A Power Point Presentation on THE SUN, SOLAR ENERGY, IT'S ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, VARIOUS SOLAR MISSIONS, SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTERS and IT'S MECHANISM along with other FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.....

1. Solar Energy

2. What is Solar Energy?
• The most precise Solar Energy definition : Energy
from the sun.
• But what is solar energy really?
There are two types of solar energy: Thermal
Energy & Electric Energy
• Thermal Energy: Thermal Energy is everywhere. It’s
lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and
our homes. It dries our clothes . All for free!
• Electric Energy: Electric Energy uses the power of
the sun to produce electricity through solar cells,
otherwise known as Photovoltaics (PV).

3. • Age = 4.6 billion years
• Distance from earth = 149,597,900 km
• Diameter = 14 lakh km
• Spinning time = 26.8 days at equatorial region
• = 36 days at polar region
• Mass = 2 x 10³º kg
• Energy source – nuclear fusion ( H to He)
• Elements- 70 % H 2 , 28 % He , and 2% other gases
The Sun

4. • World Energy Conservation
predicted estimation about the rate
of utilization of energy resources
shows that the coal depositscoal deposits will
deplete within the next 200200 to 300300
years and petroleum depositspetroleum deposits will
deplete in next few decadesnext few decades
• The huge consumption of fossil
fuels has caused visible damage to
the environment in various forms
• The most advantage using SolarSolar
EnergyEnergy is that this is distributed
over a wide geographical area,
ensuring that developing regions
such as IndiaIndia have access to
electricity generation at a stable
cost for the long-term future
Why Solar Energy ?Why Solar Energy ?Why Solar Energy ?Why Solar Energy ?

5. Importance of Solar EnergyImportance of Solar EnergyImportance of Solar EnergyImportance of Solar Energy
Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

6. Current Energy ConsumptionCurrent Energy Consumption

8. With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year,
India's theoretical Solar power reception,
on only its land area, should be about 5000
Petawatt hours per year.
1 Petawatt =1000000000000000 watts

9.  Solar power is by far the Earth's most available
energy source, easily capable of providing many
times the total current energy demand.
 Two main commercial ways of conversion of
sunlight into electricity.
i. Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
ii. Photovoltaic Plants (PV)

10. Concentrating Solar Plant
 Concentrated solar power systems use the sun
as the “thermal heat” source .
Solar heat is used to create steam which then
spins the turbine which drives a generator to
produce electricity.
 On the basis of the method used for
extraction of heat energy CSP can be further
divided into
1.Parabolic trough
2.Solar tower system.

11. ParabolicTrough
 Trough systems collect the sun's energy using long
rectangular, parabolic mirror collectors
 The mirrors mechanically rotate and follow the sun east
to west, focusing sunlight on receiver tubes that run the
length of the mirrors.
 The receiver tubes are positioned along the focal line of
each parabolic mirror. The reflected condensed sunlight
is very intense and heats a fluid flowing through the
tubes to a very high temperature (about 550 C)
 The very hot fluid is then used to heat water to create
steam for a conventional steam turbine generator to
produce electricity.

12. Parabolic Mirror Collector

15.  The receiver tube is a stainless steel tube with a special
sunlight absorbing surface and is mounted inside an anti-
reflective outer glass tube with a vacuum separating the
two tubes.
 A molten salt compound is used as the transfer fluid. The
molten salt is a mixture of 60 % sodium nitrate and 40 %
potassium nitrate, commonly called saltpeter.

16. Solar Tower System
 Tower systems have three main components: ground
heliostats, a tower, and a central receiver at the top of
the tower.

17.  The function of the heliostats is to capture solar radiation
from the sun and re-direct it to the central receiver.
 A heliostat rotates in two dimensions, east and west,
and north and south, tracking the sun as it moves
throughout the day and throughout the year.
 The centralized receiver is located in the upper section of
the tower.
 The receiver absorbs the sunlight from the heliostats and
transfers the energy to a circulating fluid, usually molten
salt.
 Molten fluid is used for the generation of steam. This
steam then drives a conventional turbine at the bottom
of the tower and hence electricity is generated

19. PhotoVoltaic Plant
Photovoltaics are best known as a method for
generating electric power by using solar cells to
convert energy from the sun into a flow of
electrons.The Photovoltaic effect refers to
photons of light exciting electrons into a higher
state of energy, allowing them to act as charge
carriers for an electric current.

23. What is it?
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission (also known as the National Solar
Mission) is a major initiative of
the Government of India and State
Governments to promote ecologically
sustainable growth while addressing
India’s energy security challenges. It will
also constitute a major contribution by
India to the global effort to meet the
challenges of climate change.

24. Aims
 To promote the use of solar energy
through solar photovoltaic and thermal
systems for power generation.
 To also integrate other renewable energy
technologies like biomass and wind.

25. Timeline
The Mission will adopt a 3-phase approach,
spanning the remaining period of the 11th Plan
and first year of the 12th Plan (up to 2012-13) as
Phase 1, the remaining 4 years of the 12th Plan
(2013–17) as Phase 2 and the 13th Plan (2017–
22) as Phase 3. At the end of each plan, and
mid-term during the 12th and 13th Plans, there
will be an evaluation of progress, review of
capacity and targets for subsequent phases,
based on emerging cost and technology
trends, both domestic and global.

26. Solar powered “Auto Rickshaw”Solar powered “Auto Rickshaw”
NASA designed Solar powered
vehicle- “HELIOS”
NASA designed Solar powered
vehicle- “HELIOS”
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGYPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY

27. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGYPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
Semi autonomous War
machine- ”Odysseus”
Semi autonomous War
machine- ”Odysseus”
Solar car- “ Quant”Solar car- “ Quant”

28. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGYPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar street lightSolar street light
Solar cooker used in
Rural India
Solar cooker used in
Rural India

29. Solar Energy Advantages
• Saves you money
• After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is
practically FREE.
• Financial incentives are available form the government that will reduce your
cost.
• Environment friendly
• It's not affected by the supply and demand of fuel and is therefore not
subjected to the ever-increasing price of gasoline.
• Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas, oil and coal), sustainable and
helping to protect our environment.
• As we see previously ,it does no pollute air.
• Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain or
smog. It actively contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas
emissions. By not using any fuel, Solar Energy does not contribute to the cost
and problems of the recovery and transportation of fuel or the storage of
radioactive waste.

30. Solar Energy Advantages
• Low/ no maintenance
• Solar Energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last for
decades.
• Once installed, there are no recurring costs. They operate silently, have no
moving parts, do not release offensive smells and do not require you to
add any fuel. More solar panels can easily be added in the future when
your family's needs grow.

31. Solar Energy- Main Drawbacks
• The initial cost is the main disadvantage of installing a solar energy
system, largely because of the high cost of the semi-conducting
materials used in building one.
• The cost of solar energy is also high compared to non-renewable
utility-supplied electricity.
• Solar panels require quite a large area for installation to achieve a
good level of efficiency.
• The efficiency of the system also relies on the location of the sun,
although this problem can be overcome with the installation of
certain components. The production of solar energy is influenced
by the presence of clouds or pollution in the air. Similarly, no solar
energy will be produced during nighttime although a battery
backup system and/or net metering will solve this problem.
• As far as solar powered cars go - their slower speed might not
appeal to everyone caught up in today's rat race.

32. FINAL VERDICT
• Penalizing extractive and polluting
fossil-fuel energy
• Create Incentives
– Feed-in tariffs
– Net metering
– Rebates
– Consumer tax deductions
– Production Tax credits
• Invest in R&D
• Penalizing extractive and polluting
fossil-fuel energy
• Create Incentives
– Feed-in tariffs
– Net metering
– Rebates
– Consumer tax deductions
– Production Tax credits
• Invest in R&D
A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170
lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being
released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from
being consumed each month!
A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170
lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being
released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from
being consumed each month!
Tools For Adoption & Acceleration Solar Energy CollectorSolar Energy Collector
Solar DishSolar Dish