INTRODUCTION Adolescent crises mean the upheavals that the adolescents face during this period. These can be related to changes which are taking place in emotional, psychological and physical development areas. The parents feel confused and frustrated while interacting with their children. These crises may be failing school, staying out late, sleeping all day, running off, being expelled, use of drugs etc. affect the life of a teen ager. OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the students can be able to: Define the crises in adolescence. Understand the issues and problems of puberty. Understand attachment theory and its implications in adolescence Enumerate and identify few problems relating to adolescence

1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
LIFE CRISIS AND PROBLEMS AND
ISSUES IN ADOLESCENT
IN
ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
CC 8653
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
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2. ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
UNIT-7
LIFE CRISIS AND PROBLEMS AND
ISSUES IN ADOLESCENT

3. INTRODUCTION
Adolescent crises mean the upheavals that the adolescents
face during this period. These can be related to changes which are
taking place in emotional, psychological and physical development
areas. The parents feel confused and frustrated while interacting
with their children. These crises may be failing school, staying out
late, sleeping all day, running off, being expelled, use of drugs etc.
affect the life of a teenager.
3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

4. OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
• Define the crises in adolescence.
• Understand the issues and problems of puberty.
• Understand attachment theory and its implications in
adolescence
• Enumerate and identify few problems relating to adolescence
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

5. PUBERTY
(Major life crises in puberty – a growth spurt and sexual maturation
1.Puberty and Sexual Development
During this stage physical changes are very fast which are
difficult to adjust for adolescent. Sexual maturation occurs over
several years. The factor like genetic and biological influences, socio-
economics status, nutrition and diet etc. affect the beginning and
progression of puberty. Growth spurt is faster in girls that that of
boys. The secondary sexual characteristics appear later in puberty.
2.Physical Appearance and Body Image
More time is spent for make up the appearance to “fit in” with
the norms of the group and to have a unique style. At this crucial
stage the adults need to understand the meaning and context of the
adolescent’s concern.
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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https://t.me/duhdra

6. ATTACHMENT THEORY
It is defined as affectional bond / relationship between two
persons. These bonds are meant to promote human development.
1. Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment
Bowlby observed that separated infants would go to extra
ordinary lengths to prevent separation from their parents / care
givers. Bowlby (1969) and Ainswoth (1989) recognized that
attachment bonds exert a powerful and enduring influence on
human behavior.
They proposed that attachment is an enduring, unique
emotional bond as it enables the adolescent to move away from
the family and explore the world with confidence. Continue …….
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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7. ATTACHMENT THEORY
According to Bowlby, a motivational system – attachment
behavioural system, was gradually “designed” by natural selection
to regulate proximity to an attachment figure.
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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8. ATTACHMENT THEORY
The Attachment Behaviour
System
The attachment behavior
system is an important concept
in attachment theory because
it provides the conceptual
linkage between ethological
models of human development
and modern theories on
emotion regulation and
personality.
8
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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9. ATTACHMENT THEORY
2. Individual Differences in Infant Attachment Patterns
According to Ainsworth’s research, at least three types of
children exist: Those who are secure in their relationship with
their parents, those who are anxious-resistant, and those who are
anxious-avoidant.
9
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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10. PROBLEMS FACED BY ADOLESCENTS
Delinquency & Crime in Adolescence
❑ Delinquents are those who commit a crime / offence. Three
different theories on causes of teen delinquency:
a. moffitt’s Dual Taxonomy
b. Sampson and Laub’s age – graded theory and Attachment
theory.
❑ Moffitts’ Dual Taxonomy explains how a small group engages in
antisocial behaviour of one sort on another at every life stage,
where as a larger group is antisocial only during adolescence.
❑ Samson and Laub states that delinquency is affected by the
social context and just on the characteristics of an individual.
❑ The attachment explains how social beings need to interact with
each other to develop and survive normally.
10
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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11. VIOLENCE AND GANG MEMBERSHIP
Many factors contribute to and increased risk of violence for
adolescents including:
 Gang membership
 Access to firearms
 Substance use / Drug use
 Poverty
11
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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12. BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS
Adolescence is a period for developing independence. They
exercise their independence by questioning, breaking rules etc.
parents, doctors and teachers must distinguish occasional errors
of judgment from a degree of misbehavior that needs professional
intervention.
Sometimes small bits of responsibility are given to their
adolescents by authoritative parents.
12
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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13. CHILD ABUSE
1. Emotional Abuse (negative, abandonment, neglectful
supervision, refusal to assume parental responsibility)
2. Physical Abuse
3. Sexual Abuse
13
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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14. ADOLESCENCE AND THE PROBLEMS WITH TRUTH
Adolescence and the problem with truth: the adolescents
are selective about how much truth to tell their parents about
what is really happening in their lives and their world.
Adolescents often treat lying as a practical way to escape
punishment of getting away with the forbidden, a way to get illicit
freedom.
14
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15. 15
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LIFE CRISIS AND PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN ADOLESCENT

16. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
16
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