- The document discusses various topics related to solar energy including measurements of solar radiation, solar collectors, solar thermal applications, solar photovoltaic conversion, and solar cells.
- It describes different types of solar collectors like flat plate collectors and concentrating collectors that are used to harness solar energy for thermal applications and power generation.
- The document also explains the fundamentals of converting solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells and discusses solar PV power generation and applications.
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
solar water heating system - types and mechanismlee shin
solar is one of the trending technology getting into use which reduces the utility bills and bring more beneficial factor through its eco friendly method
Energy Management in Agriculture is a course which explains how energy can be managed and conserved in order to use it efficiently without harming the environment in the context of Agriculture.
A Complete Presenetation on "SOLAR WATER HEATER" By Himanshu Kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and ecofriendly.
Solar Energy Storage:-
Methods of storage such as sensible, latent heat &
thermochemical storage,selection of method of storage,
properties of storage materials and different arrangements of
storages
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This presentation gives us an insight into different types of solar plate collectors, and their respective applications.
solar water heating system - types and mechanismlee shin
solar is one of the trending technology getting into use which reduces the utility bills and bring more beneficial factor through its eco friendly method
Energy Management in Agriculture is a course which explains how energy can be managed and conserved in order to use it efficiently without harming the environment in the context of Agriculture.
A Complete Presenetation on "SOLAR WATER HEATER" By Himanshu Kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and ecofriendly.
Solar Energy Storage:-
Methods of storage such as sensible, latent heat &
thermochemical storage,selection of method of storage,
properties of storage materials and different arrangements of
storages
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This presentation gives us an insight into different types of solar plate collectors, and their respective applications.
Passive Solar Design (Architecture)
The intention of this slideshow is to provide a basic introduction to passive solar design and architecture.
A very simple historical example (Afghanistan) is given with some diagrams to explain the basics of passive solar and some passive ventilation principles (comparing winter and summer). Towards the end an example of a more complex design (Solar decathlon 2012-SLIDE house, Egypt) is included to illustrate some of the combination of solar principles and movement in relation to the sun (harvesting the energy of the sun). On some of the last slides I make a comment about the SLIDE house to
get the viewer to think about Nano technology and bio-mimetics. The last slide provide a link to a website on Bio-mimetics.
The viewer can explore bio-mimicry and its role in design by asking nature how?
Website: http://williamvanzyldvchc.co.nz/
Concentrated Solar Power Technologies (CSP)swapnil_energy
Analysis of Concentrated solar power (CSP) or Solar Thermal (STH) technologies with focus on its technology assessment, financials, challenge areas and solar market scenario
This is a presentation on Solar Power Generation .We believe Solar to be the most sustainable sector in the renewable energies space. AcornSolar promotes On-Grid and Off-Grid solutions in both domestic as well as industrial sectors.
1981: A 90.4-kW PV system was dedicated at Lovington Square Shopping Center (New Mexico) using Solar Power Corp. modules. A 97.6-kW PV system was dedicated at Beverly High School in Beverly, Massachusetts, using Solar Power Corp. modules. An 8-kW PV-powered (Mobil Solar), reverse-osmosis desalination facility was dedicated in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 1984: The IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Award was presented to Drs. David Carlson and Christopher Wronski at the 17th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, "for crucial contributions to the use of amorphous silicon in low-cost, high-performance photovoltaic solar cells." 1991: The Solar Energy Research Institute was redesignated as the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory by President George Bush. 1993: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF), opened in Golden, Colorado. 1996: The U.S. Department of Energy announces the National Center for Photovoltaics, headquartered in Golden, Colorado.
A brief introduction presentation mainly provides an idea about solar power field as it most growing energy business.
Main Solar Power technologies (Solar Photo-voltaic (PV) and Consentrated Solar Power (CSP)) have been presented on a simpe way in order to be suitable for Electrical & non Electrical Engineers and also trigger the energy investors for a huge opportunities on the field of Independent Power Producer (IPP).
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. UNIT II SOLAR ENERGY
1
Solar Radiation – Measurements of Solar
Radiation - Flat Plate and Concentrating
Collectors – Solar direct Thermal Applications
– Solar thermal Power Generation -
Fundamentals of Solar Photo Voltaic
Conversion – Solar Cells – Solar PV Power
Generation – Solar PV Applications.
3. 3
Solar energy
Solar energy comes from the light of the sun, which means it is a
renewable source of energy. We can use the sun light to create
pollution free electricity
The solar cell is the system used to convert the sunlight energy
into electrical energy
4. Disadvantages
• Solar panels are
expensive.
• When it is cloudy or at
night there is not enough
light.
• Some people don’t like
the look of solar panels.
What is it?
• Solar power
uses energy
from the
Sun.
• Solar panels
transfer the
Suns energy
to heat
water.
Advantages
• The energy from the Sun
is free.
• The sun does not produce
greenhouse gases.
• The sun will always be
there during our lifetime.
5. • Solar energy is the most readily available
source of energy.
• It is free.
• It is also the most important of the non-
conventional sources of energy because it is
non-polluting.
Solar Energy
6.
7. Energy from the sun
• About half the incoming solar energy reaches the Earth's surface.
• The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) (1015 watts) of incoming solar
radiation at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to
space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses.
• Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this
raises their temperature. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses
keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C.
• By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy,
which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are
derived.
7
8. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 8
Areas of the world with high Solar radiation
• The basic resource for all solar energy systems is the
sun.
• Knowledge of the quantity and quality of solar energy
available at a specific location is of prime importance
for the design of any solar energy system
9. PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture -1 9
• Although the solar radiation is relatively constant outside
the earth's atmosphere, local climate influences can cause
wide variations in available radiation on the earth’s surface
from site to site.
• In addition, the relative motion of the sun with respect to
the earth will allow surfaces with different orientations to
intercept different amounts of solar energy.
• It is the primary task of the solar energy system designer
to determine the amount, quality and timing of the solar
energy available at the site selected for installing a solar
energy conversion system.
19. Thermal Collector Mechanics
Solar energy is
absorbed,
transformed, and
concentrated in a
solar thermal
collector over a
time or spatial
gradient to produce
usable energy
20. Thermal Collector Technologies
• Solar Cookers
• Parabolic Troughs
• Parabolic Dish
• Central Receiver
System
• Solar Chimney
• Solar Distillers
• Solar Water Heaters
22. Parabolic Trough
• A parabolic trough concentrates sunlight along
a spatial gradient into a linear focal point
• A fluid acts as a thermal sink as it passes
through tubes along the focal point
• Parabolic troughs are used to generate
electricity but are susceptible to seasonal
changes
24. Parabolic Dish
• A parabolic dish or solar furnace is a large
reflector that concentrates thermal energy into
a single focal point
• The focal point can contain a Stirling Engine
to generate electricity or the energy can be
focused and used in industrial processes
• On a small scale, a reactor can be used in the
same way a solar oven is used
37. Solar Cookers
• Solar cookers or ovens are primarily used in
developing nations as a primary method for
cooking using passive solar heat to cook
primary meals
• Insulated box that collects solar radiation
enhanced by reflectors attached to each side
• Helps combat deforestation
39. Solar Distiller
• Solar radiation heats up the contaminated
water and allows the water to evaporate,
leaving the contaminant behind
• System design collects distilled water for use
• Technology purifies water and can serve from
one person to a community depending on the
size of system installed
43. Solar Chimney
A solar chimney is a technology that can be used to enhance the
ventilation of a residential or commercial structure.
44. Solar Water Heater - Overview
• A solar water heater concentrates solar energy
over a time gradient
• Common usage ranges from pool heaters to hot
water for showering and domestic use
• The most popular solar collector
• Heavily used in Florida until World War 2
increased the demand for copper
45. Solar Water Heater - Components
• Conductive thermal collectors
(painted black to aide absorption)
• Transparent cover to capture solar
radiation
• Pipes for water flow
• Insulation
• Water body
46. Solar Water Heater - Passive Design
• Passive design uses thermal convection to
circulate heat in the water system
• The water body needs to be above the solar
collector
• As water heats up it rises into the water body
pushing cold water down
48. Solar Water Heater - Active Design
• Uses pumps to circulate
hot water
• Spends electricity
lowering the energy
savings
49. Applying Solar Water Heating
• The solar collector should be placed facing South
and at an angle equal to that of the latitude
• For increased efficiency angle should be increase
by 15 degrees during the winter season and
decreased by 15 degrees in the summer
• This makes the angle to the sun closest to 90
degrees during seasonal changes
50. 50
What are Solar Cells?
• Solar cells are devices which convert solar light energy directly
into electricity
• Sunlight contains packets of energy called photons that can be
converted directly into electrical energy.
• This is referred to as the photovoltaic effect.
• Photo- means light and -voltaic means electrical current;
• A solar cell provides direct current (DC) electricity, similar to
batteries.
• Batteries however use electrochemical reaction.
51. 51
Atoms
An atom is composed of three different particles:
• Nucleus- Center of the atom:
1. Protons (P+)-- positively charged.
-- equal to the number of
electrons.
2 Neutrons -- no charge.
3. Electrons (e-) -- negatively charged.
-- orbit the nucleus.
The outermost electrons of an atom
determine its chemical and electrical
properties
Protons (P+)
Neutrons
(e-)
52. 52
Semiconductor Doping
• How can we change the electrical properties of the pure Semiconductor
material?
• By adding foreign material to it, called dopants. (impurities)
• Boron, phosphorus, arsenic are common dopants.
• Rate of low :1 every 100,000,000 atoms
high: 1 every 10,000 atoms
Silicon (Si) with Phosphorus (P2,8,5) dopant : n-type
(extra valence electrons are added)
Silicon (Si) with Boron (B2,3) dopant = p-type
(missing fourth valence electron, holes)
53. 53
Photon Hits the Atom of a “Semi” Material
.
www.altensol.comph/solal-photovoltaic
Hole is the “empty space” left behind as a result of the movement of the
free electron. Holes have + charge.
54. Disadvantages
• Solar cells are
expensive.
• They take up lots of
space.
• They only work in Sun
light
What is it?
• Solar cells
use energy
from the Sun.
• Solar panels
transfer the
Suns energy
directly into
electricity.
Advantages
• The energy from the Sun
is free.
• The sun does not produce
greenhouse gases.
• The sun will always be
there during our lifetime.
56. 56
. Sunlight is made of photons, small particles of energy.
These photons are absorbed by and pass through the material of a solar cell or
solar PV panel. The photons 'agitate' the electrons found in the material of the
photovoltaic cell.
As they begin to move (or are dislodged), these are 'routed' into a current. This,
technically, is electricity - the movement of electrons along a path.
www.altensol.com.ph/solar_photovoltaic_philip
The Process
57. 57
So, How does it work?
• Light breaks silicon bonds and creates “free” electrons
and holes, “missing electrons”
• Holes are positive charges
• Built-in field separates electrons and holes
Step 1. Photogeneration of charge carriers,
electron (negative) and hole (positive).
Step 2. Separation of the charge carriers
through the medium.
58. Solar Photo voltaic (SPV)
58
• In photovoltaic conversion, Solar radiation
falls on semi-conductor devices called solar
cells which convert the sunlight directly into
electricity.
• When a bright light shines on a cell, energy
from the light (photons) enables electrons to
break free from the junction between them.
This is called photo electric effect.
59. Solar Photo voltaic (SPV)
59
• N-Type – Excess electrons
• N- Type- doping with phosphorous or arsenic
• P- Type – Shortage of electrons
• P Type – doping silicon with boron
• When cell is connected to a load, Electron flow
from n-type to p-type
• The ratio of the maximum useful power to the
ideal power is called fill factor(k). K=0.65 to0.80