There are two main types of production systems: continuous and intermittent. Continuous systems produce standardized outputs in large volumes and have dedicated machinery. They require unskilled labor and mechanized material handling. Intermittent systems produce a variety of outputs in smaller batches and require changing machine setups. They employ skilled labor and less mechanized material handling. Continuous systems include flow and mass production, while intermittent systems are batch, job order, and project based production.

1. TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
PRESENTAION BY-
DEEP SHREE

2. PRODUCTION
A production process consists of
activities that are required in
transforming an input set (human
resources, raw materials, energy,
money,information, etc.) to valuable
outputs with the help of processors.

3. Production system
 A production system converts inputs into
outputs with the help of processors
 A generalised production system can be
represented as:-
 INPUT PROCESSOR OUTPUT
(goods/services)

4. Types of production
systems
 Classification on the basis of output
Three bases considered-
1. Variety
2. Uniformity
3. Volume per output type
o Two types -
a)continuous
b)intermittent

5. LOW HIGH
VARIETY
CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT
FLOW MASS BATCH JOB PROJECTS
PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUC- ORDER
TION
HIGH LOW
UNIFORMITY
HIGH LOW
VPOT

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTINUOUS AND
INTERMITTENT SYSTEMS
 ON THE BASIS OF MACHINERY
CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT
1.SPECIFIC MACHINERY 1.GENERALISED MACHINERY
2.PERMANENT MACHINE 2.FREQUENT CHANGES IN
SETUP MACHINE SETUP
3.DUPLICATION OF 3.LESS MACHINES
MACHINES REQUIRED

7.  ON THE BASIS OF MATERIAL
HANDLING AND LABOUR USE
CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT
1.UNSKILLED AS WELL AS 1.HIGHLY SKILLED LABOUR
SMALL TEAM OF FORCE
SPECIALISED LABOUR
FORCE
2.MECHANIZED MATERIAL 2.NOT FEASIBLE TO
HANDLING EMPLOY MECHANIZED
HANDLING
3.MATERIAL HANDLING 3.MATERIAL HANDLING
COST IS LESS COST IS HIGHER
4.INVESTMENT IN 4.NEED FOR INVENTORY IS
INVENTORY IS HIGHER MINIMISED

8.  ON THE BASIS OF OUTPUT
PRODUCED-
CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT
1.FEW STANDARD PRODUCTS 1.WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS
IN LARGE QUANTITIES IN SMALL QUANTITIES
2.OUTPUT ON THE BASIS OF 2.OUTPUT ACCORDING TO
ANTICIPATION OF DEMAND ORDER RECEIVED

9.  DIFFERENCES ON THE BASIS OF
MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL
EMPLOYED
CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT
1.ABSENCE OF MAINTENNCE 1.NO DANGER OF STOPPAGE
MAY INTERRUPT WHOLE OF WHOLE LINE
PROCESS
2.CONTROLLING IS SIMPLER 2.CONTROLLING IS COMPLEX

10. TYPES OF CONTINUOUS
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
1.FLOW TYPE
 Output cannot be segregated into different
units
 High degree of uniformity
 Output cannot be measured directly
 Example-power plant

11. 2.MASS PRODUCTION
 Straight line flow of materials
 Output of one stge normally becomes
input for another
 Output visible in form of identical units
 Standardised output produced in large
quantities
 PROBLEMS
1. Balancing of production lines
2. Machine maintenance
3. Raw materials supply
 Example – sugar production

12. Types of intermittent
production systems
1.BATCH PRODUCTION SYSTEM-
 Variety of products are made in small quantities
 Various products compete for share of machines
 Outputs are aggregated in form of batches
 Batches may comprise of similar or dissimilar
outputs
 PROBLEMS
1. Machine-job allocation problem
2. Determination of economic batch quantity
3. Scheduling and sequencing of operations
 Example – electrical goods

13. 2.JOB-ORDER PRODUCTION SYSTEM
 Does not has its own standard product
but accepts whatever customer orders
come in
 Output identifiable in terms of specific
job order
 Material flow is very complex
 PROBLEMS
1. Determination of the sequence of
processing
 Example – tailor shop

14. 3.PROJECT PRODUCTION SYSTEM
 Project is a temporary endeavour
having a defined beginning and end
;undertaken to meet unique goals and
objectives
 Project is non repetitive
 This type of production system uses
resources on different projects
 Product remains fixed and manpower
and facilities put work on it
 PERT/CPM can be used for planning
and control in this case

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