Management of Educational Resources P-2

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
Unit-4 Part-B
MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
IN
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
CC 6467
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra

UNIT-4 PART-B
MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
Telegram:
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EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP

3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
i. Sources, Importance and Maintenance of Educational
Financing and Forces Affecting Educational Financing.
ii. Concept, Purpose, Functions, Phases and Advantages of
Budgeting.

Educational Financing
Educational/School financing refers to the process by which
taxes revenues and other resources are derived for the
formation and operation of schools as well as the process by
which those resources are allocated in different geographical
areas and to types and levels of education.
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Introduction
The Financing of education is concerned with such questions as
summarized below.
1. Who pays for Education?
2. Who benefits from Education?
3. Who should pay?
4. What should be the method of paying?
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Introduction (Continue)
5. How should the students be financed?
6. How much of the total resources be devoted to education?
7. How much should be met out of budget and how much be
contributed from private source?
8. How should be expenditure be divided for different levels
and sectors of education?
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Who pays for Education- Institutions or Individuals.
In Pakistan federal or provincial Government Generally
finances education. sometimes education is financed by
private individuals, enterprisers, religious, organizations etc.
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Levels of Decision- Markers in Financing of Education.
There are four categories or levels of decision makers in the
financing of education.
(a) Supplies of finance, Charities, business enterprises.
(b) Allocation of finance, i.e Federal and provincial
Governments, foundations and trust.
(c) Spending bodies, such as DEOS, Directors of Education,
Managers of Private institutions who are responsible for
spending money and have no power to raise funds.
(d) Users of funds i.e all educational institutions.
8
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Sources of Educational Finance in Pakistan
1. Federal Government funds.
2. Provincial Government funds.
3. Private Organizations.
4. Fees
9
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Importance of Education Financing
1. Running of Educational institutes smoothly.
2. Provision of educational facilities for the society.
3. To facilitate the students who cannot pay fee and afford other
expenses.
4. The distributions of educational opportunities to different
groups of the population have consequences for social justice.
5. Investment in education sector will cause economic growth of
the country.
10
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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The Factors which affect the demand for Education
I. Society
Need for knowledge, skills, continuity, socio cultural
environment etc.
II. Religion
Religious commandments, traditions, values etc are the main
impulses for demand of education.
11
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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The Factors which affect the demand for Education(Continue)
III. political form of Government
Education is an instrument of realizing the ideals and aspirations
of the state. The purpose and needs of the state shadow the entire
sphere of educations, Leadership in a democracy springs from the
common people to whom more educational opportunities has to be
given.
IV. Industrialization.
(Need to propose/ produce man-power)
12
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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External Factors.
(Colonialism, modern challenges, international awareness etc)
i. Population: Status of Education
(The overall economy, the national ideals and the world status of
the Country determine the importance it would attach to
education).
13
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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ii. Economics Factors
The cycle of rise and decline of education coincides with economic
cycles. Education finances are closely connected with the national
dividend.
iii. System of Administration
The administrative Structure of the country determines the
distribution of financial responsibility for education among
different levels of administration, federal, regional, provincial local
bodies etc. 14
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Budgeting
What is Budget?
a) A plan of activates in a time period relating their costs to
resources available.
b) A state of estimated receipts and expenses for a fixed period
and an authorization to collect revenues and to incur
emptiness.
15
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Budgeting
What is Budget? (Continue)
c) A Budget is a comprehensive and coordinated plan,
expressed in financial terms for the operations of a system
or organization for a specific period to achieve
predetermined goals.
d) A plan of financial operation involving an estimate of the
proposed expenditure for a given period and proposed means
of financing them.
16
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Purpose of Budget.
(a) To establish in advance the objective or end result of the
budget period.
(b) To provide the means of coordinating the activities of various
departments in the organization.
(c) To serve as basis of the orderly management or public funds.
17
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Advantages of Budget
Budget is considered to be the first step in the implementation
of educational plan. Main advantages of budgeting are.
1. Policies are established.
2. Action is based on budgeting,
3. Activities in an organization are related to the available
resources and economic conditions.
4. Balanced programmes are developed,
5. Operations are controlled and wastage is prevented.
6. Weaknesses in the organization are revealed.
18
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Function of Budget.
Budgeting serve three main functions:
1. Providing the operational cost time framework for activities
to be implemented.
2. For delegation of implementation authority.
3. Controlling and evaluating performance.
19
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Four fiscal Functions:
1. The stabilization Function
It is concerned with the aggregation to size of the budget,
and of the budget, and its impact on the major macro-
economic variables: the volume of production, saving,
investment and the balance of trade.
2. Distributive Function
If the Government considers that the original distribution of
income is unsatisfactory, it can take steps to alter it. I may
also adjust the burden of taxations on different groups. It
may provide certain services free or at subsidized prices. 20
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Four fiscal Functions: (Continue)
3. Allocation Function
If the Government considers that pattern of the production of
goods/ services generated by market forces is unsatisfactory, it
may influence the pattern by interventions like taxation,
subsidy and direct provision by the Government.
4. Taxation
Taxation has an importance effect on income distribution, and
that total sum raised a major component of the entire budget
revenue. 21
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

Five Phases of Budgeting
Phase-1
Identification of programme, projects or activities to be
completed during the budget period e.g, AIOU(at the 1st
phase)identifies the courses to be developed , printed and
launched…..
Phase-2
Identifications of the resources- manpower, money, machine
and materials (actual number of men/ machine/ material
etc). e.g. we'l identify the units for each course and the men/
machine/hours/days and material…….
22
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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5 Phases of Budgeting (Continue)
Phase-3
Costing of resources- the most important activities budgeting
e.g. cost per unit etc.
Phase-4
Presentation of Budget
The budget is formulated according to the budgetary
guidelines issued from time to time by proper authorities, the
University Grant Commissions (ministry of education) in case
of Allama Iqbal Open University).
23
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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5 Phases of Budgeting (Continue)
Phase-5
Obtaining approval of the appropriate authority
The final stage of budgeting involves piloting the budget
through a series of budget hearings. Here budget is subjected to
the views and compromises and adjustments are made.
24
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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25
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
26
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra

Management of Educational Resources P-2

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