The document discusses various trends in open and online education, emphasizing the influence of globalization and technological changes on educational policies, pedagogy, and organizational structures. It highlights the significance of open educational resources (OER) and massive open online courses (MOOCs) as essential tools for enhanced learning experiences and emphasizes the need for lifelong learning in a rapidly changing world. The findings suggest that openness in education can improve efficiency and quality while posing challenges for existing institutions to adapt effectively.

1. Trends in open and online education:
is it just MOOCs?
Robert Schuwer

2. A detour

3. About me
• Robert Schuwer
• MSc Mathematics; MSc Computer Science
• PhD Knowledge Base Systems (1993)
• Professor Open Educational Resources @ Fontys
University of Applied Sciences (since 2014)
• Formerly @ Open University Netherlands
• Since 2006 Open Educational Resources (OER) and
other forms of open education
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4. Is this the future?

5. Agenda
• Trends in (online) education
• Trends in open education

6. CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
Trends in (online)
education

8. The big picture
Global trends
Education
Technology
trends
Affects/
challenges
Affects/
challenges
influences
Trends

9. Global trends
• Globalisation
• Future of nation state
• Rise of the megacity
• Family matters
• Brave new world (technology influences)
Source: Trends shaping education 2016 (OECD): http://www.oecd.org/edu/trends-shaping-education-22187049.htm

10. Globalisation

11. Future of the nation state

12. Are cities the new countries?

13. Family matters

14. Technology trends
• Several sources
– NMC Horizon
– Ixperium
– Gartner
– Forbes
– OECD

15. Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/gartnergroup/2016/01/15/top-10-technology-trends-for-2016/#2f2c478b5ae9. All rights reserved

16. Trends in education
• Categories of trends
– Policy
– Organisation
– Pedagogy
• Affected by
– Global trends
– Technological trends (enablers)

17. Affected by global trends
• Importance of 21st century skills
– Creativity, critical thinking,...
• New topics in curriculum
– Climate change, civic literacy & responsibility, cyber literate
• Internationalisation (global classroom)
• Demand for flexible and mobile learning
• Importance of non-formal learning
• Importance of lifelong learning for ageing workforce
• Early access to education, for all

18. Affected by technological trends
• More diversity in pedagogy
• Personal(ized) education

19. Innovating pedagogies
Source: Innovating pedagogy 2015: http://proxima.iet.open.ac.uk/public/innovating_pedagogy_2015.pdf

20. Personalized vs personal learning (Downes)
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/personal-learning-in-the-workplace

21. CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
Trends in Open
Education

22. Open education: the 5COE model
Open
Education
Educational resources
Teaching effortsServices
Learner
needs
Employability &
Capabilities Development
Supply
Demand
Source: Mulder, F. & Janssen, B. (2013). Opening up education. In: Trendreport OER 2013, pp. 36-42
https://www.surf.nl/binaries/content/assets/surf/en/knowledgebase/2013/Trend+Report+OER+2013_EN_DEF+07032013+%28LR%29.pdf

23. Openness and open education
Open
Education
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
•Freely available
•Open for adaptation:
•Retain
•Reuse
•Revise
•Remix
•Redistribute
•Open in place
•Open in time
•Open in pace
•Open in program
•Open admission
Not for free per se!

24. Open Educational Resources/Open Courseware
OER/OCW
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
•Freely available
•Open for adaptation:
•Retain
•Reuse
•Revise
•Remix
•Redistribute
•Open in place
•Open in time
•Open in pace
•Open in program
•Open admission

25. MOOC
MOOC
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
•Freely available
•Open for adaptation:
•Retain
•Reuse
•Revise
•Remix
•Redistribute
•Open in place
•Open in time
•Open in pace
•Open in program
•Open admission
•Forum
•Feedback
•Exam
•Certificate
•Teacher
•Tutor
Pressure on free availability

26. Openness as a means to raise quality
activating education
international orientation
> Profiled and
differentiated supply
> Quality
> Study culture,
quality education
> Effective
education
> flexibility in HE
voor parttime learners
> Quality teacher
> Learning paths
Improve
connection
> Attention for excellence,
> diverse supply
OER/MOOC for
information/selection
(own/others)
Alternatives like
flipped classroom
with OER/MOOC
Use cMOOC’s Use OER/
MOOC from others
OER/MOOC increases
visibility
> Blended learning
with OER/MOOC
A B
Legend: A contributes to B
Taking MOOC’s for
professionalization
User data
MOOC’s as source for
Learning Analytics

27. Openness as a means to increase efficiency
> Efficiency
> Study efficiency < costs
> Informed
selection > Options in
offerings to learner
> Efficient
educational process > Learners
< costs/
learner
Use OER/MOOC from others
as additional sources for
learners
Alternatives like
flipped classroom
with OER/MOOC
OER/MOOC
for marketing
A B
Legend: A contributes to B
OER/MOOC for
information/selection
(own/others)
> Efficient
Production process
Reuse OER/MOOC instead
of development from scratch

28. Current research
• Analysis of 4 major
(open) educational
conferences 2014-2015
• 218 papers
• Lessons learned
Category #
Open policy 35
Adoption of OER and Open
Education
32
Lessons learned MOOCs 20
Open Education & Culture 18
Open Education &
communities
15
Educational aspects of
Open Education (e.g.
pedagogy)
15
Innovation of MOOCs 6

29. Trend: connecting forms of openness

30. Trend: variety in MOOCs
• Pedagogy
• Many acronyms
– Confusing

31. Trend: Recognition
Witthaus, G., Inamorato dos Santos. A., Childs, M., Tannhäuser, A., Conole, G., Nkuyubwatsi, B., Punie, Y. (2016). Validation of Non-formal
MOOC-based Learning: An Analysis of Assessment and Recognition Practices in Europe (OpenCred). EUR 27660 EN; doi:10.2791/809371
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC96968/lfna27660enn.pdf

32. Trend: Research on effectiveness
• Influence of openness on results of learning
• Studies on effects of OER (open textbooks)
– No significant differences in # completions, compared to users of
proprietary books
– No significant differences in achievement
• Studies on perception
– At least the same quality for OER as for proprietary resources
• Gains partly explained by financial benefits
Fischer, L., Hilton, J., Robinson, T. J., & Wiley, D. A. (2015). A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of
post-secondary students. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 27(3), 159–172. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-015-9101-x
Hilton, J. (2016). Open educational resources and college textbook choices: a review of research on efficacy and perceptions. Educational Technology
Research and Development. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9434-9

33. Conclusions
• Many trends resulting in many challenges
• Open education can be a means
• Large variety in pedagogies for better results

34. Is this the future?
Are current institutions and governments able to
respond effectively on what is going on?
Open online education is a means to respond
effectively

35. Thank you!
@fagottissimo
bassoonvenlo
http://nl.linkedin.com/in/robertschuwer
robertschuwer.nl
+31 - 6 1446 9300
r.schuwer@fontys.nl
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