCTION The word ‘moral’ comes from the Latin term ‘Mores’ which means manner, custom and habit. Moral development involves the formation of a system of values in which decisions concerning ‘right’ and ‘wrong’, ‘good’ and ‘bad’. Moral development have three major faces - 1. Cognitive 2. Behavior 3. Emotional OBJECTIVES After studying the unit you will be able to Define moral value development in humans. Discuss morality and its constituents Describe the nature of moral development Outline different factors contributing towards moral development Describes various Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theories of moral development

1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
IN
ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
CC 8653
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
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2. ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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UNIT-6
MORAL DEVELOPMENT

3. INTRODUCTION
The word ‘moral’ comes from the Latin term ‘Mores’ which means
manner, custom and habit. Moral development involves the
formation of a system of values in which decisions concerning
‘right’ and ‘wrong’, ‘good’ and ‘bad’.
Moral development have three major faces
1. Cognitive
2. Behavior
3. Emotional
3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

4. OBJECTIVES
After studying the units, you will be able to
o Define moral value development in humans
o Discuss morality and its constituents
o Describe the nature of moral development
o Outline different factors contributing towards moral
development
o Describes various Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theories of moral
development
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

5. NATURE OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Moral development focuses on the emergence, change and
understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood.
Approaches to the study of moral development
a) Social learning theory
b) Psycho analytical theory
c) Cognitive development
d) Personality theories
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

6. FACTORS AFFECTING MORAL DEVELOPMENT
a. Family
b. School
c. Peer groups
d. Society and culture
e. Age (Ref. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development)
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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7. STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Stages Age group Description
Stage 1 Infancy
The child’s only sense of right and wrong is what
feels good or bad.
Stage 2 Toddler years
The child learns right or wrong from what he/she
is told by others
Stage 3
Pre school
The child begins to internalize the family values
as his or her own and begins to perceive the
consequences of his / her behaviour
Stage 4
7-10 years
The child begins to question depend ability of
parents, teachers and other adults and develops a
strong sense of “should” and “should not”
Stage 5
Pre-teen to
teen age years
Peers become ultimate important to the child.
Teens are concerned with the larger society and
begin to reason more abstractly about right and
wrong
7
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Ch.
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8. THEORIES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
8
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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In the field of moral development, morality is defined as principles for
how individuals ought to treat one another w.r.t justice, welfare and
rights.
1. Paget’s theory of Moral development
At the age of 10 years or older youth develop the morality of
cooperation. The youth understand that morals represent social
agreement between people and or intended to promote common good.
To Piaget the youth begin to understand that morality of a
decision does not rest solely on the outcome of that decision.

9. THEORIES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
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Piaget’s stages of Moral development
Stage 1: (0-4 years)
Play is purely an individual endeavor, and one can talk only of
motor rules not of truly collective rule.
Stage 2: (4-7)
Game playing is egocentric - neither cooperation nor competition
Stage 3: (7-11)
Interaction are more social, rules are observed.
Stage 4: (12---)
The child understands the rules – genuine cooperation, settling
differences of opinions w.r.t rules.

10. THEORIES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
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M.Ashraf
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2.Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development:
Kohlberg, professor at Harvard University started as a
developmental psychologist and then moved to moral education based
on jean Piaget’s psychology. To him moral development proceeds in a
linear, step-wise fashion – gradually from one stage to the next in an
ordered sequence.

11. THEORIES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Age Level Stage and Orientation
4-10 years Level - 1 Preconvention
Stage 1 Obedience and punishment orientation
Stage 2 Native hedonistic and instrument
10+ Level 2 Conventional
Stage 3 Good boy / Good girl Orientation
Stage 4 Law and Authority orientation
13+ Level 3 Post conventional
Stage 5 Social contract orientation
Stage 6 Universal ethical principle orientation
11
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Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

12. APPLICATIONS OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT FOR
PARENTS AND TEACHER’S
• As parents we can play a pivotal role in helping develop
morality in children by love and appreciation.
• The child must be motivated to act within the acceptable norms
• Identification of the emotions in the early stages will help the
child know us empathize with him.
 Raise the child on showing his / her positive behavior. Thus
he/she will know the behavior expected from him / her.
12
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT

14. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
14
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