There are two main types of yarns: staple fiber yarn and filament yarn. Staple fiber yarn is made from short fibers and includes open end yarn and ring spun yarn. Filament yarn is made from continuous filaments and includes single filament and multifilament yarns. Rotor spinning and ring spinning are two processes for making yarn. Rotor spinning uses air and centrifugal force to twist fibers into yarn on a spinning rotor at high speeds. Ring spinning draws out roving, inserts twist, and winds yarn onto a bobbin simultaneously. Filament formation produces filament yarn by extruding liquid through spinneret holes and drying, twisting,

2. Types of yarns
Staple fiber yarn Filament yarn
0 Short staple
Spinning
0 Open end yarn,
0 Ring spun yarn.
0 Long Staple
Spinning
0 Woolen and
Worsted yarns
0 Single filament
0 Multifilament

3. Yarn types

4. Yarns are classed based on fiber
length and method of processing

5. Principle of Rotor Spinning
0 Sliver is fed into the machine and
combed and individualized by the
opening roller.
0 The fibers are then deposited into
the rotor where air current and
centrifugal force deposits them
along the groove of the rotor where
they are evenly distributed.
0 The fibers are twisted together by
the spinning action of the rotor, and
the yarn is continuously drawn from
the centre of the rotor.
0 The resultant yarn is wound onto
packages.

6. Advantages of Rotor Spinning
0 The production rates of rotor spinning is 5-7 times higher
than that of ring spinning and as the machines are fed
directly by sliver and yarn is wound onto packages ready
for use in fabric formation the yarn is a lot cheaper to
produce.
0 Rotor spun yarns are more even, somewhat weaker and
has a harsher feel than ring spun yarns.
0 Rotor yarns are used in numerous products such as denim,
towels, blankets socks, t-shirts, shirts and pants.

7. Principle of Rotor Spinning

8. Ring Spinning
0 Ring spinning is the process of further
drawing out roving to the final count
needed, inserting twist to the fibers by
means of a rotating spindle and
winding the yarn on a bobbin.
0 These three stages take place
simultaneously and continuously.
0 Ring spinning is a comparatively
expensive process because of its
slower production speeds and the
additional processes required for
producing ring spun yarns.

9. Ring Spinning

10. Filament formation
0 A spinning process produces the
fiber by passing the thick liquid
through a spinneret.
0 A spinneret is a device with
hundreds of holes of a specified
diameter.
0 The liquid is forced through the
spinneret holes and comes out a
string liquid filament.
0 The hole in the spinneret
determines the diameter of the
filament, which is set by the
application.

11. Filament formation
0 The extrusion is dried to a
continuous filament fiber.
0 A twisting process twists the
filament fiber into a yarn.
0 The filament falls vertically
from the spinneret and is
caught in a large vacuum
nozzle.
0 The vacuum force keeps
tension on the line as it is
wound around a bobbin.

12. References
0 http://www.thecottoncompany.com/news/yarn_form
ation.html
0 http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/materials_ch
emicals_adhesives/composites_textiles_reinforcement
s/synthetic_fibers_fabrics_polymer_textiles
0 http://textechdip.wordpress.com/contents/yarn-
spinning/