This document discusses how trees can positively impact annual food crop production by reducing various challenges. It provides examples of how trees can increase water availability for crops through reduced evaporation, hydraulic lift, and improved soil water retention. Trees can also fix nitrogen and recycle nutrients through organic acid exudation and mycorrhizal partnerships, benefiting crops. Additionally, trees may help control pests and rodents, and reduce heat and water stress for crops. The effects depend on tree and crop species selection and spacing, as well as soil fertility management. Measuring environmental, productivity and stress indicators can help understand these impacts. The goal is to answer practical questions for maize farmers on how to best integrate trees and crops.