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Different Spinning Techniques

The document outlines various yarn manufacturing techniques within the textile engineering field, focusing on spinning methods such as ring, open-end, twist-less, self-twist, and core spinning. It details the machinery, processes, product specifications, and advantages of each method, highlighting their applications in producing different types of yarns. The document also includes specific examples of machinery and associated costs from various manufacturers.

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Course no – te 3101 course title– yarn manufacturing engineering-| department of Textile engineering Khulna universityof engineering and technology
Muhi Uddin Ahmed ID - 1221055 Rajib Kabiraj ID - 1221059 Md. Enamul Haque ID - 1221006 Akash Sarker ID - 1221004 Presented by- NAJMUL HOSSAIN RIMON ID - 1221058 Bijay Kumar ID - 1221049
Content of the presentation-
Spinning Techniques Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. There are various types of spinning techniques for producing various types of yarn.
Different Spinning Techniques Here are various spinning techniques –  Ring and traveller spinning  Open end spinning  Self-twist spinning  Twist-less spinning  Core spinning
Different Spinning Techniques This is a system for yarn formation involving either continuous felting or the permanent or temporary adhesive bonding of fibers together to form a continuous length. TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES
TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES  In twistless systems liquid or powdered polymer adhesives are applied to sliver  The adhesive activated by heating or steam to cause the individual fibers to adhere to one another  In some systems, after textile substrate formation from the twistless yarns the adhesive is removed to improve the aesthetics of the resulting textile  Adhesives used include polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol. and starch CHARACTERISTICS
TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES Fig:TwistlessspinningTechniques (Twilo) MACHINERY USED AND ARRANGEMENTS
TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES  During spinning (figure) the prepared sliver is first wetted out by passing it through a water bath after which it is drafted using a conventional high draft three roller system.  A false twister immediately after the front roller keeps the fibres together as they pass through the drying unit, after which the yarn is packaged. MACHINERY USED AND ARRANGEMENTS
TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES  The product speciality of this technique is that finer yarns can be spun from coarser fibres, as coarser fibres are generally less expensive.  In this process, cotton and pure synthetic fibres can be processed, and so can blends.  The range of fibre linear density lies between 1.4 and 6 dtex, with staple lengths in the range 30-80 mm PRODUCT SPECIALITY
TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES  The yam is not round but flat and therefore gives an end product with high covering power  The yam is stiff with low elongation  The evenness corresponds to that of ring-spun yam  The wet-ability of twist-less yarn fabrics are comparatively high than normal fabrics  The twist-less yarn is very bulky than a normal twisted yarn PROPERTY OF PRODUCTS
TWISTLESS SPINNING TECHNIQUES  In this method, which is used on machinery made by Signaalapparaten, of Holland.  The Suppliers of this machinery is “the Vezelinstitut TNO” Holland. MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
OPEN END SPINNING Definition: Open-end spinning or break spinning is a process in which fibrous material is highly drafted, ideally to the individual fiber state, creating a break in the continuum of the fiber mass. The individual fibers are subsequently collected onto the open end of a yarn that is rotated to twist the fibers into the yarn structure to form a continuous yarn length. The length of yarn spun is then wound to form a package. Thus, the twisting action occurs simultaneously but separately from winding. Techniques : A number of spinning techniques exploit the OE method,18but only two have achieved commercial success: rotor spinning and friction spinning. Of the two, rotor spinning is the more widely used commercially, because a wider range of yarn counts can be spun with suitable yarn properties Twist : Z + wrapped for both techniques. Trade name : Rotor spinning = various, Friction spinning = Dref 2
OPEN END SPINNING ROTOR SPINNING: 1. The feed roller and feed plate 2. A saw-tooth or pin covered roller called an opening roller 3. A tapered tube termed the fiber transport channel 4. A shallow cup, called a rotor (A groove is cut into the circumference at the maximum internal radius of the rotor and is referred to as the rotor groove.) 5. A flanged tube facing the rotor base and coaxial to the rotor, termed the doffing tube FRICTION SPINNING: 1. Card Drum 2. Inlet System 3. Air Current 4. Spinning Drum 5. Parallelizer 6. Outlet Roller 7. Winding Device Machinery used and Arrangements
OPEN END SPINNING ROTOR SPUN YARN:  High delivery speeds;  Low yarn production costs (lower than those of ring spinning);  Elimination of rewinding;  Low end breakage rates;  Yarn character similar to that of ring-spun yarn;  No wrapping fibers  Optically good mass evenness (well suited to knitted goods);  Smooth yarn appearance. FRICTION SPUN YARN :  DREF yarns have bulky appearance. (100-140% bulkier than the ring spun yarns).  Rayon and Kevlar can be spun using this method  A high % age of core have a high stiffness.  The twist is not uniform and found with loopy yarn surface.  Only 60% of the tenacity of ring-spun yarns and about 90% of rotor spun-yarns.  Provides a good platform for production of core spun yarns due to its spinning principle.  Outstanding abrasion resistance,  Consistence performance in sewing operation, Product Speciality
OPEN END SPINNING ROTOR SPUN YARN : Rotor yarn is coarser than carded or combed yarn.  The count of rotor yarn is very low. (Most of rotor yarn count is below 20’s but highest yarn count may be 40’s .)  Coarser fabric is formed by rotor yarn.  Most of the jeans or pant is made by rotor yarn.  Denim is fully depends on rotor yarn.  The price of rotor yarn fabric is very low than combed and carded yarn fabric.  Lower Breaking strength.  Higher Elongation at break  Better Mass irregularity ( over short lengths)  Lower imperfection index  Abrasion resistance higher  Stiffness higher Hand feel harder FRICTION SPUN YARN: Low tensile strength Good uniformity.  High production rates. technical core wrapped yarns. can be spun from asbestos, carbon fibers.  Usually weak as compared to other yarns.  Better cohesion between the core and Sheath and within the sheath.  Low manufacturing cost.  Possibility for automation. Ideal wash and wear performance and permane nt.  Excellent resistance to perspiration Adequate elasticity for the stretch requirements. Property of Product
OPEN END SPINNING Cotton rotor spinning machine open end Brand Name : Runxin Manufacturer: Shandong, China (Mainland) Suppliers :Wangtai,Jiaonan,Qingdao,China Yarn counts :0-24 pcs Prize : US $130,000 - 170,000 / Set Rotor Spinning Production Line TJ-008A ( Spinning Machine ) Brand Name : TONGJIA Manufacturer: Shandong, China (Mainland) Suppliers :Wangtai,Jiaonan,Qingdao,China Yarn counts :0-24 pcs Prize : : US $200,000 - 320,000 / Set Prize of the set up and the products with Manufacturers & Suppliers
OPEN END SPINNING Friction Spinning Machine for mop yarn Brand Name : Runxin Manufacturer: Shandong, China (Mainland) Suppliers :Wangtai,Jiaonan,Qingdao,China Production Capacity:95%-100% Prize : :US $60,000 - 70,000 / Set Prize of the set up and the products with Manufacturers & Suppliers
OPEN END SPINNING Green cotton open end rotor yarn Brand Name: Lilong Prize : US $0.7 - 2 / Kilogram Type : Cotton Blended Yarn Feature: Eco-Friendly, Recycled Count : 5s-32s Evenness: 1.2% Manufacturer: Xinjiang, China (Mainland Suppliers: Xinjiang, China (Mainland NE16/1 cotton rotor spinning yarn Brand Name: MingWei Prize : US $0.7 - 2 / Kilogram Type : 100% Cotton Feature: Eco-Friendly, Anti-Pilling Count :16/1 Evenness : 1.2% Manufacturer: Xinjiang, China (Mainland Suppliers: Xinjiang, China (Mainland Prize of the set up and the products with Manufacturers & Suppliers
OPEN END SPINNING Prize of the set up and the products with Manufacturers & Suppliers Recycled friction spun mop yarn cotton mop yarn for mop from china Brand Name: Lilong Prize :US $1,170 - 1,200 / Ton Type :Polyester Blended Yarn Feature: Eco-Friendly, Moisture Absorbent,recycled, Count : 1.2s-0.8ss Evenness : good Manufacturer: Xinjiang, China (Mainland Suppliers: Xinjiang, China (Mainland Friction spun yarn for making mop Brand Name: chengyu Prize :US $0.95 - 1.56 / Kilogram Type : Cotton Blended Yarn Feature:Anti-Bacteria, Anti-Static, Eco- Friendly, Count :0.5 ne to 30 ne Evenness: 1.2% Manufacturer: Xinjiang, China (Mainland Suppliers: Xinjiang, China (Mainland
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Definition: A process of spinning in which the yarn is twisted while passing through a small metal device traveling rapidly around a ring in the operation of winding the into bobbin. History of Ring spinning Machine : The ring spinning machine was first invented in 1828 by the American Thorp. In 1830, another American scientist, Jenk, contributed the traveler rotating on the ring. There have been many development has done in ring spinning machine for the last years but the basic concept remained unchanged.
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Operations involved in Ring frame: Creeling Drafting Twisting Winding Doffing MECHANISM
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Various components of Ring Frame • Thread guide: It is a yarn guide made by bending a wire named snail wire. Functions: Its main function is to guide the yarn thus maintain the security of the yarn. • It prevents yarn collision with adjacent yarns. • It surface should be smooth to prevent rubbing of yarn. Rubbing creates yarn hairiness. Spindle: The spindle is the main part of a ring frame which helps in twisting, winding .
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Functions of spindle:  Twisting and winding is performed by spindle.  It holds the bobbin.  The capacity of ring frame is mainly determine by the number of spindle Ring: The ring are made of low carbon steel i.e. soft steel or ceramic. Function: There are some important functions of ring. These are given below:- Ring guides the circular run of the traveler. It also helps in twisting by means of running of the traveler. It also acts as a track of traveler.
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Classification of ring: A) According to origin or element:- i. Metallic ring, ii. Ceramic ring B) According to number of flange:- i. Single flange ring, ii. Double flange ring Flange: The path of traveler on the ring is called flange. It may be single or double Traveler: Traveler is the most tinny and simple mechanical element in ring frame which carries the most important function like simultaneous twisting, winding, thread guide etc. Function of traveller: Traveler does some important in ring frame. These are mentioned below:- Twisting on the drafted strand of fibre. Winding of the yarn on the bobbin.
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES • Maintain winding tension of the yarn by the frictional resistance between the ring and the traveler. It acts as a guide for yarn on the way to be wound on the bobbin. • Types of traveller: Travelers can be classified into following two ways:- A) According to shape:- C – traveller Elliptical traveller • B) According to the X-section of wire: Round traveller Flat traveller Semi-circular traveller
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES • Apron: Rubber Apron is made of synthetic rubber material, with excellent wear-resistance/oil- resistance/ageing-resistance and smooth surface. In addition, it is of good stability, flexibility & wide application. It is used in drafting system of ring frame and some other modern drafting system in spinning machine. It contains cradle for guiding its direction of length • Rubber cot: It is one type of synthetic rubber material which is used in top rollers of ring frame drafting system. The rubber cots also used on drawing frames, combing machines & spinning frames. Its hardness can be varied. The hardness of rubber cots is expressed by degree. Generally harder cots are used in the back rollers and softer rollers are used in front rollers. Production Quality: Twist type: S or Z Count Range(Tex): 300-5 Production speed(m/min): 35-45
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Major manufacturer of Ring frame: Lakshmi Machinery Works Limited, India Price: Toyoda Textile Machinery , Japan Price: $20000-40000 Rieter Machine Works Limited, Switzerland Price: $25000-45000 Suessen Gmbh, Germany Price: $35000-40000 China Textile Machinery Group co. Limited, china Price: $17000-35000
Ring Spinning TECHNIQUES Advantage of Ring Spinning System: Any type of material (fibre) can be spun • Wide range of count can be processed • It delivers a yarn with optimum characteristics. • Idealized twisting system • It is uncomplicated and easy to operate • Higher yarn strength can be achieved Disadvantages of Ring Spinning System: Low production • Machine generates more heat Limitations: In ring spinning machine twisting and winding are done simultaneously. That’s why the power consumption is higher.
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES  Self-twist spinning is the process that involves inserting alternating S and Z twist in the fibre strands that come from the drafting system. This is done by passing the slivers between the draft rollers which rotate along the axes as they rotate to deliver the threads.  The self-twist spinning method provides a concept whereby two strands can be twisted and plied in a single-stage process to give a torque-balanced two-fold yarn suitable for knitting. The method is based on the false-twist principle.
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES o A pairs of roving are fed onto the drafting rollers in such a way that the last set reciprocates axially. o The roving slivers are drawn out on succession of these drafting rollers. The action of the drafting rollers causes a rolling action of the strands as they emerge. o The side ways movement of the roller causes the stands to wrap around each other. o After the rollers complete their side ways motion in one direction, the movement is then shifted in the opposite direction. o The resultant yarn therefore has alternating sections of right and left hand twist. Machinery used :
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES o The machine itself is a small high productive unit. lt has four spinning heads and a delivery Speed of 220 m/min. Although some Versions were developed to run at higher Speeds o The machine is simple to operate and maintain. A 2 kW motor is required to drive the machine (including compressed air). o The machine can be installed and will be running in about 8 hours. Machinery used :
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES o Often two yarns are twisted together, termed doubling or plying, in order to improve yarn properties, in particular yarn evenness, or to overcome downstream processing difficulties, for example in weaving worsted fabric where the warp yarns are not sized and therefore a low yarn hairiness and high abrasion resistance are important. Because of the cost issue of an additional processing stage (i.e. doubling) various techniques have been developed which simulate a two-fold yarn using the ring spinning method.
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES  Each of the yarn strand contains twist.  Twist in a self-twist yarn is described in turns per l/2 cycle, that is the number of turns in each section of S and Z twist.  The twist level will also increase as the yarn becomes finer.  Originally Self-Twist yarns were used in the weavrng trade and were subjected to a further twisting Operation after the self twist machine.  When used in knitting applications the unidirectional twist in these yarns prevented them from producing satisfactory fabrics or garments. property of products
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES  The key to the System is that, before the false twist escape, the two sfrands are brought together to lie parallel. When the false twist escapes, the rotation of the two yarn,s Causes them to wrap around each other, preventing the false twist from dissipating and so forming a balanced two-fold structure of alternating S and Z two-fold twist. Products speciality
Self-twist spinning TECHNIQUES Energy cost Self-Twist £ 2270 ;Conventional £4819 Cost for the set up and products
Core Spinning Techniques Core spinning is a special type of spinning where fiber is wrapped around a filament. The filament acts as the core and fiber acts as sheath. There are many types of core spinning techniques, Few are: • Ring core spinning • Rotor core spinning • Composite electrostatic core spinning Energy cost Self-Twist £ 2270 ;Conventional £4819 Core Spinning
Core Spinning Techniques Energy cost Self-Twist £ 2270 ;Conventional £4819 In rotor core spinning the basic spinning technique is rotor spinning, where core spinning attachments are added. ROTOR CORE SPINNINGRing core spinning In ring core spinning the basic spinning technique is ring spinning, where core spinning attachments are added.
Core Spinning Techniques Energy cost Self-Twist £ 2270 ;Conventional £4819 • Core spinning technique unveiled path for new products including high performance textiles, sewing thread in garment manufacturing. • Exceptional streangth • Outstanding abrasion resistance • Elasticity in stretch requirements • Excellent resistance in perspiration ADVANTAGES OF CORE SPUN YARN Properties of Core spun yarn Most important thing about core spun yarn is that it shows property from both its core and sheath. For example: Cotton does not have good elasticity but when core spun with spandex, it has a very good elastic from spandex as well as absorbency form cotton. .
Core Spinning Techniques Manufacturer, Supplier, Prize Manufacturer & Supplier: G-Tex Habei, China. $1.4-2.1 per kilogram Sunheri Texcraft PVT. LTD. India. $1-1.5 per kilogram Jawala Poly Thread India $1.2-1.8 per kilogram Ilshin Spinning Co. Limited South Korea Guangzhou Renhui Trading & Developing Co. Limited China Chonbang Company South korea Apollo Textile Mills Limited Pakistan
1.Tackling spindle under windings Reiter SERVOgrip 2.Rieter Individual Spindle Monitoring (ISM) Development of ring spinning techniques
3.Rieter G36 ring spinning machine  Economy  Quality  Flexibility Consist of- 1. Circular superconductor and 2. A durable magnet ring 4.Innovative twisting system based on superconducting technology Development of ring spinning techniques
1.AUTOCRO 8 automatic rotor spinning machine ♣ designed for rotor motor speeds of 200,000 rpm ♣ up to 25% more productive ♣ digital yarn splicing technology ♣ The most flexible rotor spinning machine in the world ♣ Maximum economic efficiency Fig: AUTOCRO 8 automatic rotor spinning machine Development of rotor spinning techniques
2. Rieter R 40 rotor spinning machine Development of rotor spinning techniques Optimal combination of leading technology and modern machine concept Superior yarn quality with the most advanced spinning box technology Best spinning stability for highest production speed Four robots option to increase efficiency with coarse yarn counts Highest speed and efficiency with state-of-the-art robotic automation Low production cost with efficient energy saving Fig: Rieter R 40 rotor spinning machine
Development of core spinning techniques
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