The document discusses passive solar design and its various principles and techniques. It defines passive solar design as using elements like a building's orientation, windows, walls, roof and floors to collect, store and distribute solar energy for heating or cooling without active mechanical systems. It describes different passive solar heating and cooling techniques like direct gain, indirect gain, isolated gain, shading, ventilation, thermal mass, solar chimneys and wind towers. It also provides examples and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of passive solar design.

1. Under the supervision of
Dr. Jaiprakash Bhamu
Associate Professor,
DME
Presented by
Garima Sharma

2. Introduction to Passive Solar
System
 What is the meaning of this word “Passive” ?
 What is “Passive solar design”?

3. Passive solar systems rules of
thumb
 Construction on east-west axis.
 Time of receiving sun light during heating season.
 Spaces locate on the north.
 open floor plan.
 shading.

4. Basic Principles of Passive Solar
Design
 Passive solar design uses the elements of a building such as
orientation, windows, walls, roof and floors as well as the localized
environment to collect, store and distribute solar energy to heat a
home in winter, and block the sun’s heat in summer.
Generally, passive solar design makes use of the following elements:
 Orientation
 The local environment
 Insulation
 Energy efficient windows
 An absorber

5. Passive Solar Heating
 The goal of all passive solar heating systems is to capture the sun's
heat within the building's material and release that heat during
periods when the sun is not shining.
Primary elements of passive solar heating are :
 Thermal mass to absorb, store, and distribute heat.
 South-facing windows are designed to let the sun's heat in while
insulating against the cold.
 Open floor plans allow more sun inside.
There are 3 main methods of passive solar heating:
 Direct gain
 Indirect gain
 Isolated gain

6. Direct Gain
• Living space work as solar collector, heat
absorber and distribution system.
• South-facing windows.
• Use of thermal mass.
(www.azsolarcenter.org)

7. Indirect Gain
 Thermal mass place between sun and
space.
 Use of flat plat collectors.
(www.azsolarcenter.org)

8. Isolated Gain
 Sunspace
 Main functions of sunspaces
 Main considerations
 Siting
 Heat Distribution
 Glazing
(www.azsolarcenter.org)

9. Passive solar cooling
 Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of cooling a home
which maximizes the efficiency of the building envelope without
any use of mechanical devices.
The primary focus of passive cooling is:
 Slow heat transfer into the house.
 Remove unwanted heat from the building.
Various passive technologies that can be adopted in the various
climatic zones in India are as follow:
 Shading system
 Ventilation
 Solar chimney
 Thermal mass
 Wind towers
 Evaporative cooling system
2.6.1

10. Shading system
 The most effective method of cooling a building is to shade
windows, walls and roof of building from direct solar radiation.
 There are two types of shading system:
 External Shading
 Internal Shading

11. External shading
These method used in external shading:
 Eaves
 Awnings
 Screens and shutters
 Louvers
 Verandahs
 Pergolas
 Trees and shrubs

12. Different kinds of shading
Retractable Awnings
(Maleki,B.A.2011)

13. Different kinds of shading
(Maleki,B.A.2011)
Louvers
Shade From Pergola

14. Internal shading
•Internal shading can be provided
using curtains and blinds.
Internal shading can be a useful
device when:
• The sun penetrates for only a
short time heat build-up will not
be major problem.
• Windows can he sun be left open
adjacent to them.
• It is required to reduce glare.
(Maleki1, B.A.2011)

15. Passive solar ventilation
 Passive ventilation is when air is exchanged in a building through
openings in the building envelope using the stack and wind
pressures.
These are the passive cooling ventilation strategy:
 Cross-Ventilation
 Stack Ventilation

16. Cross-Ventilation
•cross-ventilation
strategies place air inlets
on the windward side and
air outlets on the leeward
side of the home.
(www.level.org.nz)

17. Stack Ventilation
• In stack ventilation cool air
is pulled throughout the home
while warmer air rises above
the cool air to exit through an
opening near the top of the
structure.
(www.level.org.nz)

18. Thermal Mass
 A material that has thermal mass is one that has the capacity to
absorb, store and release the sun’s heat energy.
 The best way to cool a building is to build with thick stone or
masonry.
 Thermal mass is measured in terms of ‘Volumetric heat capacity’.
 Thermal mass properties of some material are presented in table
below:
Material Conductivity W/m
K
Vol. heat capacity
kJ/m3K
Water 1.9 4186
Cast concrete 1.4 2300
Granite 2.1 2154
Brick 0.72 1360

19. Evaporation cooling
• Evaporative cooling lowers indoor air temperature by evaporating
water.
• In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is used to evaporate
water, thereby cooling the air, which, in turn, cools the living space
of the building.
Methods of evaporative cooling include:
• Roof pond systems
• Water spraying
(Guerra, A. 2010)

20. Solar chimney
 Improve the ventilation using
convection.
 Stack effect,
 Black-painted chimney, with a
partly glazed surface area towards
the top.
 During the day, solar energy heats
the chimney and the air within it,
creating an updraft of air in the
chimney.
(Pasomarthi)

21. Wind Towers
•In a wind tower, the hot air enters the tower through the openings in
the tower, gets cooled, and thus becomes heavier and sinks down.
(Bahadori, M.N.2006)

22. Advantage of Passive Solar Design
 Eliminate heating and cooling costs
 Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
 Clean process
 Eco-friendly
 Cost
 Attractive living environment
 Low maintenance
 Unwavering comfort

23. Disadvantage of Passive Solar
Design:-
 Great deal of work for the engineers to arrange this system.
 All systems are not same.
 Careful construction required
 Improperly designed not work well
 Sunshine not available all day
 Extra heat and the higher temperatures
 Thermal wall loses heat back to the out-of-doors through the glass

24. Case study of solar passive
hostel university of Jodhpur
Wind tower in Jodhpur Hostel to catch favorable cool
wind from south-west for passive cooling
•Glasses
•solid timber shutters
•wind tower
•air gap in the roof
•light colored stone
•South facing windows
Solar Passive Hostel University of Jodhpur
(Gupta,V.1992

25. References
 Kamal, M.A. (2012), “An Overview of Passive Cooling Techniques in
Buildings: Design Concepts and Architectural Interventions”, Acta
Technica Napocensis: Civil Engineering & Architecture, Vol. 55, No. 1,
pp. 84-97.
 Maleki, B.A (2011), “Shading: Passive Cooling And Energy
Conservation In Buildings”, International Journal on “Technical and
Physical Problems of Engineering”(IJTPE), Vol. 3, No. 4,pp, 72-79.
 Guerra, A. (2010), “The Roof-Pond or Roof Water A Solar System To
Gain Indirect”.
 Bahadori, M.N. (1978); “Passive Cooling System in Iranian
Architecture”, Scientific American, pp.144-154.
 Pasumarthi, N., and Sherif, S.A. (2008), “ Experimental And
Theoretical Performance Of A Demonstration Solar Chimney”.
 http://www.passivesolar.sustainablesources.com, cited on 12th Jan. 2014.
 http://www.azsolarcenter.org, cited on 16th Jan. 2014.
 Gupta, V.(1992),“ Solar Passive Hostel University of Jodhpur”,
ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN May-June 1992,pp. 34-35.

26. Thank You
Questions are Welcome