1. The document discusses the limitations of the land sparing vs land sharing framework, arguing it focuses too much on tradeoffs and yield without considering synergies between agriculture and biodiversity or farmers' objectives. 2. Forests can provide direct contributions to rural livelihoods and indirect contributions to crop productivity, livestock productivity, and nutrition through a variety of ecosystem services. 3. Both high- and low-input agriculture can maintain ecosystem services if spillover effects are managed and biodiversity is valued through supportive markets and policies.