An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
• Solar resource assessment
• Determination of profitability of a PV plant
• Selection and optimization of the site.
• Selection of components (Inverters, Modules, Protection and Wiring, Grounding, Transformers, Metering, Grid Connection)
• Advanced calculations : Estimated losses; Shading study, etc
• Electrical diagrams
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
• Solar resource assessment
• Determination of profitability of a PV plant
• Selection and optimization of the site.
• Selection of components (Inverters, Modules, Protection and Wiring, Grounding, Transformers, Metering, Grid Connection)
• Advanced calculations : Estimated losses; Shading study, etc
• Electrical diagrams
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, through directly using photovoltaic (PV). Photovoltaic convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
In presentation photovoltaic effect, solar cell material, types of solar cell, working principle, solar pv module, PV systems, Sizing of solar PV system etc are included.
Overview of Solar Power Plant .
Explaining various components working & Use in Solar Power Plant that is used for Commercial Purpose be it industries or any Other commercial organisation .
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, through directly using photovoltaic (PV). Photovoltaic convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
In presentation photovoltaic effect, solar cell material, types of solar cell, working principle, solar pv module, PV systems, Sizing of solar PV system etc are included.
Overview of Solar Power Plant .
Explaining various components working & Use in Solar Power Plant that is used for Commercial Purpose be it industries or any Other commercial organisation .
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
The project we have undertaken is “Solar Inverter”. A solar inverter, or PV inverter, converts the direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-line electrical network.
A solar inverter, or PV inverter, converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical component in a photovoltaic system, allowing the use of ordinary commercial appliances. Solar inverters have special functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and anti-islanding protection.
Those shiny solar panels you see everywhere… this is their chance to shine. But how do solar panels work? When the sunlight hits the solar cells on a rooftop solar panel, it converts particles of sunlight (photons) into electrons of direct current (DC) electricity.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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13. Renewable energy is energy that is collected
from renewable resources, which are
naturally replenished on a human
timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides,
waves, and geothermal heat
Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels
in four distinct areas: electricity generation,
hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and
rural (off-grid)energy services.
19. Solar Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic has been derived from the
combination of two words, "Photo" and "Voltaic".
Photo means light and Voltaic means
electricity.
It is a technology that converts light
directly into electricity. Photovoltaic
material, most commonly highly purified silicon
converts sunlight directly into electricity.
20. SOLAR POWER TERMINLOGY
The energy produced by nuclear fusion is
conveyed from the heart of
The Sun by light particles and heat,
called Photons.
21.
22. SOLAR CONSTANT is the rate at which energy reaches the earth's surface
from the sun, usually taken to be 1,360 watts per square metre
25. Diffuse sunlight: Sunlight diffused by clouds and
other atmospheric particles that have no defined
direction from the sun to the observation point on
the ground
Direct sunlight: Sun’s rays that fall directly
from the sun to the observation point on the
ground
Global radiation refers to the total solar radiation
that strikes a surface. It includes both the direct and
diffuse radiation.
37. When the sun's rays strike Earth's surface near the equator, the
incoming solar radiation is more direct (nearly perpendicular or closer to a
90˚ angle).
Therefore, the solar radiation is concentrated over a smaller surface
area, causing warmer temperatures.
38.
39.
40. The Sun's zenith angleis the angle that a beam of light makes with a
line drawn perpendicular to the surface.
This angle is referred to as the " noon sun angle"
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55. OrientationIn the northern hemisphere, a south-facing roof is
ideal as the sun is always to the south if you are in the temperate zone and
predominantly in the south for many parts of the tropical zone.
Conversely, for those in the southern hemisphere (for instance in Australia), a
north facing roof is more optimal.
60. Solar Photovoltaic :
Photovoltaic has been derived from the
combination of two words, "Photo" and "Voltaic".
Photo means light and Voltaic means electricity. It
is a technology that converts light directly into
electricity. Photovoltaic material, most commonly
highly purified silicon converts sunlight directly into
electricity.
61.
62.
63. There are two main types of silicon used to make solar cells.
Mono crystalline solar cells are made from wafers cut from a
single large crystal of silicon while polysilicon solar cells are
cut from a solid silicon ingot that is made of many smaller
crystals.
Because mono silicon is mostly free of defects solar cells
made from it have higher efficiency than poly silicon cells.
Poly silicon is sometimes called multi crystalline silicon
71. Standard test conditions (STC) are conditions in
which a module’s or cell’s current and voltage
characteristics are measured and then recorded in the
module data sheet.
STC = 1,000 W/m², 25° C cell temperature, solar
spectrum AM = 1.5.
72. The Effect of Temperature on Solar
Panels. ... It is easy to presume that more
sun and therefore more heat result in more
electricity but this is wrong.
Different solar panels react differently to the
operating ambient temperature, but in all
cases the efficiency of a solar
panel decreases as it increases
in temperature.
73. Ambient Temperature Solar panel temperature is an often
ignored but critical parameter in a hot country like India.
solar PV panels generate less power in very hot summers as the heat
reduces their efficiency (the voltage reduces). In Chennai, the month of
January delivers better output than May
A temperature coefficient of -0.447 indicates that every 1°C increase in
temperature over 25°C will cause a 0.447% decrease in power.
Equally, every 1°C decrease in temperature over 25°C will cause a
0.447%increase in power
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84. V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 = 0.5V + 0.5V + 0.5V + 0.5V = 2.0V. For series connected
cells, the combined output current is the same as that produced by each cell,
then: I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 = Itotal.
97. Negative temperature coefficient of resistance of a semiconductor
An increase in the temperature of a semiconducting material results in an increase
in charge-carrier concentration.
This results, increasing the conductivity of the semiconductor.
The increasing conductivity causes the resistivity of the semiconductor material to
decrease with the rise in temperature, resulting in a negative temperature
coefficient of resistance.
98.
99.
100. A metalloid is an element with properties in between, or that are a mixture of,
those of metals and nonmetals, and which is therefore hard to classify as either a
metal or a nonmetal
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114. Power is the rate at which energy is
generated or consumed .
Hence is measured in units
(e.g. watts) that represent
energy per unit time.
For example, when a light bulb with a
power rating of 100W is turned on for
one hour, the energy used is
100 watt hours (W. h), 0.1 kilowatt
hour, or 360 kJ.
122. Grid-tie inverters: Devices used to change DC Power into AC Power. AC Power
is electricity we use in our houses.
Grid tie inverters are different from conventional inverters because they are
designed to ‘feed-into’ the existing electric supply
123. Grid-connected PV system: A photovoltaic system which feeds its excess
electrical current generated into the public power grid for later use is grid
connected.
124. Net Meter: This is the piece of equipment the utility installs for you in
conjunction with your solar installation.
Unlike traditional utility meters, a net meter counts up and down. It displays the
“net usage” – the difference between how much solar electricity you generated
at your property, and how much electricity you took from the utility grid.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129. Hybrid solar systems generate power in the same way as a common grid-tie solar
system but use batteries to store energy for later use. This ability to store energy
enables most hybrid systems to also operate as a backup power supply during a
blackout, similar to a UPS system.