how we produce power throug sunlight.

1. SUMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Partiksha katiyar Arvind Dautaniya
Asst. Professor Roll No.-EC110007
Department of Electronics Engg. B.TECH. 4TH YEAR
PRATAP UNIVERSITY

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER
3. PARABOLIC TROUGH
4. SOLAR POWER TOWER
5. STIRLING DISH
6. PHOTOVOLTAICS
7. PV SYSTEM
8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
9. STORAGE METHODS
10. WHY INDIA NEED CSP

3. • Solar power is the conversion of sunlight
into electricity, either directly using
photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using
concentrated solar power (CSP).
• Concentrated solar power systems use
lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to
focus a large area of sunlight into a small
beam.
• Photovoltaics convert light into electric
current using the photoelectric effect.

4.  Concentrating Solar Power systems use lenses or mirrors
and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into
a small beam.
 The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a
conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating
technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic
trough , the concentrating linear Fresnel reflector, the
Stirling dish and the solar power tower.
 Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus
light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by
the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power
generation or energy storage. Thermal storage efficiently
allows up to 24 hour electricity generation.

5.  A parabolic trough consists of a linear parabolic reflector that
concentrates light onto a receiver positioned along the reflector's
focal line. The receiver is a tube positioned right above the middle
of the parabolic mirror and is filled with a working fluid.
 The reflector is made to follow the Sun during the daylight hours
by tracking along a single axis. Parabolic trough systems provide
the best land-use factor of any solar technology.

6.  A solar power tower uses an array of tracking reflectors
(heliostats) to concentrate light on a central receiver atop a
tower . These are more cost effective, offer higher efficiency and
better energy storage capability among CSP technologies.

7. • The Stirling concentrating dish solar dish combines a
parabolic with a Stirling engine which normally drives
an electric generator.
• The advantages of Stirling solar over pv cells are higher
efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity &
longer lifetime. Parabolic dish systems give the highest
efficiency among CSP technologies. The 50 kW Big Dish
in Canberra, Australia is an example of this technology.

8. Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel
8
Collector
• Temp~400°C
• Line Focusing
• Linear Receiver tube
• Water consuming
• Conc.: Parabolic Mirrors
• Heat Storage feasible
• Most Commercialized
• Good for Hybrid option
• Requires flat land
• Good receiver η but low turbine η

9. Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel
9 5/16/2011
Collector
• Temp~600-800°C
• Point Focusing
• Flat Conc. Mirrors
• Commercially proven
• Central Receiver
• Water consuming
• Heat Storage capability
• Feasible on Non Flat sites
• Good performance for large
capacity & temperatures
• Low receiver η but good turbine η

10. Commercial CSP
• Temp~700-800°C
• Point Focusing
• Uses Dish concentrator
• Stirling Engine
• Generally 25 kW units
• High Efficiency ~ 30%
• Dry cooling
• No water requirement
• Heat storage difficult
• Commercially under development
• Dual Axis Tracking
Parabolic
Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel
10
Collector

11. swapnil.energy9@gmail.com 11
• Temp~400°C
• Line Focusing type
• Linear receiver
• Fixed absorber row
shared among mirrors
• Flat or curved conc.
mirrors
• Commercially under
development
• Less Structures
• 5 MW operational in CA
Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel
Collector

12.  A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell (PV), is a device that converts
light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
 Solar cells produce direct current (DC) power which fluctuates
with the sunlight's
 . For practical use this usually requires conversion to certain
desired voltages or alternating current (AC), through the use
of inverters.
12

13.  Multiple solar cells are connected inside modules. Modules are
wired together to form arrays, then tied to an inverter, which
produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the desired
frequency/phase
 Many residential systems are connected to the grid wherever
available, especially in developed countries with large markets.
 In these grid-connected PV systems, use of energy storage is
optional. In certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or
in developing countries, batteries or additional power generators
are often added as back-ups. Such stand-alone power systems
permit operations at night and at other times of limited sunlight.

14. PV modules
for domestic
purposes
PV
Array

16. I. There are seven types of lights in the
sunlight :- VIBGYOR
• Violet
• Indigo
• Blue
• Green
• Yellow
• Orange
• Red
 The solar panel works best in the red light
whereas it works the poorest in violet light
and medium in the green light.

17.  Solar energy is a completely renewable resource.
 Solar cells make absolutely no noise at all.
 Solar energy creates absolutely no pollution.
 Very little maintenance is required to keep solar cells
running.
 Solar panels and solar lighting may seem quite
expensive when you first purchase it, but in the long
run you will find yourself saving quite a great deal of
money
 Solar powered panels and products are typically
extremely easy to install.
 As our oil reserves decline, it is important for us to
turn to alternative sources for energy.

18.  Solar energy is not available
at night. Storing energy is an
important issue in order to get
continuous supply of power.
 Solar energy can be stored at
high temperatures using
molten salts. Salts are an
effective storage medium as
the cost low having specific
heat capacity.
 Off grid systems use
recharges batteries to store
excess electricity that can be
sent to transmission grid.

19.  resemble traditional power plants
 generation based on steam and is large scale
 use standard equipment for power generation
 can be built in small sizes and added to as needed
 can achieve high steam operating temperatures,
allowing more efficient power generation
 capable of combined heat and power generation
 steam for absorption chillers, industrial process heat,
desalination
 Non-carbon emitting power generation
 incorporates storage
 storage not major part of generation cost
 size of steam power plant that lacks storage does not have to
be increased when storage added
 added storage cost effective if energy sold at peak hours
 allows generation to match utility load profile
 can be hybridized with intermittent renewables 19

20.  high upfront capital costs for concentrators and storage
 require unscattered “direct normal” solar radiation, thus
limiting where CSP plants can be located
 desert areas are best (but also arid)
 require cooling, as with any steam power plant, creating a
requirement for water or air cooling
 water limitations may necessitate air cooling in many locations,
with penalty in capital cost, generating efficiency and energy
cost
 require large surface areas for placement of concentrators
20

21. 1.Concentrated solar
power
2.Photovoltaic
3.Solar vehicles
4.Solar heater
5.Solar cooker
6.Passive solar energy
7.Satellites and
spacecrafts
8.Small appliances like
calculator
9.Remote Sensing
10.Emergency
Roadside Telephones

22.  Why India Needs CSP
 Indian Energy scenario
 Global trends
 Climate Change Action Plan

23. 29th July 2009
ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable
Energy Conference, New Delhi
29%
10%
2,944 MW
1,141 MW
71%
7,231 MW
Other RE
Wind
Total installed capacity as on
31.3.2009 is 148265.4
23%
78
% 90%
9,755 10,897 MW
Hydro
RES
34%
Nuclear
3%
Gas
10%
Diesel
1%
Coal
52%
RES Gas Nuclear Diesel Coal
39,222 MW

24.  Coal
 Major energy source.
 Biomass
 Primary source of cooking energy in > 80%
rural households.
 Electricity
 All India average shortage ~ 11.6 %
 Peak Load supply shortage ~ 15 %
 Base Load supply shortage ~ 9 %
 Energy security concern
 Around 75 % of the petroleum supply is
imported
 Even coal is being imported

25. Poor electrification status
 78 million households (44%) in the country do not
have access to electricity
 1,25,000 villages are un-electrified
 Electricity supply situation is generally poor in even
electrified villages

26. 1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031
Installed Capacity (MW)
7% GDP growth
8% GDP growth
Source: Planning Commission, 2005

27. Percentage distribution of primary commercial energy supply-
2031
100
80
60
40
20
0
Reference Evolution Resolution Ambition
Scenarios
%
Coal Natural Gas Oil Hydro Nuclear Renewables

28.  Proposed targets
 20 GW by 2020
 100 GW by 2030 or 10-12% of total power generation
capacity estimated for that year
 4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing capability by
2017

29. Source: REN21, 2009
Billion Dollars
Investments in
solar PV 32%
(US$38.4 billion)

30. Solar radiation map of India
If one percent of the
land is used to
harness solar energy
for electricity
generation at an
overall efficiency of
10%; 492 x 106
MU/year electricity
can be generated

31.  More than 10 different technology
combinations
 More than 400MW installed capacity
 More than 8GW installed capacity projects
announced

32. Thank you