Sources, Importance and Maintenance of Educational Financing and Forces Affecting Educational Financing.
Concept, Purpose, Functions, Phases and Advantages of Budgeting.
Management of Financial Resources in Educational Leadership and ManagementR.A Duhdra
Sources, Importance and Maintenance of Educational Financing and Forces Affecting Educational Financing.
Concept, Purpose, Functions, Phases and Advantages of Budgeting.
Under the nature of management and educational management
Examine critically the principles of management and make efforts to implement these principles in education.
Analyze the management process, elements and functions of management
High light the importance of Islamic management
Management is an art as were science of
Getting the work done
With the help of other people
Within the given budget
With in the given deadlines
John Goodlad's Contribution to American Curriculumferdametric
A historical perspective detailing John Goodlad's contributions. Eventually, he authored an award winning book in support of education called "A Place Called School" in 1984.
Secondary Education - Targets and Achievements in PakistanR.A Duhdra
The secondary education is to prepare adolescence for effective participation in social activities as good citizens of Pakistan committed to Islamic values, contributing to economical and technological development. The seventh 5-year plan aims at strengthening self-respect, self-esteem, and love for humanity.
So, secondary education would offer diversified programs. Talent should be groomed for developing a strong leadership group so vital to socio-cultural, economic and technological development of Pakistan.
Educational Administration and supervision (Reflection Notes)Ghulam Mujtaba
Administration refers to the group of individuals who are in charge of creating and enforcing rules and regulations, or those in leadership positions who complete important tasks.Administration is defined as the act of managing duties, responsibilities, or rules.
Educational planning
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
School Human Resource Management (SHRM)
SHRM are strategies of allocating and maximizing the utilization of available human resource (human skills) in the most effective manner among various tasks to achieve School goals and..to performing the activities that are necessary in the
maintenance of that workforce within the
School.
This presentation will help you to learn about educational management as a whole, especially medical education. It has special emphasis on General management, Teacher evaluation, Workshop management etc.
Human resource management in education is very important and toy with it would result in jeopardy. Human resources are the key to rapid socio-economic development and efficient service delivery. This is because education personnel’s are the major instrument for achieving educational goals and consequently, national development.
Strategic Planning for the Egyptian Higher Education sector using the notion of Blue Ocean to increase the perceived educational value presented by the ministry while maintaining a controlled cost structure
Management of Financial Resources in Educational Leadership and ManagementR.A Duhdra
Sources, Importance and Maintenance of Educational Financing and Forces Affecting Educational Financing.
Concept, Purpose, Functions, Phases and Advantages of Budgeting.
Under the nature of management and educational management
Examine critically the principles of management and make efforts to implement these principles in education.
Analyze the management process, elements and functions of management
High light the importance of Islamic management
Management is an art as were science of
Getting the work done
With the help of other people
Within the given budget
With in the given deadlines
John Goodlad's Contribution to American Curriculumferdametric
A historical perspective detailing John Goodlad's contributions. Eventually, he authored an award winning book in support of education called "A Place Called School" in 1984.
Secondary Education - Targets and Achievements in PakistanR.A Duhdra
The secondary education is to prepare adolescence for effective participation in social activities as good citizens of Pakistan committed to Islamic values, contributing to economical and technological development. The seventh 5-year plan aims at strengthening self-respect, self-esteem, and love for humanity.
So, secondary education would offer diversified programs. Talent should be groomed for developing a strong leadership group so vital to socio-cultural, economic and technological development of Pakistan.
Educational Administration and supervision (Reflection Notes)Ghulam Mujtaba
Administration refers to the group of individuals who are in charge of creating and enforcing rules and regulations, or those in leadership positions who complete important tasks.Administration is defined as the act of managing duties, responsibilities, or rules.
Educational planning
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
School Human Resource Management (SHRM)
SHRM are strategies of allocating and maximizing the utilization of available human resource (human skills) in the most effective manner among various tasks to achieve School goals and..to performing the activities that are necessary in the
maintenance of that workforce within the
School.
This presentation will help you to learn about educational management as a whole, especially medical education. It has special emphasis on General management, Teacher evaluation, Workshop management etc.
Human resource management in education is very important and toy with it would result in jeopardy. Human resources are the key to rapid socio-economic development and efficient service delivery. This is because education personnel’s are the major instrument for achieving educational goals and consequently, national development.
Strategic Planning for the Egyptian Higher Education sector using the notion of Blue Ocean to increase the perceived educational value presented by the ministry while maintaining a controlled cost structure
Alternative budget priorities elgeyo marakwet county, 2015-2016Timothy Kiprono
Our analysis of Elgeyo Marakwet County reveals that, allocation from highest to lowest per sector is as follows;
1. Health services sector has been allocated 27.2% (KES 895.2 million) of total budget.
2. Public administration sector has been allocated 25.4% (KES 838 million) of the total budget.
3. Agriculture, Rural Development, General Economic, commercial and labor affairs sector has been allocated 15.5% (KES 509 million) of the total budget.
4. Energy & Water, Infrastructure and ICT and E-government sector has been allocated 19% (KES 627.6 million) of the total budget.
5. Education, Social protection, Culture and recreation sector has been allocated 12.7% (KES 417.6 million) of the total budget.
Could you have prioritized differently? Read our proposed sector estimates for 2015/2016.
SCHEME GUIDELINES OF NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR YOUTH ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT (NPYAD)GK Dutta
The scheme titled National Programme for Youth Adolescent Development (NPYAD) has been formulated by merger of four 100% central sector grants-in-aid schemes of the Ministry of Skill Development, Entrepreneurship, Youth Affairs and Sports during 10th Plan namely, Promotion of Youth Activities & Training, Promotion of National Integration, Promotion of Adventure and Development and Empowerment of Adolescents, with a view to reduce multiplicity of schemes with similar objectives, ensuring uniformity in funding pattern and implementation mechanism, avoiding delays in availability of funds to the field level and institutionalising participation of State Governments in project formulation and its implementation. While there will be synergy and convergence in operational mechanism and programme delivery, there will be clear distinction with regards the financial parameters of each of the components under the scheme.
TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING HAITI’S STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN: 2014-2016 THREE-YEA...Stanleylucas
PARDH served as a guide for government authorities and international partners, so that a series of urgent measures and key projects could be carried out to put Haiti on the path of change, to ensure that it will be an emerging country by 2030. At the same time, the national authorities developed a Strategic Development Plan for Haiti, to provide further details on the PARDH guidelines and include all public policies in a consistent global package, as a single programming approach.
The Haiti Strategic Development Plan presents the new framework for the planning, programming, and management of Haitian development, the vision and the strategic guidelines for the country’s development, the four major work areas to be implemented to ensure the recovery and development of Haiti, the programs and subprograms to be implemented under each of them, and the major features of the implementation strategy. These choices are designed to make Haiti an emerging country by 2030, and testify to the clear intention of the authorities to seek a balanced, sustainable development that will guarantee and maximize the impact of the programmed activities. This approach will apply to the next three years covered by this document, which presents the three-year development program and the three-year investment program, the first tools for implementing the PSDH.
The first part of this document contains the three-year development framework. This framework is aimed specifically at accelerated, balanced economic growth and the sustainable reduction of poverty. It shows the road map the government will follow during the period to remain on target. It is also the vehicle to be used by the government to implement its activities, which have clearly formulated results indicators.
The second part of the document presents the 2014-2016 Three-Year Investment Program. More specifically, it lists the projects to be implemented. The projects chosen are a continuation of the following: recent action undertaken to begin the reform and reconstruction of Haiti; action carried out earlier under the National Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (DSNCRP) to reduce poverty and social
What financial tools do African countries have at their disposal to finance infrastructure projects? Exploring the role of development finance in addressing Africa’s infrastructure needs
Evaluation and Analysis of the City of Weslaco's Municipal Budget, 2014-2015
Graduate Research for Public Budgeting and Finance: Master of Public Affairs-Administration, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV)
Rev. 1.0
ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY unit 2 AIOU workshopR.A Duhdra
Philosophy of Higher Education
Four pillars emerge from philosophy of
education
Importance of Philosophy of Education
Need of the University
Contribution of Universities in Different Areas
Modes of the University
Factors Influencing the Selection of Mode
Open Learning Mode
Functions of the University
INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION unit 1 Part 2R.A Duhdra
explain the nature of higher education
discuss the need and purpose of higher
education
know the challenges and suggestions about
higher education
Understand the status, factors and reforms of
higher education in Pakistan
INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION 8625 unit 1 Part-1R.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION TO
HIGHER EDUCATION
explain the nature of higher education
discuss the need and purpose of higher
education
know the challenges and suggestions about
higher education
Understand the status, factors and reforms of
higher education in Pakistan
Unit-9 Psychological Testing and Its ImplicationsR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
Testing, in education and psychology is a systematic process to measure an individual’s knowledge, intelligence, specific skills and other personal traits. It is also to collect information about the strengths, weakness of a student, teacher and educational programme.
The questions, problems and tasks to be attempted are called test item. In this unit we are going to study some basic concepts related to psychological testing and assessment, its validity and reliability, major areas and kinds of psychological testing.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
Define tests and psychological testing
Describe nature and importance of psychological testing
Outline the different areas of psychological testing
Discuss the various kinds of tests
Know the reliability and validity of psychological testing
Differentiate between psychological testing and assessment
INTRODUCTION
Adolescence is a period of life with specific health and development needs. It is also a time to develop knowledge and skills, manage emotions and relationships and acquire attributes / abilities that will be important for enjoying the adolescent years and assuming adult roles.
This stage requires special care from adults. An adolescent longs for personal identity, striving for autonomy and independence. In this unit we are going to discuss the external factors that influence the development of an adolescent.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
Understand how community is important for the development of an adolescent
Understand how family can play a role in the psychological development of an adolescent
Elaborate the importance of media in adolescent development
Unit-7 Life Crisis and Problems and Issues in AdolescentR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
Adolescent crises mean the upheavals that the adolescents face during this period. These can be related to changes which are taking place in emotional, psychological and physical development areas. The parents feel confused and frustrated while interacting with their children. These crises may be failing school, staying out late, sleeping all day, running off, being expelled, use of drugs etc. affect the life of a teen ager.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
Define the crises in adolescence.
Understand the issues and problems of puberty.
Understand attachment theory and its implications in adolescence
Enumerate and identify few problems relating to adolescence
Unit-6 Moral Development in Adolescent PsychologyR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘moral’ comes from the Latin term ‘Mores’ which means manner, custom and habit. Moral development involves the formation of a system of values in which decisions concerning ‘right’ and ‘wrong’, ‘good’ and ‘bad’.
Moral development have three major faces - 1. Cognitive 2. Behavior 3. Emotional
OBJECTIVES
After studying the unit you will be able to
Define moral value development in humans.
Discuss morality and its constituents
Describe the nature of moral development
Outline different factors contributing towards moral development
Describes various Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theories of moral development
Unit-5 Social Development in Adolescent PsychologyR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
A society is peaceful, progressing and prosperous if all its members perform their duties towards others in a respectful manner.
The promotion of members of society with respect to their life longevity, education decent standard of living (per capita income) is called social development. All segments of society should be kept on the path of peace, prosperity and stability.
In this unit we are going to study about social development of children and adults through the process of education and training to prepare them for their future role in the society. Social development can be ensured as per indices set by UNDP and other organizations.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the learners will be able to
Explain the concept of social development.
Compare various theories of social development .
Discuss different aspects of nature of social development.
Justify the role of family in the social development of adolescent’s .
Elaborate the role of peers in social development of young ones .
Describe the school role in social development in the light of different theories
Education enables an individual to live healthy social life with emotional stability Emotional excitement Is related to our mind and body. In this unit, we will study some basic concepts related to emotional development like emotional problems and different strategies to understand emotional problems.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, you will be able to
define emotional development.
explain the nature and aspects of emotional development.
differentiate emotional development at different age levels.
outline various factors affecting Emotional Development.
describe the different kinds of Emotional Development.
discuss various strategies to cope with emotional problems.
DEFINITION
Emotional development involves learning what feelings and emotions are understanding how and why they occur recognizing your own feelings and those of others and developing effective ways for managing those feelings.
Emotional development is a complex affective experience e.g expression, understanding and regulation of emotions from birth to adolescence and adulthood.
After learning this unit, the students can be able to understand:
Define cognitive development
Describe the nature and aspects of cognitive development
Outline the various factors affecting C.D
Describe the role of cognitive development in behavioural changes
Describe changes
Describe piaget’s formal operations and its various characteristics
Explain information processing and decision making
INTRODUCTION
Cognitive development is the study of childhood neurological and psychological development which is assessed on the level of conception, perception, information processing and language as an indicator of brain development. In this unit we will study basic concepts related to cognitive development like nature, aspects of C.D. factors affecting C.D, educational implications, piagets’ stages of C.D, information processing and decision making.
After reading this unit, the learners will be able to:
Understand what biological changes occur during adolescence period.
Comprehended importance of norms and individual differences at puberty.
Conceptual knowledge of hormonal control of puberty
Grasp the idea of pubertal change and its effects on individuals.
Educational Management and Leadership SystemR.A Duhdra
Leadership is critical to educational development and specific preparation is are vital if leaders are to maximize their effectiveness. Senior teachers develop more leading capacity as they have experience to tackle unwanted situations. Leadership is the general process of influence and motivating others to work effectively while the management processes on planning and organizing to complete the task within time. All the teachers are managers as they have to manage teaching / learning activities.
Understand nature and need of educational management
State the nature and need of leadership
Debate on performance evaluation
Understand theories of performance management
Describe different techniques of performance evaluation
Social Change Management and Leadership R.A Duhdra
SOCIAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Change lead to a comprehensive transformation, as social as well as commercial, political, economic and cultural. Now the traditional companies have to change their business operations and direct them to new technologies in order to remain in the present competitive age.
After studying this unit the prospective teachers can be able to
Define change management and its role in organization and society
Elaborate ethics and code of ethics of leadership
Express management of innovation and changing role of educational leader / manager
Explain the concept of Teacher leadership
The human beharviour has diversity to handle various situations in a multi-faceted organization in different fields. There are five categories- autocratic, democratic, participative, goal oriented and situational. Different styles have been described before explaining Theories presented by researchers and at the end existing educational leadership styles being practiced in Pakistan have also been explained.
Discuss the concept of leadership styles
Elaborate research conducted by Ohio state University regarding behavioral leadership style.
Understand resreach conducted by University of Michigan and taxes regarding leadership styles.
Analyse the difference of researches conducted by these Universities.
Suggest solutions to meet the challenges of leadership styles in Pakistani education
Leadership is considered as being “a part of the problem-solving machinery of the group, (Gibb-1958). Leaders are highly powerful authority and can influence decisions made in the workplace to achieve organizational goals.
• Fredrick taylor gave the concept of scientific management to direct the organizational productivity.
• Max weber (1922) gave an idea of bureaucratic management.
• Mary parker follett (1926)- participatory management in “power with” as opposed to “power over.”
• Describe various theories of leadership.
• Discuss the necessary characteristics of leadership.
• Enumerate the leadership styles and need of taking appropriate decisions.
• Infer the leadership styles that has concern for people and production.
• Describe the important role of leadership that encourages participation and enhances contributions from group members.
International influence is exerted by one person or a group, over other people, to structure the activities and relationships in a group or organization.
A social influencing process, The nature of the influence, The purpose for the exercise of influence and its outcomes. Educational leadership is concerned with formal educational institutions. Leadership is generally not related to a role but viewed as a process.
• Describe the scope of educational leadership.
• Explain the concept of educational leadership in local context.
• Elaborate historical perspectives of educational leadership.
• Discuss the prevailing situation of educational leadership in local context.
• Explain the concept of educational leadership in international perspectives.
Components and maintenance of physical aspects (school building site of the school and hostel)
Component and maintenance of learning resources (instructional material, audio visual aids, library)
Conflict Management in Educational OrganizationsR.A Duhdra
Five conflict response modes.
Competing, Avoiding, Accommodating
Compromising, Collaborating
After studying this unit, the students will be able to
• Elaborate the conflict and conflict management.
• Explain the types of conflict in educational organizations.
• Identify the sources of conflict in educational organizations.
• Express the role of conflict and suggest strategies of handling conflicts in educational organizations.
Efforts are being made to seek and explore the most suitable forms of management for different work setting. Some of the theories have been developed 100 years ago that provide stable framework for an organization even to today. In this unit we are going to study classical as well as modern theories which would lead us towards enhancement of productivity, job satisfaction and conducive environment of an organization.
• The management theories in detail.
• Principles of scientific management theory.
• Principles of bureaucratic management theory.
• Strengths and limitations of classical management theories.
• Components of systems theory.
• Behavioral approach to management.
• Participate management a new model in management theories.
Evaluation Management System in Educational Leadership and ManagementR.A Duhdra
Understand the need and importance of evaluation in management.
Describe the system of evaluation
Understand the criteria of evaluation
Improve the school management system through evaluation
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Management of Educational Resources P-2
1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
Unit-4 Part-B
MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
IN
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
CC 6467
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
2. UNIT-4 PART-B
MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
4. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Educational Financing
Educational/School financing refers to the process by which
taxes revenues and other resources are derived for the
formation and operation of schools as well as the process by
which those resources are allocated in different geographical
areas and to types and levels of education.
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
5. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Introduction
The Financing of education is concerned with such questions as
summarized below.
1. Who pays for Education?
2. Who benefits from Education?
3. Who should pay?
4. What should be the method of paying?
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
6. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Introduction (Continue)
5. How should the students be financed?
6. How much of the total resources be devoted to education?
7. How much should be met out of budget and how much be
contributed from private source?
8. How should be expenditure be divided for different levels
and sectors of education?
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
7. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Who pays for Education- Institutions or Individuals.
In Pakistan federal or provincial Government Generally
finances education. sometimes education is financed by
private individuals, enterprisers, religious, organizations etc.
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
8. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Levels of Decision- Markers in Financing of Education.
There are four categories or levels of decision makers in the
financing of education.
(a) Supplies of finance, Charities, business enterprises.
(b) Allocation of finance, i.e Federal and provincial
Governments, foundations and trust.
(c) Spending bodies, such as DEOS, Directors of Education,
Managers of Private institutions who are responsible for
spending money and have no power to raise funds.
(d) Users of funds i.e all educational institutions.
8
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
9. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Sources of Educational Finance in Pakistan
1. Federal Government funds.
2. Provincial Government funds.
3. Private Organizations.
4. Fees
9
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
10. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Importance of Education Financing
1. Running of Educational institutes smoothly.
2. Provision of educational facilities for the society.
3. To facilitate the students who cannot pay fee and afford other
expenses.
4. The distributions of educational opportunities to different
groups of the population have consequences for social justice.
5. Investment in education sector will cause economic growth of
the country.
10
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
11. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The Factors which affect the demand for Education
I. Society
Need for knowledge, skills, continuity, socio cultural
environment etc.
II. Religion
Religious commandments, traditions, values etc are the main
impulses for demand of education.
11
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
12. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The Factors which affect the demand for Education(Continue)
III. political form of Government
Education is an instrument of realizing the ideals and aspirations
of the state. The purpose and needs of the state shadow the entire
sphere of educations, Leadership in a democracy springs from the
common people to whom more educational opportunities has to be
given.
IV. Industrialization.
(Need to propose/ produce man-power)
12
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
13. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The Factors which affect the demand for Education(Continue)
External Factors.
(Colonialism, modern challenges, international awareness etc)
i. Population: Status of Education
(The overall economy, the national ideals and the world status of
the Country determine the importance it would attach to
education).
13
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
14. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The Factors which affect the demand for Education(Continue)
ii. Economics Factors
The cycle of rise and decline of education coincides with economic
cycles. Education finances are closely connected with the national
dividend.
iii. System of Administration
The administrative Structure of the country determines the
distribution of financial responsibility for education among
different levels of administration, federal, regional, provincial local
bodies etc. 14
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra
15. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Budgeting
What is Budget?
a) A plan of activates in a time period relating their costs to
resources available.
b) A state of estimated receipts and expenses for a fixed period
and an authorization to collect revenues and to incur
emptiness.
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16. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Budgeting
What is Budget? (Continue)
c) A Budget is a comprehensive and coordinated plan,
expressed in financial terms for the operations of a system
or organization for a specific period to achieve
predetermined goals.
d) A plan of financial operation involving an estimate of the
proposed expenditure for a given period and proposed means
of financing them.
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17. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Purpose of Budget.
(a) To establish in advance the objective or end result of the
budget period.
(b) To provide the means of coordinating the activities of various
departments in the organization.
(c) To serve as basis of the orderly management or public funds.
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18. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Advantages of Budget
Budget is considered to be the first step in the implementation
of educational plan. Main advantages of budgeting are.
1. Policies are established.
2. Action is based on budgeting,
3. Activities in an organization are related to the available
resources and economic conditions.
4. Balanced programmes are developed,
5. Operations are controlled and wastage is prevented.
6. Weaknesses in the organization are revealed.
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19. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Function of Budget.
Budgeting serve three main functions:
1. Providing the operational cost time framework for activities
to be implemented.
2. For delegation of implementation authority.
3. Controlling and evaluating performance.
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20. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Four fiscal Functions:
1. The stabilization Function
It is concerned with the aggregation to size of the budget,
and of the budget, and its impact on the major macro-
economic variables: the volume of production, saving,
investment and the balance of trade.
2. Distributive Function
If the Government considers that the original distribution of
income is unsatisfactory, it can take steps to alter it. I may
also adjust the burden of taxations on different groups. It
may provide certain services free or at subsidized prices. 20
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21. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Four fiscal Functions: (Continue)
3. Allocation Function
If the Government considers that pattern of the production of
goods/ services generated by market forces is unsatisfactory, it
may influence the pattern by interventions like taxation,
subsidy and direct provision by the Government.
4. Taxation
Taxation has an importance effect on income distribution, and
that total sum raised a major component of the entire budget
revenue. 21
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22. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Five Phases of Budgeting
Phase-1
Identification of programme, projects or activities to be
completed during the budget period e.g, AIOU(at the 1st
phase)identifies the courses to be developed , printed and
launched…..
Phase-2
Identifications of the resources- manpower, money, machine
and materials (actual number of men/ machine/ material
etc). e.g. we'l identify the units for each course and the men/
machine/hours/days and material…….
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23. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
5 Phases of Budgeting (Continue)
Phase-3
Costing of resources- the most important activities budgeting
e.g. cost per unit etc.
Phase-4
Presentation of Budget
The budget is formulated according to the budgetary
guidelines issued from time to time by proper authorities, the
University Grant Commissions (ministry of education) in case
of Allama Iqbal Open University).
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24. MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
5 Phases of Budgeting (Continue)
Phase-5
Obtaining approval of the appropriate authority
The final stage of budgeting involves piloting the budget
through a series of budget hearings. Here budget is subjected to
the views and compromises and adjustments are made.
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