The document discusses solar energy, including its various forms and applications. It provides information on:
1) The different types of solar energy including thermal, electric, photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and discusses technologies like solar water heaters, solar cells, and solar cookers.
2) How solar cells work, including the photovoltaic effect and formation of electrons when photons strike silicon.
3) Components of flat plate and evacuated tube solar thermal collectors and materials used.
4) Performance analysis of solar collectors and factors that determine useful heat gain.
5) Current status of solar energy in India and its potential for meeting energy demands.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
Photovoltaic Power Conversion systems
Solar constant:
Pyranometer:
Solar Photovoltaic(SPV) systems
Construction of Solar Cell
I-V curve and PV curve of solar cell
Efficiency of Solar Panel
Effect of Dust On Performance Of Solar PV Panel
Effect of temperature on solar power panel efficiency
Solar Photovoltaic(SPV) systems
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
Energy storage system can actually store energy and use the stored energy whenever the need arises.
As the need for clean energy arises, the need to replace current existing power plants have become a global issue.
NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE
Supply and Demand mismatch
Utilize storage for peak periods.
Reliable power supply.
Reduce the need for new generation capacity.
Electrical vehicles
Emergency support.
Energy storage systems are the set of methods and technologies used to store various forms of energy.
There are many different forms of energy storage
Batteries: a range of electrochemical storage solutions, including advanced chemistry batteries, flow batteries, and capacitors
Mechanical Storage: other innovative technologies to harness kinetic or gravitational energy to store electricity
Compressed Air: utilize compressed air to create energy reserves. Electricity can be converted into hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen can be then stored and eventually re-electrified.
Pumped hydro-power: creates energy reserves by using gravity and the manipulation of water elevation
Thermal: capturing heat or cold to create energy
The choice of energy storage technology is typically dictated by application, economics, integration within the system, and the availability of resources.
Types of Nuclear Reactors,BWR,Boiling Water Reactor,PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor,PHWR,Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor,GCR,Gas Cooled Reactor,AGR,Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor,LGR-Light Water Cooled,Graphite Moderated Reactor,nuclear reactor
different types of solar cooker,parabolic solar cooker largest solar steam cooking plant in INDIA at SHIRDI ,parabolic solar cooker stirling engine,steam cooking by parabolic reflectors at MOUNT ABU RAJISTHAN ,INDIA
Photovoltaic Power Conversion systems
Solar constant:
Pyranometer:
Solar Photovoltaic(SPV) systems
Construction of Solar Cell
I-V curve and PV curve of solar cell
Efficiency of Solar Panel
Effect of Dust On Performance Of Solar PV Panel
Effect of temperature on solar power panel efficiency
Solar Photovoltaic(SPV) systems
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
Energy storage system can actually store energy and use the stored energy whenever the need arises.
As the need for clean energy arises, the need to replace current existing power plants have become a global issue.
NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE
Supply and Demand mismatch
Utilize storage for peak periods.
Reliable power supply.
Reduce the need for new generation capacity.
Electrical vehicles
Emergency support.
Energy storage systems are the set of methods and technologies used to store various forms of energy.
There are many different forms of energy storage
Batteries: a range of electrochemical storage solutions, including advanced chemistry batteries, flow batteries, and capacitors
Mechanical Storage: other innovative technologies to harness kinetic or gravitational energy to store electricity
Compressed Air: utilize compressed air to create energy reserves. Electricity can be converted into hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen can be then stored and eventually re-electrified.
Pumped hydro-power: creates energy reserves by using gravity and the manipulation of water elevation
Thermal: capturing heat or cold to create energy
The choice of energy storage technology is typically dictated by application, economics, integration within the system, and the availability of resources.
Types of Nuclear Reactors,BWR,Boiling Water Reactor,PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor,PHWR,Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor,GCR,Gas Cooled Reactor,AGR,Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor,LGR-Light Water Cooled,Graphite Moderated Reactor,nuclear reactor
different types of solar cooker,parabolic solar cooker largest solar steam cooking plant in INDIA at SHIRDI ,parabolic solar cooker stirling engine,steam cooking by parabolic reflectors at MOUNT ABU RAJISTHAN ,INDIA
What is solar energy?
Types of solar energy
Solar thermal energy
Photovatic energy (PV)
How are solar panels made?
How does solar energy works?
Uses of solar energy
Strenghts of solar energy
Weakness of solar energy
Opportunites of solar energy
Threats of solar energy
A brief introduction presentation mainly provides an idea about solar power field as it most growing energy business.
Main Solar Power technologies (Solar Photo-voltaic (PV) and Consentrated Solar Power (CSP)) have been presented on a simpe way in order to be suitable for Electrical & non Electrical Engineers and also trigger the energy investors for a huge opportunities on the field of Independent Power Producer (IPP).
Solar power presenetation, made by students faculty of enegineering, Suez Canal university
Why solar power
Solar powert type
Photocell types
batteries
Solar power application
Solar planes
Solar boats
SOLAR ENERGY - The Future Requirement Arjun Martin
A Power Point Presentation on THE SUN, SOLAR ENERGY, IT'S ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, VARIOUS SOLAR MISSIONS, SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTERS and IT'S MECHANISM along with other FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.....
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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4. Introduction
• Solar energy as its name shows the energy of
the sun. since the beginning of mankind we
have used the energy of the sun to dry clothes
and food but it wasn’t until 1954 scientists in
the United States worked out a way to use the
sun to create electricity.
• Solar Energy originates with the thermonuclear
fusion reactions occurring in the sun.
5. The sun
• Diameter: 1.39E9 m (120 x greater than earth)
• Distance from earth = 1.495E11 m (93 million
miles) ± 1.7%
• Center: Density 100 x density of water and
T>1E6 K ≅
• Powered by hydrogen fusion
• Composed of layers. The
outer layer is the photosphere.
• Effective blackbody temperature of 5777 K
Solar energy
B.P.P.I.M.T
6. what is solar energy?
• It is the radiation from the sun that is capable of
producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or
generating electricity.
• It is the largest source of energy received on
Earth, but its intensity on the earth’s surface is
quite low.
• The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface
is mostly spread across the visible and near
infrared ranges with a small part in the ultraviolet
region.
Solar Energy & Solar Panels
Alternative energies
7. Solar energy
• There are two types of solar energy: Thermal
Energy & Electric Energy
• Thermal Energy: Thermal Energy is everywhere.
It’s lights up our days. It heats the earth, our
bodies and our homes. It dries our clothes .
• Electric Energy: Electric Energy uses the power
of the sun to produce electricity through solar
cells, otherwise known as Photovoltaics (PV).
Solar energy
B.P.P.I.M.T
Conti.
10. Photovoltaic Effect
• Photovoltaic comes from the words photo,
meaning light, and volt, a measurement of
electricity.
• Photovoltaic Electricity is obtained by using
photovoltaic system.
• A basic photovoltaic system consists of four
components: Solar Panel, Battery, Regulator
and the load.
11. Photovoltaic
• The generation of voltage across the PN
junction in a semiconductor due to the
absorption of light radiation is called
photovoltaic effect.
• The Devices based on this effect is called
photovoltaic device.
Conti..
13. Advantages of solar energy
• Saves you money
-After the initial investment has been recovered,
the energy from the sun is practically FREE.
-Financial incentives are available form the
government that will reduce your cost.
14. Advantages
• Environment friendly
-It's not affected by the supply and demand of
fuel and is therefore not subjected to the ever-
increasing price of gasoline.
-Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas,
oil and coal), sustainable and helping to protect
our environment.
-As we see previously ,it does no pollute air.
conti
15. Advantages
• Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to
global warming, acid rain or smog.
• It actively contributes to the decrease of
harmful green house gas emissions.
• By not using any fuel, Solar Energy does not
contribute to the cost and problems of the
recovery and transportation of fuel or the
storage of radioactive waste
conti
16. Advantages
• Low/ no maintenance
-Solar Energy systems are virtually
maintenance free and will last for decades.
-Once installed, there are no recurring costs.
They operate silently, have no moving parts, do
not release offensive smells and do not require
you to add any fuel. More solar panels can easily
be added according to needs grow.
Conti
17. Disadvantages of solar energy
• Sun does not shine consistently.
• The main disadvantage of solar cell is initial
cost.
• solar cell require large areas of land to achieve
average efficiency.
• Addressed by approaching the problem
through:1) collection, 2) conversion, 3)storage.
file:///H:/solar/solare-141229235048-conversion-gate01.pdf
18. Disadvantages
• Air pollution and weather can also have a large
effect on the efficiency of the cells.
• The silicon used is also very expensive and the
solar cells can only ever generate electricity
during the daytime.
Solar Cells
By: Omar Ahmed Syed
19. Types of solar energy
• Passive Solar Energy
• Active Solar Energy
• Photovoltaic Solar Power
• Solar Thermal Energy
• Concentrated Solar Power
B.V. Patel Umarakh
20. Passive Solar Energy
• It is a method in which solar energy is
harnessed in its direct form without using any
mechanical devices. Drying Clothes in
daylight is an example of using solar energy
passively. Passive Solar Energy has a few
applications which all of us can use.
• Day lighting
• Passive Solar Heating
• Passive Solar Cooling
B.V. Patel Umarakh
21. Active Solar Energy
• The Active Solar Energy employs mechanical
or electrical equipment for functioning and
increase system efficiency. As an example
water pumps are used to circulate water
through the active solar energy water heating
system.
• Active Solar Water Heating
• Active Solar Pool Heating
• Active Solar Space Heating
B.V. Patel Umarakh
22. Solar Thermal Energy
• Solar Thermal Energy is the heat energy derived
from the incident solar energy (sunlight). This is
used by Solar Heating Panels. Solar Thermal
Energy have advantages like other forms of solar
energy.
-Solar Water Heating
-Solar Pool Heating
-Solar Space Heating
Electricity can be generated using solar
energy commonly this is known as Solar Thermal
Electricity
23. Photovoltaic Solar Power
• The Energy generated by incident solar energy
(light) into electricity is termed as Photovoltaic
Solar Power. This is done using Photovoltaic
Solar Cells.
• Solar Electricity
• Photovoltaic Solar Lighting
• Photovoltaic Cooling
24. Concentrated Solar Power
• Concentrated Solar Power is a branch of Solar
Thermal Energy which is used to generate
solar power electricity. Electricity is produced
on a large scale by using this technology. This
technology is not in either of our scope. But
we can surely get its benefits from a renewable
energy supplier or green power from the
electricity supply company.
25. Uses of solar energy
• Heat Your Swimming Pool With Solar Energy
• Solar Energy Can Heat Your Water
• Solar Energy For Batter y Charging
• Power Your Home With Solar Energy
• Solar Energy For Cooking
• Solar Energy for Indoor Lighting
• Solar Energy Used For Outdoor Lighting
26. Main Products of solar energy
• Solar water heater
• Solar cooker
• Solar cell
27. SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
• A Solar thermal collectors are special kind of
heat exchangers that transform solar radiation
energy to internal energy of the transport
medium
• Collector is a device which absorbs the
incoming solar radiation, converts it into heat,
and transfers this heat to a fluid (usually air,
water, or oil)flowing through the collector.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
28. TYPES OF SOLAR THERMAL
COLLECTORS
• For domestic/ industrial water heating and
space heating purposes the solar thermal
collectors are classified as:-
-FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS.
-EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR
COLLECTORS.
Conti.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
29. FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS
Side view of flat plate collector
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
30. Components
• Absorber plate: It is usually made of copper , steel
or plastic . The surface is covered with a flat black
material of high absorptance. If copper or steel is
used it is possible to apply a selective coating that
maximizes the absorptance of solar energy and
minimizes the radiation emitted by plate
• Flow passages: The flow passages conduct the
working fluid through the collector. If the working
fluid is a liquid , the flow passage is usually a tube
that is attached to or is a part of absorber plate. If the
working fluid is air , the flow passage should be
below the absorber plate to minimize heat losses.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
31. Components
• Cover plate(Glass): To reduce convective and
radiative heat losses from the absorber , one or two
transparent covers are generally placed above the
absorber plate . They usually be made from glass or
plastic.
• insulation: These are some materials such as fiberglass
and they are placed at the back and sides of the
collector to reduce heat losses.
• Enclosure: A box that the collector is enclosed in holds
the components together, protect them from weather,
facilitates installation of the collector on a roof or
appropriate frame.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
32. Material of Absorber and Pipes
• Copper , which has high conductivity and is
corrosion resistant, is the material for absorber
plates, but because copper is expensive, steel is
also widely used.
• The surface of the absorber plate determines how
much of the incident solar radiation is absorbed
and how much is emitted at a given temperature.
Flat black paint which is widely used as a coating
has an absorptance of about 95 percent for
incident shortwave solar radiation. It is durable
and easy to apply.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
33. Material of cover plates
• A cover plate for a collector should have a high
transmittance for solar radiation and should not
detoriate with time. The material most commonly
used is glass. A 0.32-cm thick sheet of window
glass ( iron content, 0.12 percent ) transmits 85
percent of solar energy at normal incidence. And
all glass is practically opaque to long-wavelength
radiation emitted by the absorber plate.
• Some plastic materials can be used for collector
glazing. They are cheaper and lighter than glass
and, because they can be used in very thin sheets
35. EVACUATED SOLAR TUBE
COLLECTOR
• ETC’s are built to reduce convective and heat
conduction loss (vacuum is a heat insulator).
• Each evacuated tube consists of two glass tubes.
• The outer tube is made of extremely strong
transparent glass that is able to withstand
changing climatic conditions.
• The inner tube is also made of glass, but coated
with a special selective coating which features
excellent solar heat absorption and minimal heat
reflection properties.
• The air is evacuated from the space between the
two glass tubes to form a vacuum
37. Collector Performance Analysis
• The analysis will first be done for a steady state
situation in which the liquid is flowing through
tubes.
an energy balance on the absorber plates yields
the following equation:-
Useful energy = energy absorbed heat loss to
gain (Qu) by the collector surroundings
Source:- SP Sukhatme
38. Analysis
qu = Ap S - ql
Which
qu = Useful heat gain
S = Incident Solar flux
Ap = Area of the absorber plate
ql = rate at which heat is lost by
convection and re-radiation from
the top
Conti.
Source:- SP Sukhatme
46. What is a solar cell?
• A structure that converts solar energy directly
to DC electric energy. – It supplies a voltage
and a current to a resistive load (light, battery,
motor).
• It is stored in a battery because it supplies DC
power.
• It is different from a battery in the sense that
the voltage supplied by the cell changes with
changes in the resistance of the load
47. Basic of Solar Cells
• Silicon (Si) is from group 4 of the period
table. When many Si atoms are in close
proximity, the energy states form bands of
forbidden energy states.
• One of these bands is called the band gap and
the absorption of light in Si is a strong
function.
• Si is covalently bonded: It shares electrons.
Conti.
Solar Cells
By: Omar Ahmed Syed
48. Basic
• When a Si atom is replaced with a group 3
(Al, B) it forms a positive particle called a
hole that can move around the crystal
through diffusion or drift (electric field).
• When a Si atom is replaced with a group 5
(As, P) it forms an electron that can move
around the crystal
Conti.
Solar Cells
By: Omar Ahmed Syed
49. Electron Formation
• Photovoltaic energy conversion relies on the
number of photons striking the earth. (photon is a
flux of light particles)
• On a clear day, about 4.4 x 1017 photons strike a
square centimeter of the Earth's surface every
second.
• Only some of these photons - those with energy in
excess of the band gap - can be converted into
electricity by the solar cell.
• When such photon enters the semiconductor, it
may be absorbed and promote an electron from
the valence band to the conduction band.
51. Why Solar energy ?
• World Energy Conservation predicted estimation about
the rate of utilization of energy resources shows that the
coal deposits coal deposits will deplete within the next
200 to 300 years and petroleum deposits petroleum
deposits will deplete in next few decades next few
decades
• The most advantage using Solar Energy is that this is
distributed over a wide geographical area, ensuring that
developing regions such as India have access to
electricity generation at a stable cost for the long-term
future
• The huge consumption of fossil fuels has caused visible
damage to the environment in various forms
52. Current status
• India is facing an acute energy scarcity which
is hampering its industrial growth and
economic progress of the country.
• The National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC) also points out: “India is a tropical
country, where sunshine is available for longer
hours per day and in great intensity.
Growth of Solar Energy in India – Present Status and Future Possibilities
53. Current status
• About 7.5 Kwh/m2 /day of solar energy is
received over the country as a whole, for the
major portion of the year, of which the maximum
about 210 Kwh/m2 /month is received during
cloud free winter months and premonsoon months
and the minimum 140 Kwh/m2 /month is received
during monsoon seasons.
• Diffused solar radiation is a minimum 740
KWh/m2 over Rajasthan increasing eastwards to
840 KWh/m2 in Assam and to 920 KWh/m2 in
extreme South of the peninsula
Conti.
Growth of Solar Energy in India – Present Status and Future Possibilities
54. Status of India and states
Growth of Solar Energy in India – Present Status and Future Possibilities
56. Source:- TERI
About 5,000 trillion
kWh per year energy
is incident over
India’s land area with
most parts receiving
4-7 kWh per square
meter per day.
58. References
• Basu S N, Karmakar A & Pushmita.
BhattacharyaGrowth of Solar Energy in India
– Present Status and Future Possibilities.
• Wind Power Fundamentals.Presented by: Alex
Kalmikov and Katherine Dykes With
contributions from: Kathy Araujo PhD
Candidates, MIT Mechanical Engineering,
Engineering Systems and UbPli Urban
Planning
59. References
• Solar Energy & Solar Panels by gaurav.
• Alternative energies- solarenergy 110406195126
• Book solar energy by SP sukhatme.